Differential Diagnosis

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2 papers in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

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CLIMB: A Clinical Multimorbidity Benchmark for Diagnosing Co-occurring Conditions through Multiturn Conversations
Sep 28, 2026Yusuf Kesmen, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Yena Chang +7Medical Diagnosis Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation
EPFL · Aarhus University
Hyperbolic Graph Representation Learning for Differential Diagnosis on Biomedical Knowledge Graphs
Sep 16, 2026Pietro Miotto, Lucia Mellini, Tommaso Marzi +5KG Embedding Knowledge Graphs
Department of Computer Science, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy · Università della Svizzera italiana (USI), Lugano, Switzerland · Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy +2
Social Chain of Thought: A Multi-Agent Architecture Grounded in Medical Differential Diagnosis Methodology
Aug 11, 2026Del Coburn, Scott Sanner, Dan SilverMulti-Agent Collaboration Clinical Reasoning
Department of Sociology University of Toronto · Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering University of Toronto
Auditing Evidence Use in Medical LLM Diagnosis
Jul 23, 2026Junchi Liao, Jiawen Deng, Fuji RenLLM Auditing Medical Diagnosis
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu, China
Aletheia: An Offline-First Clinical Decision Support System for Differential Diagnosis in Low-Resource Healthcare Settings
Jul 14, 2026Joseph Walusimbi, Ann Move Oguti, Abubakhari Sserwadda +2Clinical Decision Support Healthcare
Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda · School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
A safety-oriented hypothetico-deductive framework for AI-assisted differential diagnosis
Jul 9, 2026Fan Ma, Mauro Giuffrè, Donald Wright +12Scientific Reasoning Medical Diagnosis
Department of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA · Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, Università degli Studi di Trieste, Trieste, Italy · Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, USA +3
Ekka: Automated Diagnosis of Silent Errors in LLM Inference
Jun 3, 2026Yile Gu, Zhen Zhang, Shaowei Zhu +4Software Engineering LLM Serving
University of Washington · 2Amazon Web Services.
Gender-Dependent Diagnostic Substitution in LLM Medical Triage: Same Symptoms, Unequal Urgency
Jun 2, 2026Qi Han WongGender Bias in Language Models Clinical Triage
DDX-TRACE: A Benchmark for Medical Diagnostic Trajectories in VLMs
May 22, 2026Jiazhen Pan, Weixiang Shen, Jun Li +7Medical Imaging Radiology VLMs
Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML) +3
MedExpMem: Adapting Experience Memory for Differential Diagnosis
May 20, 2026Qianhan Feng, Zhongzhen Huang, Yakun Zhu +4Radiology VLMs Healthcare
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai Innovation Institue
Medical Model Synthesis Architectures: A Case Study
May 10, 2026Katherine M. Collins, Marlene Berke, Ilia Sucholutsky +6Explainable Artificial Intelligence Healthcare
MIT · University of Cambridge · Princeton University +8
MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMs
May 8, 2026Hsin-Ling Hsu, Zizheng Wang, Donghua Zhang +9Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
1National Chengchi University · 2Georgetown University · University of Michigan +3
SymptomAI: Toward a Conversational AI Agent for Everyday Symptom Assessment
May 5, 2026Joseph Breda, Fadi Yousif, Beszel Hawkins +30Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
Google Research · Work done while at Google Research · Google DeepMind
Are Multimodal LLMs Ready for Clinical Dermatology? A Real-World Evaluation in Dermatology
May 1, 2026Roy Jiang, Hyunjae Kim, Zhenyue Qin +8Healthcare Clinical Triage
Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Department of Bioinformatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
MultiDx: A Multi-Source Knowledge Integration Framework towards Diagnostic Reasoning
Apr 27, 2026Yimin Deng, Zhenxi Lin, Yejing Wang +9Knowledge Augmentation for Language Models Medical Diagnosis
Xi’an Jiaotong University · City University of Hong Kong · Tencent Jarvis Lab +1
MIND: Unified Inquiry and Diagnosis RL with Criteria Grounded Clinical Supports for Psychiatric Consultation
Mar 4, 2026Guoyi Li, Shihao Xu, Jiatong Ma +4Healthcare Evidence-Grounded Reasoning
EverMind AI Inc., California, USA · Venus Team, Ant Group · Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai, China +3
Think Like a Doctor: Conversational Diagnosis through the Exploration of Diagnostic Knowledge Graphs
Feb 2, 2026Jeongmoon Won, Seungwon Kook, Yohan JoHealthcare Medical Diagnosis
Graduate School of Data Science, Seoul National University
Few shot chain-of-thought driven reasoning to prompt LLMs for open ended medical question answering
Mar 7, 2024Saeel Sandeep Nachane, Ojas Gramopadhye, Prateek Chanda +5Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
2Indian Institute of Technology Bombay · 1IBM Research
MedCollab: IBIS-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration with Hierarchical Disease Relation Chains for Clinical Diagnosis
Date pendingYuqi Zhan, Xinyue Wu, Tianyu Lin +6Multi-Agent LLM Systems Medical Report Generation
Hangzhou Dianzi University · Zhejiang University · Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents’ Health and Diseases
NSIDDx: A Design Framework for Neuro-Symbolic, Practitioner-First Differential Diagnosis in Low-Resource Settings
Date pendingAarav SinghRare Disease Diagnosis Healthcare
IIIT Naya Raipur

Sep 28, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

CLIMB: A Clinical Multimorbidity Benchmark for Diagnosing Co-occurring Conditions through Multiturn Conversations

Yusuf Kesmen, Aniruddha Mukherjee, Yena Chang, David Sasu+6

EPFL · Aarhus University

Medical Diagnosis Multi-Turn Dialogue Evaluation Clinical Reasoning Clinical Language Model Evaluation Differential Diagnosis

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Patients often have several co-occurring clinical conditions, and the findings needed to identify and disambiguate them emerge over the course of a consultation. Evaluating clinical reasoning in this setting requires both multi-turn interaction and multi-label diagnosis. We introduce CLIMB, a benchmark in which a doctor model interviews a simulated patient to recover a ground truth set of co-occurring clinical conditions. Cases are synthesized from clinical decision algorithms and diagnostic datasets, grounding multimorbid presentations in structured clinical knowledge. Across six frontier and open models, none recovers the exact set of conditions in more than 10% of interactive cases. Diagnostic performance declines when conditions co-occur, even when models receive the full clinical record and the true number of conditions. Interaction reduces performance further. In controlled experiments, models behave like single-hypothesis trackers: they anchor on the diagnosis suggested by the opening findings, keep questioning around it, and recover a second condition mainly when a finding in view points to it. Questioning them further does not complete the set but adds mostly wrong diagnoses. We formalise this pattern with a theoretical reference model of single-hypothesis tracking. The benchmark, generator, and evaluation code are available at https://anonymous.4open.science/r/CLIMB-8340.

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