LLM Agent Planning

LLM: Large Language Model

Overview

LLM agent planning studies how language models can turn instructions into sequences of actions that achieve goals in tools, software, websites, and physical or simulated environments. Common approaches include ReAct-style plan-and-act loops, hierarchical subgoals and skill graphs, symbolic planners such as PDDL, search methods such as tree search, and world models that predict action outcomes; reinforcement learning and trajectory feedback are also used to improve these systems. Evaluations span web and GUI navigation, coding, household tasks, games, and tool-use benchmarks, increasingly testing long horizons, changing conditions, tool failures, and resource costs. A central challenge is that a plausible plan does not guarantee faithful or safe execution: agents must track state, ground tool arguments, verify results, and recover when assumptions or plans fail.

Latest papers

CardsList

226 papers38 papers in the last four weeks, up 100% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Deep Reasoning in General Purpose Agents via Structured Meta-Cognition

    May 12, 2026Dean Light, Michael Theologitis, Kshitish Ghate +7Structured ReasoningAgentic Reasoning

  2. Do Agents Need to Plan Step-by-Step? Rethinking Planning Horizon in Data-Centric Tool Calling

    May 8, 2026Naoki Otani, Nikita Bhutani, Hannah Kim +2Long-Horizon PlanningTool-Using Agents

  3. Tools as Continuous Flow for Evolving Agentic Reasoning

    May 8, 2026Tairan Huang, Siyu Shang, Qiang Chen +2Tool-Use PlanningAI Agent Benchmarks

  4. Bridging Perception and Action: A Lightweight Multimodal Meta-Planner Framework for Robust Earth Observation Agents

    May 6, 2026Jinghui Xu, Boyi Shangguan, Mengke Zhu +10Remote SensingTool-Use Planning

  5. Say the Mission, Execute the Swarm: Agent-Enhanced LLM Reasoning in the Web-of-Drones

    May 5, 2026Andrea Iannoli, Lorenzo Gigli, Luca Sciullo +2Aerial RoboticsMulti-Robot Systems

  6. FlexSQL: Flexible Exploration and Execution Make Better Text-to-SQL Agents

    May 4, 2026Quang Hieu Pham, Yang He, Ping Nie +5Execution-Guided Text-to-SQLText-to-SQL

  7. RunAgent: Interpreting Natural-Language Plans with Constraint-Guided Execution

    May 1, 2026Arunabh Srivastava, Mohammad A., Khojastepour +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsTool-Using Language Agents

  8. AgentFloor: How Far Up the tool use Ladder Can Small Open-Weight Models Go?

    May 1, 2026Ranit Karmakar, Jayita ChatterjeeComputer-Use Agent BenchmarksLLM Agent Evaluation

  9. Bridging Values and Behavior: A Hierarchical Framework for Proactive Embodied Agents

    Apr 30, 2026Chunhui Zhang, Yuxuan Wang, Aoyang Qin +4Hierarchical PlanningAgent Evaluation

  10. AgenticCache: Cache-Driven Asynchronous Planning for Embodied AI Agents

    Apr 27, 2026Hojoon Kim, Yuheng Wu, Thierry TambeLLM PlanningLLM Inference Acceleration

  11. From Coarse to Fine: Self-Adaptive Hierarchical Planning for LLM Agents

    Apr 25, 2026Haoran Tan, Zeyu Zhang, Chen Ma +3Hierarchical PlanningLong-Horizon Agent Tasks

  12. WebUncertainty: Dual-Level Uncertainty Driven Planning and Reasoning For Autonomous Web Agent

    Apr 20, 2026Lingfeng Zhang, Yongan Sun, Jinpeng Hu +5Web Search AgentsMonte Carlo Tree Search

  13. Provable Coordination for LLM Agents via Message Sequence Charts

    Apr 19, 2026Benedikt Bollig, Matthias Függer, Thomas NowakMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

  14. ProtoCycle: Reflective Tool-Augmented Planning for Text-Guided Protein Design

    Apr 18, 2026Yutang Ge, Guojiang Zhao, Sihang Li +7LLM Self-RefinementLLM Tool Use

  15. PersonalHomeBench: Evaluating Agents in Personalized Smart Homes

    Apr 18, 2026Manasa Bharadwaj, Yolanda Liu, InJung Yang +5AI Agent EvaluationMultimodal Agents

  16. SocialGrid: A Benchmark for Planning and Social Reasoning in Embodied Multi-Agent Systems

    Apr 17, 2026Hikaru Shindo, Hanzhao Lin, Lukas Helff +2LLM Agent EvaluationAI Agent Benchmarks

  17. From Plan to Action: How Well Do Agents Follow the Plan?

    Apr 13, 2026Shuyang Liu, Saman Dehghan, Jatin Ganhotra +2Software Engineering AgentsLLM Agent Planning

  18. Long-Horizon Plan Execution in Large Tool Spaces through Entropy-Guided Branching

    Apr 13, 2026Rongzhe Wei, Ge Shi, Min Cheng +5Uncertainty-Aware ExplorationLLM Agent Planning

  19. METRO: Towards Strategy Induction from Expert Dialogue Transcripts for Non-collaborative Dialogues

    Apr 13, 2026Haofu Yang, Jiaji Liu, Chen Huang +3Conversational AgentsSpoken Dialogue Systems