Language Model-Based Control

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16 papers in the last four weeks, up 433% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving
Jun 7, 2026Ruoyu Yao, Pei Liu, Ruiguo Zhong +3Continual Learning for LLMs Language Model-Based Control
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China
VentAgent: When LLMs Learn to Breathe -- Multi-Objective Arbitration for ARDS Ventilation
Jun 3, 2026Teqi Hao, Yuxuan Fu, Xiaoyu Tan +4Language Model-Based Control Feedback Control
Tencent Youtu Lab Shanghai, Shanghai, China · Artificial Intelligence Innovation and Incubation Institute, Fudan University Shanghai, Shanghai, China · School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science Shanghai, Shanghai, China
ModuLoop : Low-Level Code Generation using Modular Synthesizer and Closed-Loop Debugger for Robotic Control
Jun 2, 2026Gina Yoon, Sumin Lee, Joo Yong SimRobotic Control Language Model-Based Control
Department of Mechanical Systems Engineering, Sookmyung Women’s University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul, 04310, South Korea
SegTune: Structured and Fine-Grained Control for Song Generation
May 31, 2026Yuejiao Wang, Zihao Ji, Pengfei Cai +6Text-to-Music Generation Language Model-Based Control
Kling Team, Kuaishou Technology · University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China · Peking University, Beijing, China
Before Parc Fermé: RL-Time Pruning for Efficient Embodied LLMs in Autonomous Driving
May 29, 2026Luca Benfenati, Ali Azimi, Matteo Risso +3LLM Pruning Language Model-Based Control
Department of Control and Computer Engineering, Politecnico di Torino · Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico di Torino
When are LLMs Sufficient Policy Optimizers for Sequential RL Tasks?
May 29, 2026Stephane Hatgis-Kessell, Emma BrunskillLanguage Model-Based Control Policy Optimization
Department of Computer Science, Stanford University
Harmonizing Real-Time Constraints and Long-Horizon Reasoning: An Asynchronous Agentic Framework for Dynamic Scheduling
May 28, 2026Shijie Cao, Yuan Yuan, Jing LiuLanguage Model-Based Control Real-Time Scheduling
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China · Shenzhen Loop Area Institute, Shenzhen, China · Qingdao Research Institute, Beihang University +3
UniMaia: Steering Chess Policies with Language for Human-like Play
May 26, 2026Sherman Siu, Lesley IsteadGame-Playing Agents Language Model-Based Control
University of Waterloo · Carleton University
Hierarchical Prompt-Domain Control and Learning for Resource-Constrained Agentic Language Models
May 26, 2026Joan Vendrell Gallart, Russell Bent, Michael GrosskopfContinual Learning for LLM Agents Language Model-Based Control
Department of Mechanical and Aerospace University of California Irvine Irvine, CA 92617-4322, USA · T-5 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 88220, USA · CAI-4 Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos, NM 88220, USA
SafeCtrl-RL: Inference-Time Adaptive Behaviour Control for LLM Dialogue via RL-Driven Prompt Optimisation
May 25, 2026Michael Orme, Yanchao Yu, Zhiyuan TanRL for Language Models Language Model-Based Control
School of Computing, Engineering and Building Environment. Edinburgh Napier University Edinburgh, EH10 5DT, UK
Toward a Benchmark for Controllable Simulation of Imperfect Students with Large Language Models
May 25, 2026Alexander Apartsin, Omri Sason, Yehudit ApersteinLLM Evaluation Language Model-Based Control
Holon Institute of Technology, Holon, Israel. · Afeka Tel Aviv Academic College of Engineering, Tel Aviv, Israel
Device Context Protocol: A Compact, Safety-First Architecture for LLM-Driven Control of Constrained Devices
May 24, 2026Dongxu YangLanguage Model-Based Control MCP Security
1DeepLethe
Reason--Imagine--Act: Closed-Loop LLM Decision Making with World Models for Autonomous Driving
May 19, 2026Zhengqi Sun, Yiwen Sun, Boxuan Liu +3Language Model-Based Control World Models
Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China · School of Intelligence Science and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China · State Key Laboratory of General Artificial Intelligence, BIGAI, Beijing 100080, China +3
CyberCorrect: A Cybernetic Framework for Closed-Loop Self-Correction in Large Language Models
May 17, 2026Yuning Wu, Yingmin Liu, Yang ShuLLM Self-Correction LLM Evaluation
School of Software, Henan University, Kaifeng, China · 2Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
TuxBot: Semantic-Aware Online OS Tuning with Large Language Models
May 14, 2026Georgios Liargkovas, Mihir Nitin Joshi, Hubertus Franke +1Language Model-Based Control Large Language Model-Guided Optimization
Columbia University · IBM Research
Language Generation as Optimal Control: Closed-Loop Diffusion in Latent Control Space
May 14, 2026ZiYi Dong, Yuliang Huang, Weijian Deng +3Language Model-Based Control Stochastic Optimal Control
Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China · Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia · Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
LIDSA: Cognitive Arbitration for Signal-Free Autonomous Intersection Management
May 12, 2026Abderrahmane Lakas, Mohamed Amine Ferrag, Merouane DebbahMulti-Agent Coordination Language Model-Based Control
Department of Computer and Network Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, UAE · Research Institute for Digital Future, Khalifa University, UAE
Hierarchical LLM-Driven Control for HAPS-Assisted UAV Networks: Joint Optimization of Flight and Connectivity
May 12, 2026Zijiang Yan, Hao Zhou, Wael Jaafar +4Multi-Objective Reinforcement Learning Language Model-Based Control
Causal state binding predicts action control in language agents
May 10, 2026Xiao JiaLanguage Model-Based Control LLM Agent Evaluation
School of Artificial Intelligence, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
LASSA Architecture-Based Autonomous Fault-Tolerant Control of Unmanned Underwater Vehicles
May 10, 2026Hong Chen, Zixiang Tang, Yuanbao Chen +1Language Model-Based Control Large Language Model-Based Robot Planning
Wuhan Second Ship Design and Research Institute, Wuhan, 430060, China · School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China
OracleTSC: Oracle-Informed Reward Hurdle and Uncertainty Regularization for Traffic Signal Control
May 8, 2026Darryl Jacob, Xinyu Liu, Muchao Ye +2Reward Shaping Language Model-Based Control
Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Auburn University · Department of Computer Science2026 University of Iowa · Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringMay Clemson University
CSR: Infinite-Horizon Real-Time Policies with Massive Cached State Representations
May 8, 2026Robin Karlsson, Go SuzuiRobotic Control Language Model-Based Control
1GODOT Inc, Hyogo, Japan · 2Graduate School of Informatics, Nagoya University, Aichi, Japan.
A Regime Theory of Controller Class Selection for LLM Action Decisions
May 7, 2026Zhaoyang Jiang, Zhizhong Fu, Yunsoo Kim +4Selective Prediction Language Model-Based Control
University of Glasgow · UESTC, Chengdu, China · University College London
Say the Mission, Execute the Swarm: Agent-Enhanced LLM Reasoning in the Web-of-Drones
May 5, 2026Andrea Iannoli, Lorenzo Gigli, Luca Sciullo +2Aerial Robotics Multi-Robot Systems
Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Bologna Bologna, Italy
Stable Agentic Control: Tool-Mediated LLM Architecture for Autonomous Cyber Defense
May 4, 2026Kerri Prinos, Lilianne Brush, Cameron Denton +5Autonomous Cyber Defense Language Model-Based Control
Horizon3.ai San Francisco, CA
CoRAL: Contact-Rich Adaptive LLM-based Control for Robotic Manipulation
May 4, 2026Berk Çiçek, Mert K. Er, Ozgur S. OguzLanguage Model-Based Control Large Language Model-Based Robot Planning
LiRA Lab, Department of Computer Engineering, Bilkent University, Ankara, Türkiye
LLM-Foraging: Large Language Models for Decentralized Swarm Robot Foraging
May 2, 2026Peihan Li, Joanna Gutierrez, Fabian Hernandez +2Swarm Robotics Language Model-Based Control
Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA · The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, Texas 78541, USA
Benchmarking the Safety of Large Language Models for Robotic Health Attendant Control
Apr 29, 2026Mahiro Nakao, Kazuhiro TakemotoLanguage Model-Based Control Healthcare
Kyushu Institute of Technology Iizuka, Fukuoka, Japan
DGLight: DQN-Guided GRPO Fine-Tuning of Large Language Models for Traffic Signal Control
Apr 28, 2026Chenbo YuLanguage Model-Based Control Intelligent Transportation Systems
National University of Singapore Singapore
LLM-Augmented Traffic Signal Control with LSTM-Based Traffic State Prediction and Safety-Constrained Decision Support
Apr 26, 2026Jiazhao ShiLanguage Model-Based Control Safety-Critical Control
Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY 11201, USA

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LUNA-AD: Lightweight Uncertainty-Aware Language Model with Lifelong Learning for Autonomous Driving

Ruoyu Yao, Pei Liu, Ruiguo Zhong, Mingxing Peng+2

The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), China

Continual Learning for LLMs Language Model-Based Control Continual Learning Autonomous Driving Planning Decision-Making under Uncertainty

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While large language models (LLMs) offer promising reasoning capabilities, their integration into safety-critical driving systems is hindered by limited reasoning diversity, high computational overhead, and static learning paradigms. To address these challenges, we propose LUNA-AD, a lightweight uncertainty-aware language model with lifelong learning for autonomous driving (AD). LUNA-AD features a tri-system architecture that reconciles complex multimodal behavioral reasoning, efficient deployment, and continual refinement. We design a multi-agent analytical system to generate uncertainty-aware decision-making demonstrations through diverse hypothesis exploration. A dual-head lightweight heuristic model is distilled to unify the inference of decision distributions and textual explanations while enabling efficient deployment. Furthermore, a reflection-driven lifelong learning mechanism operates on multimodal decision outputs and preserves strategic diversity, allowing for the refinement of candidate decisions and rationales via closed-loop feedback to enhance driving robustness. Extensive experiments on nuPlan benchmarks demonstrate that LUNA-AD achieves state-of-the-art success rates under both non-reactive and reactive modes, with drastically reduced inference latency compared to existing knowledge-driven AD frameworks.

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