Clinical Decision-Making

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Overview

Clinical decision-making is the process of choosing tests, diagnoses, treatments, and care plans from evidence that may be incomplete or uncertain, with consequences for patient outcomes and resource use. Approaches include clinical prediction models, causal and individualized treatment-effect methods, decision-focused optimization, and sequential policies that balance gathering more information against acting or deferring. Large language models and multi-agent systems are increasingly evaluated for interactive tasks such as history-taking, triage, longitudinal record review, and treatment planning, often with retrieval, uncertainty estimates, or clinician oversight. A central challenge is that strong diagnostic or benchmark scores do not ensure safe, stable, fair decisions in real workflows, especially when evidence is missing, patient context shifts, or the costs of errors differ.

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130 papers21 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Bayesian Supervised Causal Clustering

    Mar 5, 2026Luwei Wang, Nazir Lone, Sohan SethClinical Decision-Making

    School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK · Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

  2. PreSight: Preoperative Outcome Prediction for Parkinson's Disease via Region-Prior Morphometry and Patient-Specific Weighting

    Mar 2, 2026Yand Wang, Chen Zhang, Lanyun Zhu +6Clinical Outcome PredictionClinical Decision-Making

    Beijing Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University · Institute of Medical Technology, Peking University +3

  3. TARSE: Test-Time Adaptation via Retrieval of Skills and Experience for Reasoning Agents

    Mar 1, 2026Junda Wang, Zonghai Tao, Hansi Zeng +3Clinical QALLM Agent Skill Retrieval

    University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA, USA · University of Massachusetts Lowell, MA, USA

  4. Diagnostics for Individual-Level Prediction Instability in Machine Learning for Healthcare

    Feb 27, 2026Elizabeth W. Miller, Jeffrey D. BlumeClinical Risk PredictionClinical Decision-Making

    School of Data Science University of Virginia Charlottesville

  5. ClinDet-Bench: Beyond Abstention, Evaluating Judgment Determinability of LLMs in Clinical Decision-Making

    Feb 26, 2026Yusuke Watanabe, Yohei Kobashi, Takeshi Kojima +3Clinical Language Model EvaluationLLM Safety Benchmarks

    Kyoto University, Department of Biomedical Data Intelligence · Kyoto University, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine · The University of Tokyo

  6. A Governance and Evaluation Framework for Deterministic, Rule-Based Clinical Decision Support in Empiric Antibiotic Prescribing

    Feb 24, 2026Francisco José Gárate, Paloma Chausa, Diego Moreno +3Specification-Based TestingClinical Decision Support

    Grupo de Bioingeniería y Telemedicina, ETSI Telecomunicación, Centro de Tecnología Biomedica, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Avenida Complutense 30, 28040 Madrid, Spain · Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, 28041 Madrid, Spain · Innovation Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain +2

  7. MedClarify: An information-seeking AI agent for medical diagnosis with case-specific follow-up questions

    Feb 19, 2026Hui Min Wong, Philip Heesen, Pascal Janetzky +2Information GainMedical LLMs

    LMU Munich, Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning, Germany · Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany

  8. CLARITY: Medical World Model for Guiding Treatment Decisions by Modeling Context-Aware Disease Trajectories in Latent Space

    Dec 8, 2025Tianxingjian Ding, Yuanhao Zou, Chen Chen +2Disease Progression ModelingHealthcare

    Institute of Artificial Intelligence, University of Central Florida

  9. An Explanation-oriented Inquiry Dialogue Game for Expert Collaborative Recommendations

    Nov 3, 2025Qurat-ul-ain Shaheen, Katarzyna Budzynska, Carles SierraExplainable Artificial IntelligenceHealthcare

    IIIA, CSIC, Barcelona, Spain · Software Competence Centre Hagenberg, Hagenberg, Austria · Laboratory of The New Ethos, Faculty of Administration and Social Sciences, Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

  10. Timely Clinical Diagnosis through Active Test Selection

    Oct 21, 2025Silas Ruhrberg Estévez, Nicolás Astorga, Mihaela van der SchaarClinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

    University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK

  11. Evaluating utility of clinical prediction models: A comparison of decision curve analysis and cost curves

    Sep 29, 2025Louise AC Millard, Matthew Sperrin, Richard M Martin +1Clinical PredictionClinical Decision-Making

    MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (IEU), University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. · Population health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom. · Intelligent Systems Laboratory, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom.

  12. Quantifying Symptom Causality in Clinical Decision Making: An Exploration Using CausaLM

    Mar 25, 2025Alexander Romanus, Mehul Shetty, Connor JordanClinical Decision-MakingCausal Interpretability

  13. Tool and Trainer? Experimental Evidence on Human Learning from Predictive AI in Cancer Diagnosis

    Feb 23, 2025Vivianna Fang He, Sihan Li, Phanish Puranam +1Human-AI CollaborationClinical Decision-Making

    UCL School of Management, University College London; London, United Kingdom. · INSEAD; Singapore. · West China Hospital, Sichuan University; Chengdu, China.