Digital Twins

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Overview

Digital twins are computational counterparts of physical assets, people, or broader systems, updated with observations to represent their changing state and test possible actions. Approaches range from physics-based simulation and data assimilation to machine-learning surrogates, hybrid models, generative agents, and reinforcement learning for control. Applications span manufacturing, infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, energy, and social systems, where twins can support forecasting, maintenance, safety testing, and personalized decisions. A central challenge is ensuring that a twin remains calibrated and trustworthy as conditions change, while balancing fidelity, uncertainty, computation, privacy, and validation against real-world outcomes.

Latest papers

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253 papers36 papers in the last four weeks, up 16% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. A Scalable Digital Twin Framework for Energy Optimization in Data Centers

    May 7, 2026Raphael Hendrigo de Souza Gonçalves, Wendel Marcos dos SantosData Center Energy ManagementDigital Twins

    Federal University of São João del-Rei (UFSJ) · Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP)

  2. Housing Potential Common Data Model and City Digital Twin

    May 7, 2026Megan Katsumi, Mark Fox, Anderson Wong +1Urban PlanningDigital Twins

    Urban Data Research Centre School of Cities University of Toronto

  3. Behavior-Grounded Lane Representation Learning for Multi-Task Traffic Digital Twins

    May 3, 2026Rei Tamaru, Pei Li, Bin RanRepresentation LearningDigital Twins

    Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA · Department of Civil and Architecture Engineering and Construction Management, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, USA

  4. Equation-Free Digital Twins for Nonlinear Structural Dynamics

    May 1, 2026Mohammad Mahdi Abaei, Ahmad BahooToroody, Arttu Polojärvi +4Koopman Operator LearningNonlinear System Identification

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Marine Technology and Arctic Group, Aalto University, Finland · Independent Expert, Digital Twin Technology, Ribe, Denmark · Institute for Risk and Reliability, Leibniz University Hannover, Germany

  5. Network Digital Untwinning: Towards Backward Optimization of Digital Twins

    Apr 30, 2026Zifan Zhang, Dianwei Chen, Anjun Gao +5Digital TwinsMachine Unlearning

    North Carolina State University, USA · University of Maryland, USA · University of Louisville, USA +2

  6. Toward Personalized Digital Twins for Cognitive Decline Assessment: A Multimodal, Uncertainty-Aware Framework

    Apr 29, 2026Bulent Soykan, Gulsah Hancerliogullari Koksalmis, Hsin-Hsiung Huang +1Alzheimer's DiseaseClinical Outcome Prediction

    Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Manufac. Eng. The University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA · Department of Industrial Eng. and Mngt. Systems University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA · Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA +1

  7. Threat-Oriented Digital Twinning for Security Evaluation of Autonomous Platforms

    Apr 28, 2026Thomas J. Neubert, Laxima Niure Kandel, Berker PeközAdversarial RobustnessCybersecurity

    Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Daytona Beach, FL, USA

  8. CognitiveTwin: Robust Multi-Modal Digital Twins for Predicting Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer's Disease

    Apr 24, 2026Bulent Soykan, Gulsah Hancerliogullari Koksalmis, Hsin-Hsiung Huang +1Alzheimer's DiseaseMultimodal Robustness

    Department of Mechanical, Industrial & Manufacturing Eng. The University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA · Department of Industrial Eng. and Mngt. Systems University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA · Department of Statistics and Data Science University of Central Florida Orlando, FL, USA +1

  9. Optimal sequential decision-making for error propagation mitigation in digital twins

    Apr 24, 2026Annice Najafi, Shokoufeh MirzaeiMarkov Decision ProcessesPartially Observable Markov Decision Processes

    Department of Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering California State Polytechnic University, Pomona Pomona, CA, 91768, USA

  10. Generative Flow Networks for Model Adaptation in Digital Twins of Natural Systems

    Apr 22, 2026Pascal Archambault, Houari Sahraoui, Eugene SyrianiSimulation-Based InferenceModel Calibration

    DIRO, Université de Montréal, Quebec, Canada.

  11. Data-Driven Open-Loop Simulation for Digital-Twin Operator Decision Support in Wastewater Treatment

    Apr 22, 2026Gary Simethy, Daniel Ortiz Arroyo, Petar DurdevicNeural Surrogate ModelingDigital Twins

    Aalborg University, Department of Energy, Niels Bohrs Vej 8, Esbjerg, DK-6700, Denmark

  12. Aether: Network Validation Using Agentic AI and Digital Twin

    Apr 20, 2026Jordan Auge, Sam Betts, Giovanna Carofiglio +3Agentic WorkflowsDigital Twins

    Cisco Systems · Cisco Systems, Paris, France and London, UK. · Swisscom +1

  13. Public and private blockchain for decentralized digital building twins and building automation system

    Apr 16, 2026Reachsak Ly, Alireza ShojaeiCybersecurityDigital Twins

    Assistant Professor, School of Technology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, Illinois, United States · Assistant Professor, Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States

  14. Towards Trustworthy 6G Network Digital Twins: A Framework for Validating Counterfactual What-If Analysis in Edge Computing Resources

    Apr 16, 2026Julian Jimenez Agudelo, Paola Soto, Ayat Zaki-Hindi +56G NetworksDigital Twins

    University of Antwerp - imec, IDLab, Belgium · Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology (LIST), Luxembourg

  15. From Brain Models to Executable Digital Twins: Execution Semantics and Neuro-Neuromorphic Systems

    Apr 15, 2026Alexandre MuzyDigital Twins

    ILLS · International Laboratory on Learning Systems (ILLS) CNRS – McGill – ETS – MILA – Université Paris-Saclay

  16. GeoVision-Enabled Digital Twin for Hybrid Autonomous-Teleoperated Medical Responses

    Apr 14, 2026Parham Kebria, Soheil Sabri, Laura J BrattainDigital TwinsRobotics

    Electrical and Computer Engineering / North Carolina A&T State University / Greensboro, USA · Urban Digital Twin Lab, School of Modeling Simulation and Training / University of Central Florida / Orlando, USA · Department of Internal Medicine / College of Medicine, University of Central Florida / Orlando, USA

  17. Bridging the Gap between Micro-scale Traffic Simulation and 4D Digital Cityscapes

    Apr 9, 2026Longxiang Jiao, Lukas Hofmann, Yiru Yang +2Virtual RealityDigital Twins

    ETH Zurich · University of Zurich

  18. Joint Task Offloading, Inference Optimization and UAV Trajectory Planning for Generative AI Empowered Intelligent Transportation Digital Twin

    Apr 9, 2026Xiaohuan Li, Junchuan Fan, Bingqi Zhang +3Intelligent Transportation SystemsDigital Twins

    Guangxi University Key Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Scenario System (School of Information and Communication, Guilin University of Electronic Technology), Guilin 541004, China · Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport, Beijing 100000, China · School of Automation, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China +1

  19. Dual-Loop Control in DCVerse: Advancing Reliable Deployment of AI in Data Centers via Digital Twins

    Apr 8, 2026Qingang Zhang, Yuejun Yan, Guangyu Wu +4RL ControlDigital Twins

    College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, 639798, Singapore · Alibaba Group, Hangzhou, 311121, China

  20. SYN-DIGITS: A Synthetic Control Framework for Calibrated Digital Twin Simulation

    Apr 8, 2026Grace Jiarui Fan, Chengpiao Huang, Tianyi Peng +2Synthetic ControlLanguage Model Calibration

    Finance Division, Columbia Business School. · Department of IEOR, Columbia University · Decision, Risk, and Operations Division, Columbia Business School. +1

  21. Graph Neural ODE Digital Twins for Control-Oriented Reactor Thermal-Hydraulic Forecasting Under Partial Observability

    Apr 8, 2026Akzhol Almukhametov, Doyeong Lim, Rui Hu +1Surrogate ModelingDigital Twins

    Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA · Argonne National Laboratory, Nuclear Science and Engineering Division, USA

  22. TwinLoop: Simulation-in-the-Loop Digital Twins for Online Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Apr 8, 2026Nan Zhang, Zishuo Wang, Shuyu Huang +4Digital TwinsMulti-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China · Research Institute of Trustworthy Autonomous Systems, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China · Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece

  23. Bridging Natural Language and Microgrid Dynamics: A Context-Aware Simulator and Dataset

    Apr 7, 2026Tinko Sebastian Bartels, Ruixiang Wu, Xinyu Lu +5Power SystemsDigital Twins

    School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China. · Department of Mechanical and Automation Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.

  24. 2026 Roadmap on Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Smart Manufacturing

    Apr 5, 2026Jay Lee, Hanqi Su, Marco Macchi +51Smart ManufacturingManufacturing

  25. A physics-informed, behavior-aware digital twin for robust multimodal forecasting of core body temperature in precision livestock farming

    Apr 5, 2026Riasad Alvi, Mohaimenul Azam Khan Raiaan, Sadia Sultana Chowa +6Precision Livestock FarmingTime Series Forecasting

    Applied Artificial INtelligence and Intelligent Systems (AAIINS) Laboratory, Dhaka 1217, Bangladesh · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, United International University, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, Monash University, Melbourne 3800, Australia +5

  26. An Intelligent Fault Diagnosis Method for General Aviation Aircraft Based on Multi-Fidelity Digital Twin and FMEA Knowledge Enhancement

    Apr 3, 2026Zhihuan Wei, Yang Hu, Xinhang Chen +3Fault DiagnosisDigital Twins

    Hangzhou International Innovation Institute, Beihang University, Hangzhou, China · School of Mechanical Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China · School of Reliability and Systems Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China +1

  27. Transformer self-attention encoder-decoder with multimodal deep learning for response time series forecasting and digital twin support in wind structural health monitoring

    Apr 2, 2026Feiyu Zhou, Marios ImpraimakisStructural Health MonitoringDigital Twins

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Bath, BA2 7AY Bath, UK · Department of Civil Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China

  28. The Digital Twin Counterfactual Framework: A Validation Architecture for Simulated Potential Outcomes

    Apr 1, 2026Olav LaudyCounterfactual EvaluationCausal Effect Estimation

  29. Autonomous Agent-Orchestrated Digital Twins (AADT): Leveraging the OpenClaw Framework for State Synchronization in Rare Genetic Disorders

    Mar 28, 2026Hongzhuo Chen, Zhanliang Wang, Quan M. Nguyen +3Digital TwinsMulti-Agent Orchestration

    Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA · Applied Mathematics and Computational Science Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA · Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA +2

  30. GLU: Global-Local-Uncertainty Fusion for Scalable Spatiotemporal Reconstruction and Forecasting

    Mar 27, 2026Linzheng Wang, Jason Chen, Nicolas Tricard +2Spatiotemporal ForecastingDigital Twins

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, 02139, MA, United States of America.