LLM Agent Orchestration

LLM: Large Language Model

Ask about this topic

Overview

LLM agent orchestration studies how to organize language models, tools, and specialized agents into systems that can solve tasks requiring multiple steps. Common approaches include sequential and hierarchical pipelines, graph-based workflows, parallel delegation, adaptive routing, and plan–execute–reflect loops, with memory and verification used to manage state and catch errors. Work is evaluated on tasks such as coding, web research, tool use, and domain workflows, using measures that include success, cost, latency, and reliability. A central open tension is that added coordination can improve difficult tasks but also increase cost and failure opportunities, and its benefits depend on the model, task structure, and quality of execution controls.

Latest papers

CardsList

463 papers61 papers in the last four weeks, up 74% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

  1. Cutscene Agent: An LLM Agent Framework for Automated 3D Cutscene Generation

    Apr 28, 2026Lanshan He, Haozhou Pang, Qi Gan +12LLM Agent Orchestration3D Scene Generation

    Kuaishou GameMind Lab

  2. FAMA: Failure-Aware Meta-Agentic Framework for Open-Source LLMs in Interactive Tool Use Environments

    Apr 28, 2026Amir Saeidi, Venkatesh Mishra, Souradeep Mukhopadhyay +4AI Agent ReliabilityMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    Arizona State University · Cisco Research

  3. Dont Stop Early: Scalable Enterprise Deep Research with Controlled Information Flow and Evidence-Aware Termination

    Apr 27, 2026Prafulla Kumar Choubey, Kung-Hsiang Huang, Pranav Narayanan Venkit +5Deep Research AgentsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Salesforce AI Research

  4. ITAS: A Multi-Agent Architecture for LLM-Based Intelligent Tutoring

    Apr 27, 2026Iizalaarab Elhaimeur, Nikos ChrisochoidesMulti-Agent LLM SystemsIntelligent Tutoring Systems

    Center for Real-Time Computing

  5. From Prototype to Classroom: An Intelligent Tutoring System for Quantum Education

    Apr 27, 2026Iizalaarab Elhaimeur, Nikos ChrisochoidesMulti-Agent LLM SystemsIntelligent Tutoring Systems

    Center for Real-Time Computing Computer Science Department Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA · Center for Real-Time Computing Computer Science and Physics Departments Old Dominion University Norfolk, VA

  6. TSAssistant: A Human-in-the-Loop Agentic Framework for Automated Target Safety Assessment

    Apr 27, 2026Xiaochen Zheng, Zhiwen Jiang, David Tokar +5LLM Agent OrchestrationHuman-in-the-Loop AI

    Predictive Modelling, Roche, Basel, Switzerland · Computational Sciences Center of Excellence, Roche, Basel, Switzerland · Translational Safety, Roche, Basel, Switzerland

  7. GraphPlanner: Graph Memory-Augmented Agentic Routing for Multi-Agent LLMs

    Apr 26, 2026Tao Feng, Haozhen Zhang, Zijie Lei +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Department of Computer Science University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign Urbana, IL, USA

  8. Towards Automated Ontology Generation from Unstructured Text: A Multi-Agent LLM Approach

    Apr 25, 2026Abid Talukder, Maruf Ahmed Mridul, Oshani SeneviratneMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York, United States

  9. Code Broker: A Multi-Agent System for Automated Code Quality Assessment

    Apr 25, 2026Samer AttrahMulti-Agent LLM SystemsSoftware Engineering Agents

    Independent researcher · California, USA

  10. Analytica: Soft Propositional Reasoning for Robust and Scalable LLM-Driven Analysis

    Apr 24, 2026Junyan Cheng, Kyle Richardson, Peter ChinLLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agents

    Dartmouth Collegeα · Allen Institute for AIβ

  11. AGNT2: Autonomous Agent Economies on Interaction-Optimized Layer 2 Infrastructure

    Apr 22, 2026Anbang Ruan, Xing ZhangMulti-Agent CoordinationLLM Agent Orchestration

    NetX Foundation

  12. CHORUS: An Agentic Framework for Generating Realistic Deliberation Data

    Apr 22, 2026A. Koursaris, G. Domalis, A. Apostolopoulou +3Multi-Agent LLM SystemsSynthetic Data Generation

    Novelcore, Athens, GR 10436 · Department of Business Administration & Organization Administration, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, GR2026 24100

  13. SceneOrchestra: Efficient Agentic 3D Scene Synthesis via Full Tool-Call Trajectory Generation

    Apr 21, 2026Yun He, Kelin Yu, Matthias ZwickerLLM Agent OrchestrationTool-Use Planning

    University of Maryland, College Park

  14. Context: Proactive Goal-Directed Intelligence via Composable Sandboxed Programs, Declarative Wiring, and Structured Interaction

    Apr 21, 2026Gregory MagarshakAI Agent GovernanceLLM Agent Orchestration

    Qbix, Inc. & Intercoin, Inc. · New York, USA · Also with IE University NYC.

  15. Architectural Design Decisions in AI Agent Harnesses

    Apr 20, 2026Hu WeiLLM Agent OrchestrationTool-Using Agents

  16. ReCoQA: A Benchmark for Tool-Augmented and Multi-Step Reasoning in Real Estate Question and Answering

    Apr 20, 2026Yindong Zhang, Wenmian Yang, Yiquan Zhang +1LLM Agent OrchestrationAI Agent Benchmarks

    Hong Kong Baptist University · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · Beijing Normal University

  17. GraSP: Graph-Structured Skill Compositions for LLM Agents

    Apr 20, 2026Tianle Xia, Lingxiang Hu, Yiding Sun +5LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Workflow Optimization

    Tencent

  18. Co-evolving Agent Architectures and Interpretable Reasoning for Automated Optimization

    Apr 20, 2026Jiahao Huang, Peilan Xu, Xiaoya Nan +1Evolutionary OptimizationLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    School of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China · Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Novel Security Intelligence Technologies, Institute of Cyberspace Security, School of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, Guangdong, China

  19. Graph-of-Agents: A Graph-based Framework for Multi-Agent LLM Collaboration

    Apr 18, 2026Sukwon Yun, Jie Peng, Pingzhi Li +5LLM Agent OrchestrationMulti-Agent Collaboration

    UNC Chapel Hill · Eigent AI · MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab +1

  20. Beyond Task Success: An Evidence-Synthesis Framework for Evaluating, Governing, and Orchestrating Agentic AI

    Apr 18, 2026Christopher Koch, Joshua Andreas WellbrockLLM Agent OrchestrationAI Agent Evaluation

    Independent Researcher

  21. HiveMind: OS-Inspired Scheduling for Concurrent LLM Agent Workloads

    Apr 18, 2026Justice Owusu Agyemang, Jerry John Kponyo, Obed Kwasi Somuah +3LLM Inference EfficiencyAI Coding Agents

    Sperix Labs · VIA Cybersecurity Lab, KNUST · Quantum and Assistive Technologies Lab, KNUST

  22. Harness as an Asset: Enforcing Determinism via the Convergent AI Agent Framework (CAAF)

    Apr 18, 2026Tianbao ZhangSafety-Critical ControlLLM Guardrails

    Independent Researcher

  23. Small Model as Master Orchestrator: Learning Unified Agent-Tool Orchestration with Parallel Subtask Decomposition

    Apr 18, 2026Wenzhen Yuan, Wutao Xiong, Fanchen Yu +7Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Orchestration

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Sichuan University · Shanghai AI Lab +2

  24. Agentic Frameworks for Reasoning Tasks: An Empirical Study

    Apr 17, 2026Zeeshan Rasheed, Abdul Malik Sami, Muhammad Waseem +3LLM Agent OrchestrationAI Agent Evaluation

    *Faculty of Information Technology and Communication Sciences, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.

  25. Evo-MedAgent: Beyond One-Shot Diagnosis with Agents That Remember, Reflect, and Improve

    Apr 15, 2026Weixiang Shen, Bailiang Jian, Jun Li +6Medical AI AgentsLLM Agent Self-Improvement

    Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital · LMU Munich +3

  26. AIBuildAI: An AI Agent for Automatically Building AI Models

    Apr 15, 2026Ruiyi Zhang, Peijia Qin, Qi Cao +2Automated Machine LearningMulti-Agent LLMs

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA. · Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, 92093, CA, USA.

  27. Credo: Declarative Control of LLM Pipelines via Beliefs and Policies

    Apr 15, 2026Duo Lu, Andrew Crotty, Uğur ÇetintemelLLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agents

    Brown University · Northwestern University

  28. GeoAgentBench: A Dynamic Execution Benchmark for Tool-Augmented Agents in Spatial Analysis

    Apr 15, 2026Bo Yu, Cheng Yang, Dongyang Hou +6LLM Agent EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks

    School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South University, Changsha, China. · School of Earth Sciences and Spatial Information Engineering, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, China.

  29. AgentSPEX: An Agent SPecification and EXecution Language

    Apr 14, 2026Pengcheng Wang, Jerry Huang, Jiarui Yao +7LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Harnesses

    University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Baylor College of Medicine · University of Wisconsin–Madison

  30. Multi-Agent Object Detection Framework Based on Raspberry Pi YOLO Detector and Slack-Ollama Natural Language Interface

    Apr 14, 2026Vladimir Kalušev, Branko Brkljač, Milan BrkljačMulti-Agent OrchestrationLLM Agent Orchestration

    The Institute for Artificial Intelligence Research and Development of Serbia Fruškogorska 1, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia · Department of Power, Electronic and Telecommunication Engineering Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi Sad Trg Dositeja Obradovića 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Republic of Serbia · Faculty of Finance, Banking and Auditing, Alfa BK University Bulevar maršala Tolbuhina 8, 11070 Belgrade, Republic of Serbia