Large Language Model Reasoning

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Large Language Model Reasoning

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VecCISC: Improving Confidence-Informed Self-Consistency with Reasoning Trace Clustering and Candidate Answer Selection
May 8, 2026James Petullo, Sonny George, Dylan Cashman +1Reasoning Traces Self-Consistency
Rubric-Grounded RL: Structured Judge Rewards for Generalizable Reasoning
May 8, 2026Manish Bhattarai, Ismael Boureima, Nishath Rajiv Ranasinghe +2Rubric-Based Reinforcement Learning Rubric Framework
CA-SQL: Complexity-Aware Inference Time Reasoning for Text-to-SQL via Exploration and Compute Budget Allocation
May 8, 2026James Petullo, Nianwen XueText-To-Sql Sql
Reason to Play: Behavioral and Brain Alignment Between Frontier LRMs and Human Game Learners
May 8, 2026Botos Csaba, Sreejan Kumar, Austin Tudor David Andrews +6Large Reasoning Models Entropy Regularized Reinforcement Learning
Abductive Reasoning with Probabilistic Commonsense
May 8, 2026Joseph Cotnareanu, Chiara Roverato, Han Zhou +3Abductive Reasoning Large Language Model Reasoning
CoCoReviewBench: A Completeness- and Correctness-Oriented Benchmark for AI Reviewers
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Melding LLM and temporal logic for reliable human-swarm collaboration in complex scenarios
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RelAgent: LLM Agents as Data Scientists for Relational Learning
May 8, 2026Xingyue Huang, Louis Tichelman, Jinwoo Kim +2Relational Deep Learning Table Reasoning Datasets
Tracing Uncertainty in Language Model "Reasoning"
May 8, 2026Nils Grünefeld, Bertram Højer, Philipp Mondorf +5Large Language Model Uncertainty Large Language Model Reasoning
SOD: Step-wise On-policy Distillation for Small Language Model Agents
May 8, 2026Qiyong Zhong, Mao Zheng, Mingyang Song +5On-Policy Distillation Large Language Model Reasoning
The Coupling Tax: How Shared Token Budgets Undermine Visible Chain-of-Thought Under Fixed Output Limits
May 8, 2026Wenhua Nie, Junlin Liu, Jianan Wu +5Chain-of-Thought Reasoning Efficient Chain-Of-Thought Reasoning
ExpThink: Experience-Guided Reinforcement Learning for Adaptive Chain-of-Thought Compression
May 8, 2026Tingcheng Bian, Yuzhe Zhang, Jing Jin +5Large Reasoning Models Thinking
Think-with-Rubrics: From External Evaluator to Internal Reasoning Guidance
May 8, 2026Jiachen Yu, Zhihao Xu, Junjie Wang +1Reasoning Traces
HTPO: Towards Exploration-Exploitation Balanced Policy Optimization via Hierarchical Token-level Objective Control
May 8, 2026Xincheng Yao, Ruoqi Li, Cheng Chen +4Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward Large Language Model Reasoning
Confidence-Aware Alignment Makes Reasoning LLMs More Reliable
May 8, 2026Kejia Chen, Jiawen Zhang, Yihong Wu +5Large Language Model Reasoning Robust Preference Optimization
RCoT-Seg: Reinforced Chain-of-Thought for Video Reasoning and Segmentation
May 8, 2026Junwei Wen, Deshui Miao, Guangming Lu +2Video Object Segmentation Video Temporal Grounding
CSR: Infinite-Horizon Real-Time Policies with Massive Cached State Representations
May 8, 2026Robin Karlsson, Go SuzuiEfficient Latent Reasoning Low-Latency Systems
Implicit Compression Regularization: Concise Reasoning via Internal Shorter Distributions in RL Post-Training
May 8, 2026Chen Wang, Hexuan Deng, Yining Zhang +5Reasoning Traces Regularization Techniques
LaTER: Efficient Test-Time Reasoning via Latent Exploration and Explicit Verification
May 8, 2026Xuan Li, Yining Wang, Yuchen Liu +7Efficient Latent Reasoning Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Rethinking Dense Sequential Chains: Reasoning Language Models Can Extract Answers from Sparse, Order-Shuffling Chain-of-Thoughts
May 8, 2026Yi-Chang Chen, Feng-Ting Liao, Da-shan Shiu +1Reasoning Chain Large Language Model Reasoning
From 0-Order Selection to 2-Order Judgment: Combinatorial Hardening Exposes Compositional Failures in Frontier LLMs
May 8, 2026Hanmeng Liu, Shichao Weng, Xiulai Liu +3Item Response Theory Table Reasoning Datasets
Star Elastic: Many-in-One Reasoning LLMs with Efficient Budget Control
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Beyond Reasoning: Reinforcement Learning Unlocks Parametric Knowledge in LLMs
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Structural Rationale Distillation via Reasoning Space Compression
May 8, 2026Jialin Yang, Jiankun Wang, Jiajun Wu +3Reasoning Paths Chain-Of-Thought Distillation
Adaptive Negative Reinforcement for LLM Reasoning:Dynamically Balancing Correction and Diversity in RLVR
May 8, 2026Yash Ingle, Jaival Chauhan, Ankit Yadav +1Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward Large Language Model Reasoning
Convergence and Emergence of In-Context Reinforcement Learning with Chain of Thought
May 8, 2026Zixuan Xie, Xinyu Liu, Rohan Chandra +1In-Context Learning Iterative Co-Training
GSM-SEM: Benchmark and Framework for Generating Semantically Variant Augmentations
May 8, 2026Jyotika Singh, Fang Tu, Aziza Mirsaidova +11Reasoning Benchmark Mathematical Reasoning
NSMQ Riddles: A Benchmark of Scientific and Mathematical Riddles for Quizzing Large Language Models
May 8, 2026George Boateng, Naafi Ibrahim, Samuel John +8Benchmarking Large Language Models Reasoning Benchmark
How Well Do LLMs Perform on the Simplest Long-Chain Reasoning Tasks: An Empirical Study on the Equivalence Class Problem
May 7, 2026Chun Zheng, Lianlong Wu, Bingqian Li +2Large Language Model Reasoning Large Reasoning Models
Extracting Search Trees from LLM Reasoning Traces Reveals Myopic Planning
May 7, 2026Sixing Chen, Ji-An Li, Saner Cakir +3Large Language Model Planning Large Language Model Reasoning
A Theory of Online Learning with Autoregressive Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
May 7, 2026Ilan Doron-Arad, Idan Mehalel, Elchanan MosselAutoregressive Generation Online Learning
Verifier-Backed Hard Problem Generation for Mathematical Reasoning
May 7, 2026Yuhang Lai, Jiazhan Feng, Yee Whye Teh +1Mathematical Reasoning Large Language Model Reasoning
Can RL Teach Long-Horizon Reasoning to LLMs? Expressiveness Is Key
May 7, 2026Tianle Wang, Zhaoyang Wang, Guangchen Lan +4Large Language Model Reasoning Deepmind Control Suite
Measuring Black-Box Confidence via Reasoning Trajectories: Geometry, Coverage, and Verbalization
May 7, 2026Marc Boubnovski Martell, Josefa Lia Stoisser, Kaspar Märtens +4Reasoning Trajectory Reasoning Benchmark
LatentRAG: Latent Reasoning and Retrieval for Efficient Agentic RAG
May 7, 2026Yijia Zheng, Marcel WorringRetrieval-Augmented Generation Systems Efficient Latent Reasoning
Rethinking RL for LLM Reasoning: It's Sparse Policy Selection, Not Capability Learning
May 7, 2026Ömer Faruk Akgül, Rajgopal Kannan, Willie Neiswanger +1Large Language Model Reasoning
Joint Consistency: A Unified Test-Time Aggregation Framework via Energy Minimization
May 7, 2026Yunzhen Yao, Hongye Wang, Yahong Wang +3Test Time Reasoning Benchmark
OPSD Compresses What RLVR Teaches: A Post-RL Compaction Stage for Reasoning Models
May 7, 2026Jaehoon Kim, Dongha LeeUnsupervised On-Policy Self-Distillation On-Policy Distillation
Pest-Thinker: Learning to Think and Reason like Entomologists via Reinforcement Learning
May 7, 2026Xueheng Li, Yu Wang, Tao Hu +6Agricultural Landscapes Bees
Policy-Guided Stepwise Model Routing for Cost-Effective Reasoning
May 7, 2026Wenwen Si, Insup Lee, Osbert BastaniInference Cost Chain-of-Thought Reasoning
Novelty-based Tree-of-Thought Search for LLM Reasoning and Planning
May 7, 2026Leon Hamm, Zlatan AjanovicTree-Of-Thoughts Large Language Model Planning
Strat-LLM: Stratified Strategy Alignment for LLM-based Stock Trading with Real-time Multi-Source Signals
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Think, then Score: Decoupled Reasoning and Scoring for Video Reward Modeling
May 7, 2026Yuan Wang, Ouxiang Li, Yulong Xu +8Large-Scale Video Generation Models Scoring
Logic-Regularized Verifier Elicits Reasoning from LLMs
May 7, 2026Xinyu Wang, Changzhi Sun, Lian Cheng +4Large Language Model Reasoning Verifier
ReFlect: An Effective Harness System for Complex Long-Horizon LLM Reasoning
May 7, 2026Fan HuangLarge Language Model Reasoning Reflections
Chain of Risk: Safety Failures in Large Reasoning Models and Mitigation via Adaptive Multi-Principle Steering
May 7, 2026Xiaomin Li, Jianheng Hou, Zheyuan Deng +6Large Language Model Safety Large Reasoning Models
Formalizing Latent Thoughts: Four Axioms of Thought Representation in LLMs
May 7, 2026Fahd Seddik, Fatemeh FardLatent Thoughts Axiom
Text-Graph Synergy: A Bidirectional Verification and Completion Framework for RAG
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Nonsense Helps: Prompt Space Perturbation Broadens Reasoning Exploration
May 7, 2026Langlin Huang, Chengsong Huang, Jinyuan Li +3Large Language Model Reasoning Reinforcement Learning With Verifiable Reward
BitCal-TTS: Bit-Calibrated Test-Time Scaling for Quantized Reasoning Models
May 7, 2026Sai Babu Patarlapalli, Surya Teja AvvaruConfidence Estimation Test-Time Scaling
Anatomy of a Query: W5H Dimensions and FAR Patterns for Text-to-SQL Evaluation
May 7, 2026Vicki Stover Hertzberg, Eduardo Valverde, Joyce C. HoText-To-Sql Complex Query Answering
ReaComp: Compiling LLM Reasoning into Symbolic Solvers for Efficient Program Synthesis
May 6, 2026Atharva Naik, Yash Mathur, Prakam +2Mock-Interface Synthesis Large Language Model Reasoning
BALAR : A Bayesian Agentic Loop for Active Reasoning
May 6, 2026Aymen Echarghaoui, Dongxia Wu, Emily B. FoxLarge Language Model Reasoning Multi-Turn Interactions
Think-Aloud Reshapes Automated Cognitive Model Discovery Beyond Behavior
May 6, 2026Hanbo Xie, Akshay K. Jagadish, Lan Pan +1Cognitive Science Large Reasoning Models
UFAL-CUNI at SemEval-2026 Task 11: An Efficient Modular Neuro-symbolic Method for Syllogistic Reasoning
May 6, 2026Ivan Kartáč, Kristýna Onderková, Jan Bronec +3Neuro-Symbolic Framework Large Language Model Reasoning
NoisyCoconut: Counterfactual Consensus via Latent Space Reasoning
May 6, 2026Michael Jerge, David EvansLarge Language Model Reasoning Efficient Latent Reasoning
Strat-Reasoner: Reinforcing Strategic Reasoning of LLMs in Multi-Agent Games
May 6, 2026Yidong He, Yutao Lai, Pengxu Yang +4Multi-Agent Systems Deep Reinforcement Learning
Cognitive Twins: Investigating Personalized Thinking Model Building and Its Performance Enhancement with Human-in-the-Loop
May 6, 2026Wu-Yuin Hwang, Nur Alif Ilyasa, Muhammad Irfan Luthfi +1Large Reasoning Models Learners
Pen-Strategist: A Reasoning Framework for Penetration Testing Strategy Formation and Analysis
May 6, 2026Yasod Ginige, Pasindu Marasinghe, Sajal Jain +1Penetration Testing Cybersecurity
Can LLMs Emulate Human Belief Dynamics?
May 5, 2026Adiba Mahbub Proma, Neeley Pate, James N. Druckman +3User Simulation Belief

May 8, 2026 · cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

VecCISC: Improving Confidence-Informed Self-Consistency with Reasoning Trace Clustering and Candidate Answer Selection

James Petullo, Sonny George, Dylan Cashman, Nianwen Xue

Computer Science Department, Brandeis University

A standard technique for scaling inference-time reasoning is Self-Consistency, whereby multiple candidate answers are sampled from an LLM and the most common answer is selected. More recently, it has been shown that weighted majority voting (e.g. Confidence-Informed Self Consistency (CISC)), which assigns a confidence value to each candidate answer and chooses the answer with the largest accumulated score, tends to be more accurate on a wide range of popular benchmarks. In practice, weighted majority voting necessitates calling a critic LLM on each candidate's reasoning trace to produce the answer's confidence score. This secondary series of LLM calls greatly increases the overhead and cost of weighted majority voting, despite its potential performance benefits. To reduce this expense, we propose VecCISC, a lightweight, adaptive framework that uses a measure of semantic similarity to filter reasoning traces that are semantically equivalent to others, degenerate, or hallucinated, thus decreasing the number of candidate answers that must be evaluated by the critic. To ensure adequate experimental thoroughness, we evaluate VecCISC on five challenging, widely-adopted datasets spanning the domains of mathematics, chemistry, biology, commonsense reasoning, and the humanities. Our results demonstrate that VecCISC reduces the total token usage by 47%, while maintaining or exceeding the accuracy of CISC.

Reasoning Traces Self-Consistency

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