Clinical Decision-Making

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17 papers in the last four weeks, up 325% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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  1. Decide, Ask, or Defer: Clinical LLMs under Incomplete Evidence

    Oct 3, 2026Mingzhan Yang, Weili WuClinical Decision-MakingClinical Language Model Evaluation

    Department of Computer Science University of Texas at Dallas Richardson, TX 75080

  2. Counterfactual Auditing of Bias in Open-Source Large Language Models for Clinical Triage

    Oct 1, 2026Manar Aljohani, Brandon Ho, Kenneth McKinley +2Clinical Decision-MakingLanguage Model Bias Evaluation

    Department of Computer Science Virginia Tech Blacksburg, VA, US · Division of Emergency Medicine University of Washington and Seattle Children’s Hospital Seattle, WA, USA · Children’s National Hospital Washington DC, USA

  3. Patient-Centered Treatment Planning for Chronic Multimorbidity: A Hierarchical Reinforcement Learning Framework for Preference Modeling

    Sep 30, 2026Nafiseh Payani, Soham Das, G. Anthony Wilson +1HealthcareHierarchical RL

    Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA · Department of Industrial Engineering at the University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA

  4. Sense and Sensitivity: Benchmarking LLM Clinical Triage Recommendations with Physician Experts

    Sep 29, 2026Abinitha Gourabathina, Haoran Zhang, Yuexing Hao +2Clinical TriageClinical Decision-Making

    Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science · Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Department of Computer Science

  5. KlinikeBench: Evaluating Language Models Beyond Diagnostic Accuracy

    Sep 29, 2026Xueting Fang, Zehui Li, Yang Yang +5Clinical Decision-MakingMulti-Turn Dialogue Evaluation

    Zhejiang University · Imperial College London · Nanchang University +2

  6. Can LLMs Value the Right Evidence? Evidence-Value Misalignment in Dynamic Medical Diagnosis

    Sep 28, 2026Kehua Feng, Yunsheng Lu, Yitong Qiao +5LLM EvaluationEvidence-Grounded Reasoning

    Zhejiang University · Ant Healthcare, Ant Group

  7. OpenTumorBoard: A Real-World Benchmark of Multidisciplinary Tumor Board Discussion Trajectories

    Sep 26, 2026Anqi Li, Zhixuan Ge, Yixuan Duan +9Clinical Decision-MakingOncology

    Rice University · University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign · University of Washington +3

  8. AnesTRACE: Benchmarking Intraoperative Anesthesia from Multimodal Perception to Multi-step Decision-Making

    Sep 26, 2026Ziwei Huang, Qi Gao, Zhe Ji +5HealthcareClinical Decision Support

    School of Software Technology, Zhejiang University · Department of Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine · School of Software, Central South University +1

  9. An auditable conditional-strategy framework for open-ended decision-making in complex lung cancer

    Sep 24, 2026Daoyun Wang, Zhicheng Huang, Huaiyuan Sun +39Clinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

  10. Misaligned Clinical Risk Classification and Cost Asymmetry in Open-Weight Large Language Models

    Sep 21, 2026Star S. D. Liu, Xiyu Ding, Robert B. Barrett +3Cost-Sensitive LearningLLM Interpretability

    Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA · Microsoft, Redmond, WA, USA · National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

  11. Japanese Stroke LLM Evaluation: A Conversational Benchmark for Safe Stroke Care in Japanese Using Large Language Models

    Sep 15, 2026Keisuke Masuda, Kazutaka Yatsushiro, Hirohumi Iwamoto +2LLM Safety BenchmarksHealthcare

    Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital Organization Kagoshima Medical Center, Kagoshima, Japan · Department of Neurology, Imamura General Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan · Iwamoto Neurosurgery, Kanoya, Kagoshima, Japan +1

  12. Optimizing for the decision not the prediction: an exploration of Smooth Net Benefit as a training objective

    Sep 14, 2026Koen M. F. Gorgels, Lasai Barreñada, Maarten van Smeden +3Predict-Then-OptimizeDecision-Focused Learning

    Department of Data Science and Biostatistics, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands · Coo peratie VGZ, Arnhem, the Netherlands · Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

  13. MedTRACE: Tool-Augmented Multimodal Clinical Reasoning Agents for Evidence-Grounded Decision-Making

    Sep 13, 2026Ji Lu, Lifei Liu, Haoran Yu +5Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision-Making

    Vanderbilt University, United States · Wichita State University, United States · University of Florida, United States +4

  14. Emergency Department Revisit Quality Review Screening: Exploring Human Decision-Making and Artificial Intelligence Support

    Sep 9, 2026Jonathan A. Handler, Marlene I. Robles-Granda, Jacob E. Mefford +5Clinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

    Clinical Intelligence and Advanced Data Lab, OSF HealthCare, Peoria, IL · Digital Innovation Development, OSF HealthCare, Peoria, IL · OnCall, OSF HealthCare, Peoria, IL +7

  15. Safe to Stop? Risk-Constrained Stopping for Sequential Clinical Diagnosis Agents

    Sep 9, 2026Yuexin Wu, Vasile RusSelective PredictionAI Agent Evaluation

    Department of Computer Science University of Memphis

  16. Performance of Clinical AI System and Physicians and Frontier Language Models in primary care diagnostics

    Sep 8, 2026Andy Nkansah, Hanna Plotnitskaya, Stanislau Salavei +6HealthcareMedical Diagnosis

    1A.I. Doctor Medical Assist LTD, Limassol, Cyprus. · 2Family Medicine Specialist, Kraków, Poland.

  17. ObGynLongBench: Revealing the Evidence-to-EHR Gap in Longitudinal EHR Decision-Making

    Sep 7, 2026Jun Xiang, Zhijie Bao, Rong Hu +3LLM EvaluationClinical Decision-Making

    School of Data Science, Fudan University, China · 2Shanghai Innovation Institute, China · Department of Obstetrics, Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Lab of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai Key Lab of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Shanghai, China +2

  18. Evidence, Logic, and Compliance: Multi-Agent Structured Graph Reasoning with Expert Arbitration for Medical Referral

    Aug 31, 2026Qi Peng, Yi Cai, Jialin Cui +7Clinical Decision-MakingGraph Reasoning

    School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China · School of Computer Science and Network Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou China · Department of Computing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China +2

  19. Beyond Information Seeking: Severity-Aware Question Supervision for Proactive Medical Dialogue

    Aug 25, 2026Chenxuan Li, Xinrong Chen, Luyan Zhang +5Clinical Decision-Making

    Peking University, Beijing, China · Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA · Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China +1

  20. An Agentic Generative Large Language Model for Treatment Planning of Colorectal Cancer

    Aug 10, 2026Mengxian Lyu, Cheng Peng, Tim Jang +18Clinical Decision-MakingDomain Adaptation for LLMs

    Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA. · Division of Hematology & Oncology, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA · University of Florida Health Cancer Institute, Gainesville, FL, USA +8

  21. ELICITED: EHR-grounded Longitudinal Interactive Conversations for Information-seeking Triage Evaluation and Decision-making

    Aug 10, 2026Haohao Zhu, Xiaolin Shi, Jiayu ZhouClinical TriageClinical Decision-Making

    University of Michigan · Ellipsis Health

  22. ResidencyRL: Reinforcement Learning in Simulated Clinical Environments

    Aug 7, 2026Valentin Liévin, Samuel Schmidgall, Tim Strother +32Clinical Decision-MakingClinical Reasoning

    Google DeepMind · Google Research · Department of Oncology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX +3

  23. The Judgment-Consequence Gap: LLM Moral Reasoning in Healthcare Decisions

    Aug 6, 2026Hadi Hosseini, Samarth Khanna, Leona PierceMoral Reasoning in Language ModelsClinical Decision-Making

    Pennsylvania State University

  24. RESPClinBench: Benchmarking Multimodal Clinical Decision-Making and Longitudinal Disease Management in Respiratory Specialty Care

    Aug 5, 2026Mouxiao Bian, Zhi Chen, Ruiyao Chen +8LLM Safety BenchmarksHealthcare

    Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanhai, China · Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China · First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China +1

  25. Learning Clinical-Trial Strategy: Offline Policy Training for Decision Agents

    Aug 4, 2026William Bolton, Philip TorrClinical Decision-MakingImitation Learning

    Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.

  26. Optimal Liability Design for Medical AI

    Aug 4, 2026Rui Mao, Tingliang Huang, Houcai ShenMechanism DesignAI Accountability

    School of Management & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China · Haslam College of Business, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA

  27. PDD-RRG: Posterior Diagnostic Decision for Study-level Radiology Report Generation

    Aug 4, 2026Yang Yu, Yiming Ji, Bin Dai +4Radiology Report GenerationClinical Decision-Making

    School of Computer Science & Technology, Soochow University · Suzhou Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Technology · Jiangsu Key Lab of Language Computing, Suzhou

  28. High-Stakes Decisions with Language Models: Insights from Emergency Triage

    Aug 2, 2026Khurram Yamin, Christopher Kelly, Bryan Wilder +1Clinical TriageClinical Decision-Making

    Microsoft · Carnegie Mellon University

  29. MedUPS: Towards Diagnostic Assistance in Uncommon Medical Cases with Large Language Models

    Aug 2, 2026Ofir Ben Shoham, Oriel Perets, Nir Grinberg +1LLM AlignmentClinical Decision Support

    Stein Faculty of Computer and Information Science Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

  30. From Unsupervised Subgroups to Hypothetical State-Intervention Policies: An Evaluation of Selected Subgrouping Methods in Observational Health Data

    Jul 29, 2026Vasundhara Acharya, Bulent YenerClinical Decision-Making

    Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, USA

  31. RareLens: Towards End-to-End Rare Disease Care via Aligning Divergent Large Language Model Reasoning

    Jul 25, 2026Xi Chen, Hongru Zhou, Shiyu Feng +24Rare Disease DiagnosisHealthcare

    Sports Medicine Center, Department of Orthopedics and Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China · Center for Cleft Lip and Palate Treatment, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China · School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen (CUHKSZ), Shenzhen, China +13

  32. Bayesian uncertainty estimation improves clinical decision making in medical AI agents

    Jul 22, 2026Frederik Hauke, Patrick Wienholt, Christiane Kuhl +4Clinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

    Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany. · Department of Medical Oncology, National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany. · Else Kröner Fresenius Center for Digital Health, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany. +1

  33. Policy-Driven CT-Agent: Modeling Phase-Aware Diagnostic Control for Clinically Consistent CT Reasoning

    Jul 12, 2026Yanmeng Dong, Han Li, Yujia Li +7Clinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

    University of Science and Technology of China · Technical University of Munich

  34. LongMedBench: Benchmarking Medical Agents for Long-Horizon Clinical Decision-Making

    Jul 10, 2026Zihan Xu, Yanzhen Chen, Xiaocheng Zhang +4Long-Horizon Agent EvaluationClinical Decision-Making

    Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China · Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, China · Transvascular Implantation Devices Research Institute, Hangzhou, China

  35. A Personalized Computational Framework for Assessing the Sufficiency of Partially Observed Data in Healthcare AI models

    Jul 10, 2026Qingchu Jin, Felistas Mazhude, Jamie B. Rabb +3Learning with Missing DataClinical Outcome Prediction

    Roux Institute, Northeastern University, ME USA · MaineHealth Institute for Research, ME USA · MaineHealth, ME USA +3

  36. A rubric-based controlled comparison of frontier language models on expert-authored clinical reasoning tasks

    Jul 2, 2026Samiha A. Ismail, Fan X. Chen, Ali MeraliClinical Decision-MakingClinical Reasoning

    Prime Analytics Consulting Limited · Talbert House; Thomas More University · MAKZ

  37. MedEvoEval: Evaluating Continual Evolution of Doctor Agents through Simulated Clinical Episodes

    Jun 27, 2026Hui ZhangContinual Learning for LLM AgentsLong-Horizon Agent Evaluation

    Beijing Institute of Technology (BIT), China

  38. An AI agent for treatment reasoning over a biomedical tool universe

    Jun 27, 2026Shanghua Gao, Ayush Noori, Richard Zhu +13Clinical Decision-MakingLLM Agent Training

    Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA · Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK · The Ivan and Francesca Berkowitz Family Living Laboratory Collaboration at Harvard Medical School and Clalit Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA +16

  39. Enhancing Clinician Decision-Making via Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Expert Fusion for Stroke Rehabilitation

    Jun 23, 2026Tamim Ahmed, Thanassis RikakisClinical Decision-MakingMultimodal Model Interpretability

    Bioemdical Engineering, University of Soutehrn California,, Los Angeles, 90007, CA, USA.

  40. Cohort-Anchored Foundation Models for Electronic Health Records: From Risk Scores to Auditable Peer Cohorts

    Jun 20, 2026Kaiping ZhengClinical Decision-MakingMultimodal Model Interpretability

    National University of Singapore

  41. Agentic AI Enhances Physician Trust in Clinical Decision Making

    Jun 16, 2026Zhiling Yan, Zhe Fang, David J King +10Clinical Decision-MakingTrust in AI

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA · Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA · Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA +4

  42. Medical world models: representing medical states, modelling clinical dynamics and guiding intervention policies

    Jun 15, 2026Ke Liu, Mengxuan Li, Yanyi Bao +4World Model LearningClinical Decision Support

    College of Computer Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China. · School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, China. · Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard University, USA.

  43. Attention-Based Estimation of the Individual Treatment Benefit Probability under Dose Variation

    Jun 11, 2026Lev V. Utkin, Andrei V. Konstantinov, Stanislav K. Kogan +2Causal Effect EstimationClinical Decision-Making

    Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University Higher School of Artificial Intelligence Technologies St.Petersburg, Russia

  44. Belief-Space Control for Personalized Cancer Treatment via Active Inference

    Jun 9, 2026Deniz Sargun, H. Bugra Tulay, C. Emre KoksalBelief-Space PlanningHealthcare

    Amazon.com Inc. Palo Alto, CA · HP Inc. Denver, CO · The Ohio State University Columbus, OH

  45. Beyond English benchmarks: clinical llm evaluation in Brazilian Portuguese

    Jun 5, 2026Giordano de Pinho Souza, Glaucia Melo, Josefino Cabral Melo Lima +1Multilingual Language Model EvaluationClinical Decision-Making

    Federal University of Rio de Janeiro · Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto, CA

  46. LLM-Guided Evolution for Medical Decision Pipelines

    Jun 5, 2026Ivan Sviridov, Artem Oskin, Ivan Panin +4Clinical TriageLarge Language Model-Guided Optimization

    1Sber AI Lab · 2AIRI

  47. Gender-Dependent Diagnostic Substitution in LLM Medical Triage: Same Symptoms, Unequal Urgency

    Jun 2, 2026Qi Han WongGender Bias in Language ModelsClinical Triage

  48. AI Rater Discrimination Depends on Scoring Protocol in Complex Clinical Decision-Making

    Jun 2, 2026Sangwon Baek, Kyu Yeon Hur, Kyunga KimLLM-as-a-JudgeClinical Decision Support

    Asclep Korea Inc., Changwon, Republic of Korea · Center for Data Science, New York University, New York, USA · Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea +1

  49. ClinicalMC: A Benchmark for Multi-Course Clinical Decision-Making with Large Language Models

    Jun 2, 2026Ruihui Hou, Siyi Zhu, Ziyue Huai +4Clinical Decision-MakingClinical Language Model Evaluation

    East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China · Renji Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.

  50. ClinEnv: An Interactive Multi-Stage Long Horizon EHR Environment for Agents

    Jun 1, 2026Yuxing Lu, Yushuhong Lin, Wenqi Shi +4Long-Horizon Agent EvaluationClinical Decision-Making

    1Georgia Institute of Technology · 2Peking University · University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center +1

  51. Aligning Data-Driven Predictors with Allocation: A Decision-Focused Approach to Survival Analysis

    Jun 1, 2026Itai Zilberstein, Ioannis Anagnostides, Tuomas SandholmLearning to RankSurvival Analysis

    Department of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA · Additional affiliations: Strategy Robot, Inc., Strategic Machine, Inc., Optimized Markets, Inc.

  52. Implicit Geographic Inference in LLM Medical Triage: Language-Driven Disparities in Emergency Recommendations

    May 31, 2026Qi Han WongMultilingual Language Model EvaluationClinical Triage

  53. EHRBench: An Automated and Reliable EHR-based Benchmark for Clinical Decision Making with LLMs

    May 28, 2026Yuzhang Xie, Keqi Han, Yunpeng Xiao +7HealthcareClinical Decision-Making

    Emory University Atlanta, GA, USA · Stanford University Stanford, CA, USA

  54. Deep Optimal Individualized Treatment Rules for Bivariate Survival Outcomes via Adaptive Prediction-Powered Learning

    May 28, 2026Kun Ren, Yifan Cui, Wen SuSurvival AnalysisClinical Decision-Making

    Department of Biostatistics, City University of Hong Kong · Center for Data Science, Zhejiang University

  55. Do Clinical Models Change Treatment Decisions?

    May 27, 2026Dongkyu Cho, Miao Zhang, Rumi ChunaraHealthcareClinical Decision-Making

    New York University

  56. Implementation of Big Data Analytics for Diabetes Management: Needs Assessment in the Rwanda Healthcare System

    May 26, 2026Silas Majyambere, Tony Lindgren, Workneh Y. Ayele +1Clinical Decision-Making

    Department of Computer and Systems Sciences Stockholm University Stockholm, Sweden · Center for Biomedical Engineering and E-Health (CEBE) University of Rwanda Kigali, Rwanda

  57. A Generalized Nash Equilibrium-Seeking Scheme for Trauma Resuscitation

    May 21, 2026Promise Ekpo, Angelique Taylor, Lekan MoluNash EquilibriumMulti-Agent Coordination

    Cornell University, NY. · Bala Cynwyd, PA.

  58. Understanding Perspectives of Patients, Caregivers and Clinicians towards Emerging Collaborative-decision Making Technologies

    May 20, 2026Ray-Yuan Chung, Athena Ortega, Zixuan Xu +7Clinical Decision SupportClinical Decision-Making

    University of Washington, Seattle, WA · Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD

  59. Set-Valued Policy Learning

    May 19, 2026Laura Fuentes-Vicente, Mathieu Even, Gaëlle Dormion +3HealthcareLearning to Defer

    Inria PreMeDICaL, Inserm, Montpellier, France · Elixir Health, Paris, France · Université Paris Cité, CNRS, MAP5, F-75006 Paris, France +1

  60. What Does the AI Doctor Value? Auditing Pluralism in the Clinical Ethics of Language Models

    May 18, 2026Payal Chandak, Victoria Alkin, David Wu +11Moral Reasoning in Language ModelsHealthcare