LLM Planning

LLM: Large Language Model

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12 papers in the last four weeks, up 300% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Learning to Plan by Looking Back: Hindsight Hierarchies for Training Reasoning Models
Oct 8, 2026Lars Simon, Holger Eble, Manuel RadonsLanguage Model Self-Improvement Large Reasoning Models
Bundesdruckerei GmbH Berlin, Germany
Plan-and-Patch: Diffusion Language Models for Agentic Planning
Oct 7, 2026Syamantak Kumar, Jiang Guo, Hassan Hamad +6LLM Planning Diffusion-Based Planning
University of Texas at Austin · Amazon
CM-DPO: Constraint-Margin Direct Preference Optimization for LLM Planning
Oct 6, 2026Rabimba Karanjai, Qun Gu, Hemanth Hegadehalli Madhavarao +8Direct Preference Optimization LLM Planning
PayPal AI Lab
LeanPlan: Optimal Planning with LLM-Generated Heuristics and Admissibility Proofs
Oct 6, 2026André G. Pereira, Augusto B. Corrêa, Felipe Meneguzzi +1Automated Heuristic Design LLM Planning
Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Brazil · University of Oxford United Kingdom · University of Aberdeen United Kingdom +1
OrbitTAMP: Grounding Language Models for Task and Motion Planning in Spacecraft Rendezvous
Oct 1, 2026Yuji Takubo, Daniele Gammelli, Marco Pavone +1LLM Planning Spacecraft Rendezvous and Proximity Operations
Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA · Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA · Italian Institute of Artificial Intelligence (AI4I), Turin, Italy +1
Representation Alignment as a Bottleneck in LLM-Based Retrosynthesis Planning
Sep 28, 2026Hyunwoo Yoo, Cassie Huang, Haebin Shin +2LLM Planning Symbolic Planning
Drexel University · University of Michigan
WeaveData: A Multimodal Data Analysis System with Self-Critiquing and Self-Evolving LLM Plans
Sep 28, 2026Min Jia, Shihao Zhou, Jun-Peng Zhu +9LLM Self-Refinement LLM Planning
Northwest A&F University · PingCAP · East China Normal University +1
Commitment Hierarchies under Intent Revision: A Belief-Revision Account of Salvage in Tool-Use Agents
Sep 28, 2026Spandan Ghose ChowdhuryBelief Revision LLM Planning
Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
GRASP: Generating, Revising, and Assessing for Strategic Planning with Agentic AI
Sep 24, 2026Arunabh Srivastava, Mohammad A., Khojastepour +2LLM Planning
Amir · University of Maryland, College Park, MD · NEC Laboratories America, Inc.
When Learned Context Planning Fails to Beat Strong Retrieval: A Controlled Study of Planning, Routing, and Reranking for Long-Context QA
Sep 22, 2026Yingrui Li, Han ChenLong-Context Retrieval LLM Planning
Independent Researcher, United States
The Organization of Inference: Information, Resource Constraints, and AI Production
Sep 17, 2026Yukun Zhang, Kemu Xu, Yishen ChenLLM Planning Inference-Time Scaling
The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong, China · University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, United Kingdom · The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen Shenzhen, China
Replan, Repair, or Edit? A Unified Empirical Evaluation of Travel Agents for Itinerary Revision under Resource Disruptions
Sep 17, 2026Xiaofei Yuan, Yan Zhang, Shaobo Qiao +7LLM Planning LLM Agent Planning
Euler AI · University of New South Wales · University of Sydney +1
PersonaPath: Towards Knowledge-Centric Personalized Learning Path Planning
Sep 16, 2026Yu Liu, Zeming Liu, Tianle Zhang +6Intelligent Tutoring Systems LLM Planning
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China · Beijing Institute of Technology · Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) +1
Which LLM is Best for Translating Natural Language Goals to PDDL
Sep 16, 2026Tomas Balyo, Lukas Chrpa, G. Michael YoungbloodLLM Evaluation LLM Planning
Filuta AI, Inc., 1606 Headway Cir STE 9145, Austin, TX 78754, USA
Planning or Improvisation? Stress-Testing the Poetry Planning Site on Open Models and Open Cross-Layer Transcoders
Sep 16, 2026Éric JacopinLLM Planning Mechanistic Interpretability
Cosmic AI, France
Grounded Evaluation and Repair for NL-to-PDDL Problem Generation
Sep 9, 2026Joana Rosa, Pedro Santos, Valdemar Oliveira +3LLM Evaluation LLM Planning
INESC INOV, Lisbon, Portugal · Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal · Motamineral Minerais Industriais S.A. +1
UTP-Bench: Uncertainty-aware Travel Planning Benchmark
Sep 2, 2026Etcharla Revanth Rao, Priyanshu Karmakar, Shubhojit Mallick +3LLM Planning Decision-Making under Uncertainty
IIT Bhubaneswar, India · Microsoft, India
From Solver Feedback to Faithful Plans: Multi-Role Reinforcement Learning for Symbolic Planning
Aug 22, 2026Chenghao Zhang, Yikai Mao, Haoyu Gao +4LLM Planning Symbolic Planning
University of Pennsylvania · Georgia Institute of Technology · Pace University +1
Rethink Before You Execute: Adaptive Execution for World Action Models
Aug 10, 2026Feng Ye, Yiming Zhao, Yong Yu +5World Models for Robotics LLM Planning
Wangxuan Institute of Computer Technology, Peking University · Simplexity Robotics
Transformers Struggle to Use Their Emergent World Models: Revisiting the Tower of Hanoi, and the Illusion of Thinking
Aug 7, 2026Devin Pereira, Willem ZuidemaLLM World Models LLM Planning
1Artificial Intelligence Program, University of Amsterdam · ELLIS Unit Amsterdam · Institute for Logic Language and Computation, University of Amsterdam
Strategic Evaluation of Planning Strategies for LLM Agents in Cyber-Physical Systems
Aug 4, 2026J. de Curtò, I. de ZarzàCyber-Physical Systems LLM Planning
Department of Computer Applications in Science and Engineering, BARCELONA Supercomputing Center, Barcelona, Spain · Escuela T´ecnica Superior de Ingenier´ıa (ICAI), Universidad Pontificia Comillas, Madrid, Spain · Human-Centered AI, Data and Software, LUXEMBOURG Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
An Actionable Diagnosis of Multilingual, Multi-Agent Planning Failures
Aug 4, 2026Vikas Pahuja, Jonathan Brokman, Omer Hofman +6LLM Planning Multi-Agent Planning
Fujitsu Research of Europe · Cohere · Fujitsu Research
SyncPlan: Long-Horizon LLM Coordination with Explicit Synchronization and Adaptive Correction
Aug 3, 2026Shen You, Xiaoming Zhu, Weining Weng +17Multi-Agent Coordination LLM Planning
1City University of Hong Kong · 2Tencent · 3Shenzhen University +1
The Physics of Multi-Turn Long-Horizon Planning: From Pre-training to Post-training via Single- and Multi-Teacher On-Policy Agentic Distillation
Jul 27, 2026Tianyi Men, Zhuoran Jin, Kang Liu +1LLM Planning Long-Horizon Planning
The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
AI Tour Meeting: Group Travel Planning by LLM Agents
Jul 21, 2026Daisuke KikutaMulti-Agent LLM Systems LLM Planning
NTT, Inc.
MagicSelector: Joint Optimization for Agent Tool Selection via Counterfactual Decomposition and Progressive Reranking
Jul 20, 2026HONOR Agentic Search Team, Zhengzong Chen, Lei Tang +27Learning to Rank LLM Planning
HONOR Agentic Search Team
Planning with Transformers: Chain of Computation and Structured Context Windows
Jul 20, 2026Ehsan Futuhi, Nathan R. SturtevantLLM Planning Model-Based Planning
Department of Computing Science, University of Alberta · Alberta Machine Intelligence Institute (Amii)
What We Talk About When We Talk About LLM Planning: Evidence for Two Distinct Planning Abilities
Jul 13, 2026Sukai Huang, Chenyuan Zhang, Fucai Ke +4LLM Evaluation LLM Planning
Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University
End-to-End LLM Flight Planning with RAG-based Memory and Multi-modal Coach Agent
Jul 8, 2026Amin Tabrizian, Arsyi Aziz, Aarifah Ullah +3Aerial Robotics LLM Planning
George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA 20052 · Metis Solutions Technology Inc, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA, USA 94035
Task Decomposition-Guided Reranking for Adaptive Agent Skill Retrieval
Jul 7, 2026Yanping Chen, Weijie Shi, Wen Yang +1LLM Planning LLM Reranking
School of Computer Science and Technology, Soochow University · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

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Learning to Plan by Looking Back: Hindsight Hierarchies for Training Reasoning Models

Lars Simon, Holger Eble, Manuel Radons

Bundesdruckerei GmbH Berlin, Germany

Language Model Self-Improvement Large Reasoning Models LLM Planning

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We introduce a self-improvement loop for reasoning models based on the following observation: Even when the difficulty of a problem exceeds the model's current solving abilities, an additionally supplied solution might enable the model to extract useful solution ideas in hindsight. We operationalize this by jointly training the same model to exhibit the following three capabilities: predicting solution ideas from problems alone, reverse-engineering ideas from problems and known solutions, and solving problems using provided ideas. The loop alternates between reverse engineering such ideas from problems with supplied solutions and using these ideas as additional supervision for joint training of all three capabilities. We give a formal specification of our method and a concrete instantiation for interactive theorem proving in the Lean theorem prover; empirical evaluation remains future work.

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