Clinical Reasoning

Latest papers 133

24 papers in the last four weeks, up 14% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

MentalHospital: A Virtual Environment for Evaluating Psychiatric Clinical Encounters
Jul 9, 2026Yuming Yang, Xiao Sun, Yuanwei Zou +6Mental Health Clinical Reasoning
School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China · School of Computer Science, Hunan University, Changsha, China
A safety-oriented hypothetico-deductive framework for AI-assisted differential diagnosis
Jul 9, 2026Fan Ma, Mauro Giuffrè, Donald Wright +12Scientific Reasoning Medical Diagnosis
Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA · Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy · Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA +3
Aligning Clinical Needs and AI Capabilities: A Survey on LLMs for Medical Reasoning
Jul 8, 2026Qi Peng, Jiatong Li, Sirui Huang +10Clinical Reasoning Clinical Language Model Evaluation
1The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China. · 2Hong Kong University, Hong Kong, China. · 3South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China. +3
Medi-Gemma: A Hybrid Clinical Decision Support System Integrating Deterministic EMR Analytics and Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Jul 6, 2026Mohammed Saim Ahmed Quadri, Yunzhe Xue, Justin W. Ady +1Retrieval-Augmented Generation LLM Hallucination Mitigation
Department of Computer Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ, USA · Department of Data Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology Newark, NJ, USA · Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Hospital New Brunswick, NJ, USA
Reinforcement Learning for Evidence-Seeking Diagnostic Reasoning with Large Language Models
Jul 3, 2026Shengyi Hua, Kangzhe Hu, Conghui He +2Medical Diagnosis RL for Language Model Reasoning
Qing Yuan Research Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai AI Laboratoty · Shanghai Innovation Institute
A rubric-based controlled comparison of frontier language models on expert-authored clinical reasoning tasks
Jul 2, 2026Samiha A. Ismail, Fan X. Chen, Ali MeraliClinical Decision-Making Clinical Reasoning
Prime Analytics Consulting Limited · Talbert House; Thomas More University · MAKZ
RareDxR1: Autonomous Medical Reasoning for Rare Disease Diagnosis Beyond Human Annotation
Jun 30, 2026Deyang Jiang, Haoran Wu, Ziyi Wang +4Rare Disease Diagnosis RL for Language Model Reasoning
The Key Laboratory of Cognition and Decision Intelligence for Complex Systems, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China · School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
CLExEval: A Human-in-the-Loop Framework for Qualitative Evaluation of LLM Clinical Reasoning
Jun 30, 2026Ajmal M., Abin Roy, Afthab Salam Kanniyan +4LLM-as-a-Judge Human-in-the-Loop Evaluation
1MBZUAI · 2IIT Madras · 3Calicut Medical College
Clinical Reasoning Graphs: Structured Evaluation of LLM Diagnostic Reasoning Reveals Competence Without Consistency
Jun 29, 2026Nisarg A. PatelLLM Evaluation Reasoning Consistency in Language Models
University of California, San Francisco · Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA · Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Informatics and Digital Transformation, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
EHR-Complex: Benchmarking Medical Agents for Complex Clinical Reasoning
Jun 22, 2026Yitong Qiao, Lei Liu, Yue Shen +4AI Agent Benchmarks Clinical Reasoning
1Zhejiang University · †Work done during an internship at Ant Group. · 2Ant Group
Agentic AI-based Framework for Mitigating Premature Diagnostic Handoff and Silent Hallucination in Healthcare Applications
Jun 16, 2026Divyansh Srivastava, Shreya Ghosh, Anshul Verma +1Multi-Agent LLM Systems LLM Hallucination Mitigation
Quantum Cloud Computing and Distributed Systems (qCLOUDS) Lab, School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, School of Electrical and Computer Sciences (SECS), Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, India · Department of Computer Science2026 Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
AIPatient Arena: EHR-grounded evaluation of large language models in end-to-end clinical consultation workflows
Jun 16, 2026Jiahui Niu, Huizi Yu, Wenkong Wang +11Clinical Reasoning Clinical Language Model Evaluation
School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China · Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and System Control, Shandong University, Ji’nan, Shandong, China · Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong SAR, China +5
Teaching agentic AI to generalize expert diagnostic reasoning in rare diseases
Jun 15, 2026Minh-Ha Nguyen, Erica Gray, Bryce A. Schuler +16RL for Language Models Rare Disease Diagnosis
Department of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA · Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA · Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA +4
ClinHallu: A Benchmark for Diagnosing Stage-Wise Hallucinations in Medical MLLM Reasoning
Jun 12, 2026Sicheng Yang, Hangjie Yuan, Wenjun Zhang +5Multimodal Hallucination Clinical Reasoning
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) · DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group · Hupan Lab +1
Lung-R1: A Knowledge Graph-Guided LLM for Pulmonary Diagnostic Reasoning
Jun 10, 2026Haoyang Zeng, Yuanxi Fu, Rongzhen Li +11Medical Diagnosis Clinical Reasoning
School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China · AI Research Institution, Mashang Financial Institution · Department of Information, Third Military Medical University
Dep-LLM: Training-Free Depression Diagnosis via Evidence-Guided Structured Multi-factor with Reliable LLM Reasoning
Jun 9, 2026Yiqing Lyu, Xianbing Zhao, Buzhou Tang +1LLM Inference Depression Detection
Experience Makes Skillful: Enabling Generalizable Medical Agent Reasoning via Self-Evolving Skill Memory
Jun 8, 2026Haoran Sun, Wenjie Li, Yujie Zhang +8Continual Learning for LLM Agents LLM Agent Memory
Fudan University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · University of Science and Technology of China +1
TRIAGE: Dialectical LLM Reasoning for Explainable Risk Prediction on Irregularly Sampled Medical Time Series
Jun 8, 2026Hyeongwon Jang, Gyouk Chu, Changhun Kim +4Irregular Time-Series Modeling Logical Reasoning
KAIST · AITRICS · University of Wisconsin-Madison
Baichuan-M4: A Clinical-Grade Medical Agent System for Continuous Care
Jun 8, 2026Aiyuan Yang, Canbin Piao, Chengfeng Dou +25RL for Language Models Healthcare
Baichuan AI and THUBPM Group, Tsinghua University
PACT: Learning Diverse Diagnostic Strategies via Privileged Synthesis and Branch Consensus
Jun 8, 2026Gen Li, Yuanze Hu, Zhichao Yang +10Medical Diagnosis Clinical Reasoning
Beihang University · Baidu · ByteDance +2
Beyond English benchmarks: clinical llm evaluation in Brazilian Portuguese
Jun 5, 2026Giordano de Pinho Souza, Glaucia Melo, Josefino Cabral Melo Lima +1Multilingual Language Model Evaluation Clinical Decision-Making
Federal University of Rio de Janeiro · Toronto Metropolitan University Toronto, CA
D2MDT: Department-aware Multidisciplinary Team Consultation with Deliberation for Efficient Clinical Prediction
Jun 2, 2026Yongqi Liang, Qidong Liu, Chunze Yang +4Clinical Outcome Prediction Multi-Agent Collaboration
Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
MeDxAgent: Multi-Agent Consultation for Interactive Medical Diagnosis
Jun 2, 2026Akshat Sanghvi, Naren Akash, Raza Imam +2Multi-Agent LLM Systems Medical Diagnosis
Microsoft Research India · Institute of AI and Innovation, AIG Hospitals · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
ChatHealthAI: Aligning Electronic Health Record Representations with Large Language Models for Grounded Clinical Reasoning
Jun 1, 2026Bo-Hong Wang, Baicheng Peng, Ruilin Wang +3LLM Grounding LLM Alignment
School of Computer Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada · Mila - Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada
CAREAgent: Clinical Agent with Structured Reasoning and Tool-Integrated for Order Generation
May 31, 2026Ruihui Hou, Ziyue Huai, Chennuo Zhang +5Tool-Using Agents Clinical Reasoning
East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China · Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
MedCase-Structured: A Text-to-FHIR Dataset for Benchmarking Diagnostic Reasoning in Clinically Realistic EHR Settings
May 28, 2026Valentina Bui Muti, Eugénie Dulout, Ziquan FuHealthcare Clinical Decision Support
System Inc., New York, NY, USA.
C-MIG: Multi-view Information Gain-based Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Clinical Diagnosis Reasoning
May 27, 2026Yuwei Miao, Gen Li, Yunsheng Zeng +8Retrieval-Augmented Generation Healthcare
1Baidu Inc.
MedGuideX: Internalizing Decision Logic from Executable Guidelines into Large Language Models for Clinical Reasoning
May 26, 2026Yuhao Shen, Lang Cao, Simo Du +4Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · 2The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · 3Albert Einstein College of Medicine
Clinically-Grounded Counterfactual Reasoning for Medical Video Diagnosis
May 26, 2026Jianzhe Gao, Churan Wang, Weiyi Zhang +5Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
Towards Error-Free EHRs: Reasoning-Intensive Consistency Verification Between Clinical Notes and Structured Tables in Electronic Health Records
May 26, 2026Yeonsu Kwon, Jiho Kim, Junseong Choi +10Factual Consistency Evaluation Clinical Reasoning
1KAIST · 2Ghent University · 3Samsung Medical Center +2

Jul 9, 2026, cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

MentalHospital: A Virtual Environment for Evaluating Psychiatric Clinical Encounters

Yuming Yang, Xiao Sun, Yuanwei Zou, Zhengxiao Wu+5

School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China · School of Computer Science, Hunan University, Changsha, China

Mental Health Clinical Reasoning Clinical Language Model Evaluation Medical LLMs

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Large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance on isolated psychiatric tasks, including dialogue, diagnosis, and treatment planning, yet existing benchmarks rarely simulate complete psychiatric clinical encounters. We introduce

\textbf{MentalHospital}

, a virtual evaluation environment for LLM-based psychiatric clinical encounters. MentalHospital instantiates the Subjective Interviewing, Objective Examination, Diagnostic Assessment, and Treatment Planning (S.O.A.P.) workflow, using skill-augmented standardized patients constructed from 1,193 de-identified psychiatric electronic health record (EHR) cases spanning all major ICD-11 categories and 76 disorders. Each encounter is assessed through a dual-track protocol that combines objective comparison against EHR-derived references with subjective assessment of clinical process quality. To scale specialist judgment, we develop

\textbf{MentalEval}

, five domain-specific evaluators covering communication empathy, interviewing professionalism, clinical-note quality, diagnostic rigor, and treatment appropriateness, trained with rubric-grounded SFT and expert-guided DPO. Survey responses from 22 clinicians support MentalHospital's clinical fidelity (3.88/5), while MentalEval achieves strong expert alignment with an average QWK of 0.944. Benchmarking shows that even the strongest LLM trails clinicians by 37.28 percentage points in objective psychiatric competence, with mental status assessment as a key bottleneck.