Medical Diagnosis

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Overview

Medical diagnosis studies how to combine symptoms, records, laboratory tests, medical images, physiological signals, and molecular data to identify disease and support clinical decisions. Methods range from conventional machine learning and deep models such as CNNs and graph networks to multimodal foundation models, retrieval-augmented language models, and agents that ask questions or request tests as evidence accumulates. Systems are evaluated on tasks including image and signal classification, electronic-record prediction, and conversational diagnosis, using resources such as MIMIC and ADNI alongside disease-specific and external-site cohorts. A central challenge is that strong benchmark results may not transfer to real clinics, where data are incomplete or shifted and models must provide calibrated, evidence-grounded recommendations without worsening bias or unsafe decisions.

Latest papers

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263 papers26 papers in the last four weeks, down 13% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. ClinicalAgents: Multi-Agent Orchestration for Clinical Decision Making with Dual-Memory

    Mar 27, 2026Zhuohan Ge, Haoyang Li, Yubo Wang +3Clinical Decision-MakingMulti-Agent LLM Systems

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China

  2. SkinGPT-X: A Self-Evolving Collaborative Multi-Agent System for Transparent and Trustworthy Dermatological Diagnosis

    Mar 27, 2026Zhangtianyi Chen, Yuhao Shen, Florensia Widjaja +6Medical DiagnosisDermatology

    School of Data Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Department of Dermatology, Tianjin Institute of Integrative Dermatology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin 300120, China · Department of Dermatology, Beijing AnZhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100029, China..

  3. CORA: Generalizable coronary artery disease assessment and risk stratification from coronary CT angiography using pathology-centric representation learning

    Mar 25, 2026Jinkui Hao, Gorkem Durak, Halil Ertugrul Aktas +4Synthetic Data PretrainingCoronary Angiography

    Department of Radiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA · Department of Cardiology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA +1

  4. Retinal Layer Segmentation in OCT Images With 2.5D Cross-slice Feature Fusion Module for Glaucoma Assessment

    Mar 25, 2026Hyunwoo Kim, Heesuk Kim, Wungrak Choi +1Glaucoma DetectionMedical Image Segmentation

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea · Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, South Korea

  5. AD-Reasoning: Multimodal Guideline-Guided Reasoning for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis

    Mar 25, 2026Qiuhui Chen, Yushan Deng, Xuancheng Yao +1Alzheimer's Disease ClassificationMedical Diagnosis

    School of Information Science and Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China · School of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  6. Adapting Self-Supervised Speech Representations for Cross-lingual Dysarthria Detection in Parkinson's Disease

    Mar 23, 2026Abner Hernandez, Eunjung Yeo, Kwanghee Choi +12Self-Supervised Speech Representation LearningDomain Adaptation

    1FAU Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany · 2UT Austin, USA · 3CMU, USA +5

  7. Guideline-grounded retrieval-augmented generation for ophthalmic clinical decision support

    Mar 23, 2026Shuying Chen, Sen Cui, Zhong CaoMultimodal RAGRetrieval-Augmented Generation

    School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of International Business and Economics Beijing, China · Tsinghua University Beijing, China · Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Heidelberg University Heidelberg, Germany

  8. PPGL-Swarm: Integrated Multimodal Risk Stratification and Hereditary Syndrome Detection in Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma

    Mar 23, 2026Zelin Liu, Xiangfu Yu, Jie Huang +6Medical DiagnosisClinical Risk Prediction

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University · The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Ruijin Hospital +1

  9. Clinical Cognition Alignment for Gastrointestinal Diagnosis with Multimodal LLMs

    Mar 21, 2026Huan Zheng, Yucheng Zhou, Tianyi Yan +6EndoscopyMedical Diagnosis

    SKL-IOTSC, CIS, University of Macau · 2Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 3COWARobot Co. Ltd. +1

  10. CFCML: A Coarse-to-Fine Crossmodal Learning Framework For Disease Diagnosis Using Multimodal Images and Tabular Data

    Mar 20, 2026Tianling Liu, Hongying Liu, Fanhua Shang +3Cross-Modal LearningMultimodal Classification

    College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. · Medical School of Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China. · Peng Cheng Lab, Shenzhen 518055, China. +3

  11. Gastric-X: A Multimodal Multi-Phase Benchmark Dataset for Advancing Vision-Language Models in Gastric Cancer Analysis

    Mar 19, 2026Sheng Lu, Hao Chen, Rui Yin +3Medical VLMsMedical Image Benchmarks

    Ruijin Hospital · University of Cambridge · Nanjing First Hospital +2

  12. Deep Learning-Based Airway Segmentation in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (SLE-ILD): A Comparative High-Resolution CT Analysis

    Mar 18, 2026Sirong Piao, Ying Ming, Ruijie Zhao +11Medical Diagnosis

    Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China · Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China. · Research and Development Center +3

  13. IOSVLM: A 3D Vision-Language Model for Unified Dental Diagnosis from Intraoral Scans

    Mar 17, 2026Huimin Xiong, Zijie Meng, Tianxiang Hu +33D VLMsMedical VLMs

    ZJU-UIUC Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining, 314400, China · Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China · Angelalign Research Institute, Angel Align Inc., Shanghai, 200011, China

  14. A Hybrid AI and Rule-Based Decision Support System for Disease Diagnosis and Management Using Labs

    Mar 16, 2026Muhammad Hammad Maqsood, Mubashir Sajid, Khubaib Ahmed +2Clinical Decision SupportMedical Diagnosis

    CureMD Research, 80 Pine St 21st Floor, New York, NY 10005, United States

  15. Exploring Subnetwork Interactions in Heterogeneous Brain Network via Prior-Informed Graph Learning

    Mar 13, 2026Siyu Liu, Guangqi Wen, Peng Cao +4Brain Network AnalysisFunctional Connectivity

    Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image of Ministry of Education, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China +5

  16. A Discordance-Aware Multimodal Framework with Multi-Agent Clinical Reasoning

    Mar 12, 2026Pegah Ahadian, Mingrui Yang, Sixu Chen +2Clinical Outcome PredictionMedical Diagnosis

    Department of Computer Science, Kent State University, Ohio, USA · Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic, Ohio, USA

  17. Cough activity detection for automatic tuberculosis screening

    Mar 11, 2026Joshua Jansen van Vüren, Devendra Singh Parihar, Daphne Naidoo +4Medical DiagnosisRespiratory Sound Classification

    Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa · DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa · Faculty of Business and Economics, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany +1

  18. Emulating Clinician Cognition via Self-Evolving Deep Clinical Research

    Mar 11, 2026Ruiyang Ren, Yuhao Wang, Yunsen Liang +8Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    Gaoling School of Artificial Intelligence, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China. · Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China. · Baidu Inc., Beijing, China. +2

  19. Human-AI Co-reasoning for Clinical Diagnosis with Evidence-Integrated Language Agent

    Mar 11, 2026Zhongzhen Huang, Yan Ling, Hong Chen +7Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Department of Endocrinology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China +3

  20. Joint Imaging-ROI Representation Learning via Cross-View Contrastive Alignment for Brain Disorder Classification

    Mar 10, 2026Wei Liang, Lifang HeBrain Disorder ClassificationNeuroimaging

    Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA, USA

  21. BrainSTR: Spatio-Temporal Contrastive Learning for Interpretable Dynamic Brain Network Modeling

    Mar 10, 2026Guiliang Guo, Guangqi Wen, Lingwen Liu +6Dynamic Functional ConnectivityBrain Network Analysis

    Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China · Graduate School of Information, Production and Systems, Waseda University, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan +3

  22. Learning the Hierarchical Organization in Brain Network for Brain Disorder Diagnosis

    Mar 10, 2026Jingfeng Tang, Peng Cao, Guangqi Wen +3Brain Disorder ClassificationBrain Network Analysis

    Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China · School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China · AiShiWeiLai AI Research, Beijing, China +1

  23. Enhancing the Detection of Coronary Artery Disease Using Machine Learning

    Mar 6, 2026Karan Kumar Singh, Nikita Gajbhiye, Gouri Sankar MishraMedical DiagnosisClinical Prediction

    Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sharda University, Greater Noida, India

  24. Machine Learning for analysis of Multiple Sclerosis cross-tissue bulk and single-cell transcriptomics data

    Mar 5, 2026Francesco Massafra, Samuele Punzo, Silvia Giulia Galfré +8Medical DiagnosisGenomics

    Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy. · Department of Computer Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy · Laboratorio InfoLife, Consorzio Interuniversitario Nazionale per l’Informatica, Rome, Italy +2

  25. MedCoRAG: Interpretable Hepatology Diagnosis via Hybrid Evidence Retrieval and Multispecialty Consensus

    Mar 5, 2026Zheng Li, Jiayi Xu, Zhikai Hu +4Medical DiagnosisClinical Decision Support

    School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University, Changchun, 130015, China · Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China +2

  26. LUMINA: Laplacian-Unifying Mechanism for Interpretable Neurodevelopmental Analysis via Quad-Stream GCN

    Mar 5, 2026Minkyung Cha, Jooyoung Bae, Jaewon Jung +3GNN OversmoothingGraph Neural Networks

    Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · NVIDIA AI Technology Center HK, Hong Kong

  27. KindSleep: Knowledge-Informed Diagnosis of Obstructive Sleep Apnea from Oximetry

    Mar 5, 2026Micky C Nnamdi, Wenqi Shi, Cheng Wan +4Medical DiagnosisClinical Prediction

    Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA · UT Southwestern Medical Center Dallas, Texas, USA · Shriners Children’s Chicago, Illinois, USA

  28. MIND: Unified Inquiry and Diagnosis RL with Criteria Grounded Clinical Supports for Psychiatric Consultation

    Mar 4, 2026Guoyi Li, Shihao Xu, Jiatong Ma +4HealthcareEvidence-Grounded Reasoning

    EverMind AI Inc., California, USA · Venus Team, Ant Group · Tianqiao and Chrissy Chen Institute, Shanghai, China +3

  29. MedCollab: IBIS-Guided Multi-Agent Collaboration with Hierarchical Disease Relation Chains for Clinical Diagnosis

    Mar 1, 2026Yuqi Zhan, Xinyue Wu, Tianyu Lin +6Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMedical Report Generation

    Hangzhou Dianzi University · Zhejiang University · Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Children and Adolescents’ Health and Diseases

  30. CURE: A Multimodal Benchmark for Clinical Understanding and Retrieval Evaluation

    Feb 28, 2026Yannian Gu, Zhongzhen Huang, Linjie Mu +3Clinical Language Model EvaluationMultimodal Model Evaluation

    Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · SenseTime Research, China · Shanghai Innovation Institute, Shanghai, China