OOD Detection

OOD: Out-of-Distribution

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10 papers in the last four weeks, up 11% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. PairAudit: Guiding Human Review with Graph Tokens under Distribution Shift

    Oct 7, 2026Jiran Tao, Binyan JiangNetwork Intrusion DetectionBlack-Box Model Auditing

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  2. ReMaD: Tuning-free Domain Adaptation for Classification and Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Oct 5, 2026Elijah Bolluyt, Cristina ComaniciuPrototype-Based ClassificationMahalanobis Distance

    Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA

  3. Benchmarking candidate coverage and rejection policy transfer in typed decision models

    Oct 2, 2026Jiawen Lu, Tongtong WuLLM EvaluationSelective Prediction

    Monash University

  4. Robust Evidential Learning Through Latent Consistency

    Oct 1, 2026Charmaine Barker, Daniel Bethell, Simos GerasimouEvidential Deep LearningAdversarial Robustness

    Department of Computer Science, University of York, UK · Department of Elect. Eng., and Computer Science and Eng., Cyprus University of Technology, Cyprus

  5. Dataset Identity, Not Novelty: The Source of an Inflated OOD Detection Gain

    Oct 1, 2026Donghoon Lee, Shinjin KangDistribution Shift DetectionOOD Detection

    Hongik University

  6. A Unified Uncertainty Representation for Graph Neural Networks via Doubly-Spectral Stochastic Expansion

    Sep 28, 2026Fred Xu, Thomas Markovich, Florence Regol +1Graph Neural NetworksUncertainty Quantification

    Department of Computer Science University of California, Los Angeles · Block, Inc. · Mila, Quebec AI Institute

  7. Local Sparsity Enables Unsupervised LLM Safety Detection

    Sep 17, 2026Xin Chen, Gil Kur, Alexander Shevchenko +1Sparse AutoencodersLLM Safety

    ETH Zürich

  8. RAFAIL: Relationship-Aware Failure Detection for Robotic Manipulation

    Sep 16, 2026Loris Schneider, Edgar Welte, Rania RayyesRobot Failure DetectionFault Detection

    Institute for Material Handling and Logistics (IFL), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131, Germany.

  9. PLSP (Pre-hoc Liminal Space Profiling): OOD Prediction over Detection -- An Anticipatory Approach for Machine Learning Model Reliability

    Sep 14, 2026Vipul Bansal, Himanshu Buckchash, Balasubramanian Raman +1Distribution Shift RobustnessOOD Detection

    University of Wisconsin Madison Madison, WI, USA · IMC University of Applied Sciences Krems, Austria · Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Roorkee, India

  10. Layer Selection in VLMs for Zero-Shot OOD Detection via Multi-Resolution Entropy Estimation

    Sep 8, 2026Shyam Nandan Rai, Francesco Di Salvo, Sebastian Doerrich +1Vision-Language ModelsMedical VLMs

    xAILab Bamberg, University of Bamberg, Bamberg, Germany

  11. SAM3-O2D2: Zero-Shot Object Out-of-Distribution Detection by Object Class Prompting of the SAM3-Image Model

    Sep 8, 2026Lucas Görnhardt, Timo Bartels, Tim FingscheidtObject DetectionOOD Detection

    Technische Universität Braunschweig, Institute for Communications Technology

  12. CHILD: Human-in-the-Loop OOD Detection for Safe Clinical Deployment

    Sep 7, 2026Jinlun Ye, Kaiyue Lu, Runhe Lai +3OOD Detection

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen Univerisity, Guangzhou,China · Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China · Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, MOE, Guangzhou, China +1

  13. Risk and Anomaly Identification for Distribution Network Optimal Operation Based on Reinforcement Learning and Uncertainty Quantification

    Sep 3, 2026Ziqi ZhangRisk-Sensitive RLOOD Detection

    College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211100, China

  14. Fi-ImageNet-1k: An OOD Benchmark From the Inside of the ImageNet-1k Validation Set

    Sep 1, 2026Ruslan Rozumnyi, Matěj Suchánek, Tomáš Vojíř +2OOD Detection

    Visual Recognition Group · Department of Cybernetics · Faculty of Electrical Engineering +1

  15. Few-Shot Out of Domain Intent Detection with Covariance Corrected Mahalanobis Distance

    Sep 1, 2026Jayasimha Talur, Oleg Smirnov, Paul MissaultMahalanobis DistanceIntent Classification

    Amazon

  16. Verdict Instability of OOD Scores under Reference Resampling

    Sep 1, 2026Donghoon Lee, Shinjin KangUncertainty QuantificationSelective Prediction

    Hongik University

  17. Unsupervised Anomaly Detection for Image Dataset Quality Assurance in Multi-Center Breast MRI

    Aug 17, 2026Chiara Tappermann, Steffen Renisch, Lars Ole Schwen +3Medical ImagingMedical Image Anomaly Detection

    Fraunhofer Institute for Digital Medicine MEVIS, Max-Von-Laue-Straße 2, Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany · University of Bremen, Bibliothekstraße 1, Bremen, 28359, Bremen, Germany · Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, Hannover, 28359, Lower Saxony, Germany

  18. A Convolutional Layer Activation Dimensionality Reduction for Out-of-Distribution and Adversarial Attack Detection Methods

    Aug 10, 2026Leandro de Souza Rosa, Lorenzo Capelli, Clara Nunes Barrancos +2Convolutional Neural NetworksDimensionality Reduction

    Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Energia Elettrica e dell’Informazione “Guglielmo Marconi” (DEI) - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy · Advanced Research Center on Electronic Systems “Ercole De Castro” (ARCES) - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Bologna, Italy

  19. Decodable but Not Accessible: Auditing Distance-Based Reliability Estimation on Disentangled Skin-Lesion Representations

    Aug 10, 2026Duc-Vinh TranDomain-Adversarial LearningDisentangled Representation Learning

    School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, 1 Dai Co Viet Road, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam

  20. In-Context Density Estimation for Tabular Data

    Aug 10, 2026Patryk Marszałek, Jacek Tabor, Marek ŚmiejaEnergy-Based ModelsUnsupervised Anomaly Detection

    Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland

  21. A Probabilistic Circuit-Induced Pseudo-Metric for Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Aug 10, 2026Bhumika K, Vidhya S, Narayanan C KrishnanProbabilistic CircuitsOOD Detection

    Mehta Family School of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence Indian Institute of Technology Palakkad Palakkad, Kerala, India

  22. Open-World Semantic Segmentation with Sensitivity Modeling

    Aug 8, 2026Anastasios Romanos Varvarigos, Nikos Giakoumoglou, Tania StathakiOOD DetectionSemantic Segmentation

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK

  23. From Uncertainty to Failure Attribution: Self-Diagnosing Models for Failure Attribution under Distribution Shift

    Aug 8, 2026Yiyao YangDistribution Shift RobustnessUncertainty Quantification

    Columbia University

  24. Comparing SGLD and a fixed-noise Predictor-Corrector adaptation in canonical Joint Energy-Based Models on CIFAR-10

    Aug 5, 2026Dmytro KnopovStochastic Gradient Langevin DynamicsLangevin Dynamics

    Faculty of Computer Sciences, Department of Mathematics, National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine.

  25. Open-World Hierarchical Perception: Taxonomic Abstraction over Class-Agnostic Proposals for the Safe Handling of Out-of-Vocabulary Road Objects

    Aug 4, 2026Felix SchallerOpen-Vocabulary Object DetectionHierarchical Classification

    Dubai, UAE / Munich, Germany

  26. FBID: Adaptive Personalized Federated Learning for Robust Out-of-Distribution Attack Detection in IoT Networks

    Aug 4, 2026An Khanh Bui, Cong Thanh Nguyen, Hoang-Anh Pham +2Network Intrusion DetectionInternet of Things

    UTS-HCMUT JTIRC, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. · Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City (VNU-HCM), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam. · School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.

  27. SABRE: A Multi-Agent Approach for Selecting Out-of-Distribution Detectors Under a Budget

    Aug 3, 2026Mary Wisell, Salimeh SekehDistribution ShiftOOD Detection

    San Diego State University

  28. ST-LoRA: Single Trajectory LoRA Ensemble for Uncertainty Aware Agricultural Segmentation

    Aug 2, 2026Mohamed Farag, Genc Hoxha, Yahia Maleki +2Image SegmentationEnsemble Learning

    Machine Learning in Agriculture Lab, Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia · Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany

  29. Training-Free Out-of-Distribution Detection for Pathology Whole-Slide Images

    Aug 2, 2026Sabri Mustafa Kahya, Richard R. Chen, Muhammet Sami Yavuz +4Computational PathologyOOD Detection

  30. Breaking Diversity Collapse in Spiking Pseudo-Ensembles for Efficient OOD Detection in Remote Sensing

    Aug 2, 2026Srinivas Anumasa, Rushi Shah, Qiran Zou +1Efficient Neural Network InferenceEnsemble Learning

    National University of Singapore

  31. TOOD: Task-Aware Out-of-Distribution Score Calibration for Continual Learners

    Jul 31, 2026Mostafa ElAraby, Samer B. Nashed, Liam PaullContinual LearningOOD Detection

    DIRO, Mila - Quebec AI Institute · Universit´e de Montr´eal · Montreal, Canada +1

  32. Towards Real-Time PixOOD: Efficient Anomaly Segmentation for Autonomous Vehicles

    Jul 30, 2026Luca de Martino, Federico Aromolo, Federico Nesti +1Efficient InferenceAutonomous Driving

    Department of Excellence in Robotics & AI, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, Italy

  33. Level, Sharpness, and Corpus: Why Zero-Shot OOD Detector Rankings Do Not Transfer

    Jul 29, 2026Ignacio M. De la Jara, Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo, Stephen Gould +1VLM EvaluationDistribution Shift Detection

    University of Adelaide · 3Naval Group Pacific · 2Australian National University

  34. Representation Trajectories Matters: Complementary Evidence for OOD Detection and Image Classification

    Jul 29, 2026Ignacio M. De la Jara, Cristian Rodriguez-Opazo, Hamed Damirchi +2Distribution Shift DetectionOOD Detection

    University of Adelaide · Naval Group Pacific · Australian National University

  35. Covariance Last-Layer Ensembles: Function-Space Diversity for Efficient Uncertainty Quantification

    Jul 26, 2026H. Martin Gillis, Isaac Xu, Gabriel Spadon +1Uncertainty QuantificationEnsemble Learning

    Dalhousie University Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

  36. Self-Poisoning in Adaptive Out-of-Distribution Detection: A Sharp-Threshold Theory and Certified Label-Free Calibration

    Jul 23, 2026Vishnu Bindu BalachandranDiffusion-Based OOD DetectionOOD Detection

    Independent Researcher

  37. Detecting Neural Network Failures through Spectral Analysis of Internal Activations

    Jul 22, 2026Arunan JOOD DetectionAnomaly Detection

    Independent Researcher

  38. A New Kind of Adversarial Example: Measuring the Human-Model Gap, and Its Relationship to OOD Detection

    Jul 22, 2026Ali BorjiAdversarial RobustnessAdversarial Examples

    BrainChip Inc., Laguna Hills, CA, USA

  39. Team DACTYL at PAN 2026: Bayesian Data Mixing and Empirical X-risk Minimization for AI-text Detection

    Jul 19, 2026Shantanu ThoratAI-Generated Text DetectionData Selection

    College Station, Texas, US

  40. Dimension-Calibrated Unexplained Mass: An Interpretable Drift Statistic for Contamination Monitoring in Data Streams

    Jul 18, 2026Behnam AsadiConcept DriftGaussian Mixture Models

  41. LARAD: Layout-Aware Road Anomaly Detection via Spatial-Logic Reasoning

    Jul 14, 2026Shiyi Mu, Xujie Chen, Shugong XuAutonomous Driving PerceptionAnomaly Localization

    Shanghai University, Shanghai, China · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China

  42. OOD-RL-Bench: A Benchmark Framework for Out-of-Distribution Detection in Reinforcement Learning

    Jul 14, 2026Emil Mittag, Richard Dazeley, Peter VamplewRL BenchmarksOnline Anomaly Detection

    Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia · Federation University Australia, Ballarat, Victoria, 3350, Australia

  43. Sparse Autoencoders for Interpretable Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Jul 13, 2026Ayush Karmacharya, Luke Luschwitz, Lucia Romero +2OOD Detection

    Purdue University · EPFL

  44. Learning from Noise: Effective-Rank Collapse and Out-of-Distribution Rejection in Restricted Boltzmann Machines

    Jul 11, 2026Oshada Rathnayake, Nikhil ShuklaEnergy-Based ModelsClassification

    University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA

  45. A Multi-cluster Boundary Learning Method for Out-of-Scope Intent Detection via MiniLM Embedding

    Jul 8, 2026Yihong Xu, Mingyu Kang, Linyuan LüIntent ClassificationOOD Detection

    University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China

  46. Cross-Contextual Vision-Language Adaptation with LoRA for Personalized Severe Adverse Event Detection in Clinical Wound Monitoring

    Jul 6, 2026Aditi Naiknaware, Jian Sun, Aminreza Khandan +4VLM AdaptationLow-Rank Adaptation

    1San Diego State University · University of California, Los Angeles · University of California, Davis

  47. Road-Aware Anomaly Segmentation with Query-Guided Polygons and CLIP in Autonomous Driving

    Jul 5, 2026Zhiran Yan, Gordon ElgerImage SegmentationAutonomous Driving Perception

    Institute of Innovative Mobility (IIMo), Technical University Ingolstadt of Applied Sciences, Ingolstadt, 85049, Germany. · Fraunhofer Institute for Transportation and Infrastructure Systems IVI, Ingolstadt, 85051, Germany.

  48. Weighted Conformal Prediction for Lab-to-Track Thermal Transfer in EV Motorsport Powertrains

    Jul 2, 2026Varshith Roy KotlaWeighted Conformal PredictionDomain Adaptation

    Department of CSE, Faculty of Science and Technology, The ICFAI Foundation for Higher Education, Hyderabad, India

  49. MARVEL: Margin-Aware Robust von Mises-Fischer Expert Learning for Long-Tailed Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Jul 2, 2026A. S. Anudeep, Vaanathi SundaresanClass-Imbalanced LearningMixture of Experts

    Department of Computational and Data Sciences, Indian Institute of Science

  50. Diffusion-Based Multi-Class Normality for OOD Detection: An Application to CDP Authentication

    Jul 1, 2026Bolutife Atoki, Iuliia Tkachenko, Bertrand Kerautret +1Digital Image ForensicsDiffusion-Based OOD Detection

    imagine, LIRIS · Universit´e Lumi`ere Lyon 2, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Universite Claude Bernard Lyon 1 LIRIS, UMR 5205 Lyon, France

  51. Exploiting Local Flatness for Efficient Out-of-Distribution Detection

    Jun 29, 2026Seonghwan Park, Hyunji Jung, Dongyeop Lee +1OOD Detection

    Korea Electronics Technology Institute (KETI) · Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)

  52. Dual Distribution Estimation for Zero-shot Noisy Test-Time Adaptation with VLMs

    Jun 24, 2026Wenjie Zhu, Yabin Zhang, Liang Xu +3Test-Time AdaptationVLM Adaptation

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +1

  53. DDStereo: Efficient Dual Decoder Transformers for Stereo 3D Road Anomaly Detection

    Jun 23, 2026Shiyi Mu, Zichong Gu, Zhiqi Ai +23D ViTsAutonomous Driving Perception

    Shanghai University, Shanghai, China · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China

  54. Modality-Aware Out-of-Distribution Detection for Multi-Modal Action Recognition

    Jun 23, 2026Lars Doorenbos, Duc Manh Vu, Serdar Ozsoy +1OOD DetectionMultimodal Learning

    University of Bonn, Germany · Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Germany

  55. Interpretable Uncertainty Routing Separating Emotion Ambiguity from Distribution Shift in Facial Expression Recognition

    Jun 21, 2026Keito Inoshita, Takato UenoUncertainty QuantificationSelective Prediction

    Faculty of Business and Commerce, Kansai University, Suita, Japan · Data Science and AI Innovation Research Promotion Center, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan · Graduate School of Data Science, Shiga University, Hikone, Japan

  56. MaRS: Robust Out-of-Distribution Detection via Mahalanobis Residual Scoring

    Jun 21, 2026Francesco Di Salvo, Sebastian Doerrich, Christian LedigMedical Imaging Foundation ModelsMedical Image Anomaly Detection

    XAI Lab Bamberg, University of Bamberg, Germany

  57. NegAS: Negative Label Guided Attention and Scoring for Out-of-Distribution Object Detection with Vision-Language Models

    Jun 21, 2026Yingjie Zhang, Shuai Li, Peng WangVLM RobustnessObject Detection

    Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’An, China

  58. VLA-FAIL: Efficient Task Failure Detection for Finetuned Vision-Language-Action Models

    Jun 19, 2026Florian Seligmann, Emiliyan Gospodinov, Enes Ulas Dincer +1Mahalanobis DistanceVision-Language-Action Models

    Autonomous Learning Robots Lab, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology · FZI Forschungszentrum Informatik, Karlsruhe

  59. SCOPE: Sequential Conformal Probing for Reliable OOD Rejection in LLM Services

    Jun 19, 2026Zhuoyun Li, Boxuan Wang, Changshun Wu +2Conformal PredictionOOD Detection

    School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

  60. PROTON: Prototype-Based Test-Time Online OOD Detection for Medical VLMs

    Jun 18, 2026Abhijit Das, Nichula Wasalathilaka, Yifan Lu +4Medical VLMsOOD Detection

    MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE · University of Peradeniya, Sri Lanka · Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE +2