Healthcare

Latest papers 533

38 papers in the last four weeks, up 41% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

CLEAR: Revealing How Noise and Ambiguity Degrade Reliability in LLMs for Medicine
May 1, 2026Kevin H. Guo, Chao Yan, Avinash Baidya +5Healthcare LLM Reliability
Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA · Intuit AI Research, Mountain View, CA, USA · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA +2
When RAG Chatbots Expose Their Backend: An Anonymized Case Study of Privacy and Security Risks in Patient-Facing Medical AI
May 1, 2026Alfredo Madrid-García, Miguel RujasHealthcare LLM Auditing
Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros de Telecomunicación Universidad Politécnica de Madrid Avenida Complutense, 30, Madrid, 28040, Spain
DIYHealth Suite: Dataset, Model, and Benchmark for Health Management at Home
May 1, 2026Changshuo Liu, Junran Wu, Zhongle Xie +9Healthcare Multimodal Large Language Models
School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
MedMosaic: A Challenging Large Scale Benchmark of Diverse Medical Audio
May 1, 2026Harshit Rajgarhia, Shuubham Ojha, Asif Shaik +4Audio QA Healthcare
Centific Global Solutions Inc. · University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.
From Prediction to Practice: A Task-Aware Evaluation Framework for Blood Glucose Forecasting
May 1, 2026Alireza Namazi, Heman ShakeriHealthcare Clinical Decision Support
Department of Computer Science University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA · School of Data Science University of Virginia Charlottesville, VA, USA
Healthcare AI GYM for Medical Agents
May 1, 2026Minbyul JeongHealthcare On-Policy Distillation
Upstage AI
Are Multimodal LLMs Ready for Clinical Dermatology? A Real-World Evaluation in Dermatology
May 1, 2026Roy Jiang, Hyunjae Kim, Zhenyue Qin +8Healthcare Clinical Triage
Department of Dermatology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Department of Bioinformatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA · Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
Finding Hidden Relationships Between Medical Concepts by Leveraging Metamap and Text Mining Techniques
Apr 30, 2026Weikang Yang, S M Mazharul Hoque Chowdhury, Wei JinRelation Extraction Healthcare
Department of Computer Science, North Dakota State University, Fargo, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, USA
Linking spatial biology and clinical histology via Haiku
Apr 30, 2026Yan Cui, Jacob S. Leiby, Wenhui Lei +6Computational Pathology Healthcare
Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA · Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA · Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology & Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA +1
Differentiable latent structure discovery for interpretable forecasting in clinical time series
Apr 30, 2026Ivan Lerner, Jean Feydy, Alexandre Kalimouttou +2Irregular Time-Series Modeling Healthcare
Universit´e Paris Cit´e and Universit´e Sorbonne Paris Nord, INRIA, Inserm, HEKA, Paris, 75015, France. · Department of Medical Informatics, Assistance Publique Hˆopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Georges Pompidou European Hospital, Paris, France. · SIERRA, Inria Paris, Paris, 75015, France. +2
Simulating clinical interventions with a generative multimodal model of human physiology
Apr 30, 2026Guy Lutsker, Gal Sapir, Jordi Merino +7Multivariate Time Series Forecasting Healthcare
Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. · Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel. · NVIDIA, Tel Aviv, Israel. +5
Consumer Attitudes Towards AI in Digital Health: A Mixed-Methods Survey in Australia
Apr 30, 2026Wei Zhou, Rashina Hoda, Joycelyn LingHealthcare Human-Centered AI
1*Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Wellington Rd, Clayton, 3800, VIC, Australia. · 2Digital Health CRC, George Street, Sydney, 2000, NSW, Australia.
Iterative Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Medical Question Answering
Apr 30, 2026Xupeng Chen, Binbin Shi, Chenqian Le +5Multimodal RAG Retrieval-Augmented Generation
New York University, New York, USA · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Independent Researcher +1
Auditing Frontier Vision-Language Models for Trustworthy Medical VQA: Grounding Failures, Format Collapse, and Domain Adaptation
Apr 30, 2026Xupeng Chen, Binbin Shi, Chenqian Le +5VLM Evaluation Healthcare
New York University, New York, USA · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Columbia University, New York, USA +1
HealthBench Professional: Evaluating Large Language Models on Real Clinician Chats
Apr 30, 2026Rebecca Soskin Hicks, Mikhail Trofimov, Dominick Lim +13Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
OpenAI
End-to-End Evaluation and Governance of an EHR-Embedded AI Agent for Clinicians
Apr 30, 2026Aaryan Shah, Andrew Hines, Alexia Downs +6Healthcare AI Agent Evaluation
1Canvas Medical, San Francisco, CA, USA · Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · 3XPC (X Primary Care) +2
HealthNLP_Retrievers at ArchEHR-QA 2026: Cascaded LLM Pipeline for Grounded Clinical Question Answering
Apr 29, 2026Md Biplob Hosen, Md Alomgeer Hussein, Md Akmol Masud +3LLM Grounding Healthcare
University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, USA · 2Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Benchmarking the Safety of Large Language Models for Robotic Health Attendant Control
Apr 29, 2026Mahiro Nakao, Kazuhiro TakemotoLanguage Model-Based Control Healthcare
Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
Multimodal LLMs are not all you need for Pediatric Speech Language Pathology
Apr 29, 2026Darren Fürst, Sebastian Steindl, Ulrich SchäferAudio Representation Learning Healthcare
Ostbayerische Technische Hochschule Amberg-Weiden
Algorithmic Authority and the Clinical Standard of Care
Apr 29, 2026Aizierjiang AiersilanAI Accountability Healthcare
The George Washington University
People-Centred Medical Image Analysis via Fairness-Aware Human-AI Cooperation
Apr 28, 2026Zheng Zhang, Milad Masroor, Cuong Nguyen +6Healthcare Learning to Defer
CVSSP, PAI, University of Surrey, UK · Southampton Solent University, UK · AIML, Adelaide University, Australia +2
Magnification-Invariant Image Classification via Domain Generalization and Stable Sparse Embedding Signatures
Apr 28, 2026Ifeanyi Ezuma, Olusiji MedaiyeseHealthcare Cross-Domain Generalization
Ifeanyi Ezuma, Olusiji Medaiyese
Health System Scale Semantic Search Across Unstructured Clinical Notes
Apr 28, 2026Faith Wavinya Mutinda, Spandana Makeneni, Anna Lin +14Healthcare Semantic Search
1) Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA · 2) Google Cloud, Sunnyvale, CA · 3) Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA +2
TopoMamba: Topology-Aware Scanning and Fusion for Segmenting Heterogeneous Medical Visual Media
Apr 28, 2026Fuchen Zheng, Chengpei Xu, Long Ma +10Image Segmentation Healthcare
University of Macau · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences · Dalian University of Technology +4
Single-turn emergency psychiatric triage across 15 frontier AI chatbots
Apr 28, 2026Veith Weilnhammer, Lennart Luettgau, Christopher Summerfield +5Healthcare Clinical Triage
Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, London, UK · UK AI Security Institute · Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK +2
Language corpora for the Dutch medical domain
Apr 28, 2026B. van EsHealthcare Low-Resource Language Processing
Central Diagnostic Laboratory, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands. · R&D, B-lab, Castricum, The Netherlands.
SCOPE:Planning for Hybrid Querying over Clinical Trial Data
Apr 28, 2026Suparno Roy Chowdhury, Manan Roy Choudhury, Tejas Anvekar +5Table QA Healthcare
1Arizona State University · 2Mayo Clinic
Retrieval-Guided Generation for Safer Histopathology Image Captioning
Apr 27, 2026Md. Enamul Hoq, Wataru Uegami, Saghir Alfasly +6Multimodal RAG Computational Pathology
Kimia Lab, Department of Artificial Intelligence & Informatics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA · Lane Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA · Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA +2
Quantum Kernel Advantage over Classical Collapse in Medical Foundation Model Embeddings
Apr 27, 2026Sebastian Cajas Ordóñez, Felipe Ocampo Osorio, Dax Enshan Koh +10Chest X-Ray Classification Healthcare
1MIT Critical Data, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA · 2Clinical Research Center, Artificial Intelligence Unit, Fundaci´on Valle del Lili, Cali, Valle del Cauca, Colombia · 3Quantum Innovation Centre (Q.InC), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis #08-03, Singapore 138634, Republic of Singapore +15
FastOMOP: A Foundational Architecture for Reliable Agentic Real-World Evidence Generation on OMOP CDM data
Apr 27, 2026Niko Moeller-Grell, Shihao Shenzhang, Zhangshu Joshua Jiang +2Multi-Agent Orchestration Healthcare
EPSRC DRIVE-Health, Department of Biostatistics & Health Informatics, King’s College London, UK. · Lancashire Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK. · Institute for Health Informatics, University College London, UK. +5

May 1, 2026, cs.CLJ/K move · Enter open · S save

CLEAR: Revealing How Noise and Ambiguity Degrade Reliability in LLMs for Medicine

Kevin H. Guo, Chao Yan, Avinash Baidya, Katherine Brown+4

Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA · Intuit AI Research, Mountain View, CA, USA · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA+2

Healthcare LLM Reliability LLM Uncertainty Estimation Clinical Language Model Evaluation Language Model Robustness Medical LLMs+1

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Medical large language model (LLM) evaluations rely on simplified, exam-style benchmarks that rarely reflect the ambiguity of real-world medical inquiries. We introduce the CLinical Evaluation of Ambiguity and Reliability (CLEAR) framework, which assesses how decision-space presentation, ambiguity, and uncertainty affect LLMs' reasoning on medical benchmarks. CLEAR systematically perturbs (1) the number of plausible answer options, (2) the presence of a ground truth or abstention option, and (3) the semantic framing of answer options. Applying CLEAR on three benchmarks evaluated across 17 LLMs reveals three notable limitations of existing evaluation methods. First, increasing the number of plausible answers degrades a model's ability to identify the correct answer and abstain against incorrect ones. Second, this lack of caution intensifies as the framing of abstention shifts from assertive rejection like "None of the Above" to uncertainty admission like "I don't know" (IDK). Notably, just including IDK in the answer space increases incorrect answer selections. Lastly, we formalize the performance gap between identifying the correct answer and abstaining from incorrect ones as the humility deficit, which worsens with model scale. Our findings reveal limitations in standard medical benchmarks and underscore that scaling alone does not resolve LLM reliability issues.