Large Language Model Backbones

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9 papers in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. Topology-Conditioned Backdoors: Language Models That Insert Vulnerabilities When They Infer They Are in a Multi-Agent System

    Oct 5, 2026Keegan Wang, Anantika MannbyLarge Language Model Backbones

    Carnegie Mellon University Prosaic Intelligence · University of Southern California Prosaic Intelligence

  2. Beyond Memory: Harnessing Long-Horizon Agents with Explicit Belief States

    Oct 1, 2026Yu Luo, Jiamin Jiang, Yimin Zuo +9Long-Horizon AgentsLong-Horizon Task Planning

    Nankai University · Alibaba Group · Tsinghua University

  3. Match the Distribution, Not the Compute: Post-Training Multi-Token Prediction Heads

    Oct 1, 2026Prachi Badarayani, Aidan Jay, Chenghui Zhou +8Multi-Token PredictionPost-Training

    Microsoft

  4. SKILLLITE: Evidence-Guided Malicious Skill Auditing with Compact LLMs

    Sep 29, 2026Haoran Ou, Gelei Deng, Xuanye Zhang +3Malicious AgentsSkills

    Nanyang Technological University

  5. MAADBench: The Refreshable Paradigm for Anomaly Detection in Multi-Agent Systems

    Sep 29, 2026Lei Ma, Dennis Hofmann, Haowen Xu +4Multimodal Anomaly DetectionAgentic Benchmarks

    Worcester Polytechnic Institute · University of Arizona

  6. ZeroGAR: Benchmarking the Adversarial Robustness of Zero-Shot Graph Models

    Sep 27, 2026Zhongjian Zhang, Xiao Wang, Busheng Zhang +5Zero-Shot RobustnessLLM Defense Mechanisms

    Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Beihang University · Tsinghua University +2

  7. Not Too Hard, Not Too Easy: Learning from Intermediate States for LLM Structured Reasoning

    Sep 27, 2026Hongbo Chen, Guohua Lu, Ting Dang +1LLM Reasoning StrategiesIntermediate States

    University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand · University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  8. Multi-modal Knowledge Preserving Adapter for Embedding Backward Compatibility

    Sep 15, 2026Jaeseok Byun, Gukyeong Kwon, Han-Kai Hsu +4Multimodal EmbeddingsLarge Language Model Adaptation

    1Seoul National University, South Korea · 2Amazon AGI, USA

  9. Parameter-Efficient Adaptation of Pretrained Language Models for Time-Series Forecasting

    Sep 14, 2026Tamanna Kumavat, Georg Brunner, Kyriakos FlourisForecasting BackboneTime Series Forecasting

    University of Zurich, Switzerland · Computer Vision Laboratory, ETH Zurich, Switzerland · MRC Biostatistics Unit, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom

  10. EMR: Self-Evolving Medical Multi-Agent System via Experience Mining and Reuse

    Sep 14, 2026Dongsheng Shi, Yue Li, Xin Yi +1Clinical Reasoning TrainingElectronic Health Records

    East China Normal University · City University of Hong Kong

  11. CRAFT: LLM-Based Iterative Refinement for Temporal Reasoning over Clinical Narratives

    Aug 13, 2026Chengyang He, Tahreem Arif, Marko Zivkovic +3Temporal ReasoningPatient Trajectories

    Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, 07030, USA · Genesis Research Group, Hoboken, NJ, 07030,USA · New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA

  12. CARVE: Cross-Slice Anisotropic Reallocation of Visual Evidence for Efficient 3D Medical Volume Understanding

    Aug 5, 2026Zhenyu Yi, Qiang Hu, Zhenhao Li +3Medical Visual Question AnsweringVisual Evidence

    School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · 2Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology

  13. An Actionable Diagnosis of Multilingual, Multi-Agent Planning Failures

    Aug 4, 2026Vikas Pahuja, Jonathan Brokman, Omer Hofman +6Multilingual AgentsLarge Language Model Planning

    Fujitsu Research of Europe · Cohere · Fujitsu Research

  14. AgentAntibody: An Adaptive Immune System for Defending LLM Agents against Prompt Injection

    Aug 4, 2026Shihao Weng, Yang Feng, Xiaofei Xie +1Multi-Llm AgentsPrompt Engineering

    Nanjing University · Singapore Management University · Nanyang Technological University

  15. SkillTrace: Traversing a Query-Skill Graph for Composable LLM Agents

    Aug 3, 2026Yue Yao, Shengyuan Wang, Xin Chen +4SkillsLarge Language Model Agents

    Shandong University · The Australian National University · Tsinghua University +1

  16. When Does LLM Orchestration Pay Off? A Controlled Evaluation of Accuracy, Cost, and Task Difficulty

    Aug 1, 2026Nicolas Leins, Nico Pelleriti, Jana Gonnermann-Müller +1Large Language Model WorkflowsInference Cost

    Zuse Institute Berlin & TU Berlin, Berlin, Germany · Zuse Institute Berlin & Weizenbaum Institute Berlin, Berlin, Germany

  17. AdaMTP: An Adaptive Training Paradigm for Multi-Token Prediction

    Aug 1, 2026Ziqiang Cui, Han Shi, Bowei He +8Multi-Token PredictionLarge Language Model Backbones

    City University of Hong Kong · Huawei Technologies · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence +2

  18. PAIChecker: Uncovering and Checking PR-Issue Misalignment in SWE-Bench-Like Benchmarks

    Jul 30, 2026Manyi Wang, Junjielong Xu, Pinjia HeSwe-Bench VerifiedMisalignment Persona

    The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen

  19. Beyond Frame Selection: Generative Latent Evidence Aggregation for Long-Video Understanding

    Jul 30, 2026Bowen Liu, Shuning Wang, Xinpeng Ding +3Large Language Model Backbones

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Alibaba Group · Xidian University +1

  20. VeriSkill: A Self-Evolution Framework for Program Verification Skills

    Jul 30, 2026Changguo Jia, Tianqi Zhao, Zhiyou Xiao +2Skill EvolutionSkills

    Peking University, Beijing, China · Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China

  21. Architectural Backdoors in Vision-Language Model Supply Chains via Representation Steering

    Jul 28, 2026Maria Rosaria Briglia, Igor Maljkovic, Antonio Emanuele Cinà +3Vision-Language Foundation ModelsLarge Language Model Backbones

    Sapienza University of Rome, Italy · University of Genoa, Italy · University of Trieste, Italy +1

  22. IssueTrojanBench: Benchmarking AI Coding Agents Against Malicious Issue Requests

    Jul 22, 2026Ankur Singh, Jinqiu Yang, Tse-Hsun ChenCoding AgentsVulnerable Code

    Concordia University Montr´eal, Canada

  23. Stochastic Meta-Unlearning: Bridging Language Backbone and Multimodal Unlearning

    Jul 21, 2026Zijie Liu, Jinhao Duan, Gaowen Liu +2Large Language Model UnlearningUnlearnable Examples

    UNC at Chapel Hill · Cisco Research · Michigan State University

  24. SmartRAG: Native Graph-Based RAG for Mobile Device

    Jul 16, 2026Zhihan Jiang, Meng Li, Shenghao Liu +5Graph-Based Retrieval Augmented GenerationMulti-Hop Reasoning

    1Nanjing University · 2HUST · 3Southeast University

  25. Cross-Layer Misalignment Detection in Agent Skills: A Progressive Loading-Aware Contrastive Learning Approach

    Jul 12, 2026Chengjun Zhang, Yang Gao, Jianna Hur +2Large Language Model AlignmentCross-Layer Interactions

    Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington, Indiana, USA

  26. Rethinking Small VLM Quantization: From Component-Wise Analysis to Hardware-Aware Edge Deployment

    Jul 9, 2026Hyeju Shin, Chorwon Kim, Ryangsoo Kim +2Large Language Model QuantizationQuantized

    1ETRI, Republic of Korea.

  27. When Agents Go Rogue: Activation-Based Detection of Malicious Behaviors in Multi-Agent Systems

    Jul 7, 2026Haowen Xu, Xue Tan, Lei Ma +6Malicious AgentsLarge Language Model Backbones

    Department of Computer Science, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, MA, USA · School of Computer Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China · Institute of Big Data, Fudan University, Shanghai, China +1

  28. Curvature-Guided Module Localization for Low-Rank Detoxification of Backdoored Large Language Models

    Jun 29, 2026Arash Raftari, Mehrdad Mahdavi, Nathan Blackthorn +1Large Language Model BackbonesDetoxification

    AIVault Inc. Orlando, USA

  29. FlipGuard: Defending Large Language Models Against Quantization-Conditioned Backdoor Attacks

    Jun 27, 2026Aoying Zheng, Anqi Du, Zizhuang Deng +1Large Language Model BackbonesLLM Defense Mechanisms

    School of Cyber Science and Technology Shandong University · Suzhou Research Institute of Shandong University

  30. Closing the Quality Gap in Low-Resource Text-to-Speech: LoRA Fine-Tuning of VoxCPM2 for Khmer and Korean

    Jun 25, 2026Phannet Pov, Hyun Woo Park, Voneat Pen +3Flow-Matching Text-To-SpeechLarge Language Model Adaptation

    Department of Big Data, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea · Institute of Digital Research and Innovation, Cambodia Academy of Digital Technology, Phnom Penh, Cambodia · Department of Management Information Systems, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea +1

  31. BitNet Text Embeddings

    Jun 24, 2026Zhen Li, Xin Huang, Liang Wang +8Text EmbeddingsEmbedder

    Peking University · Microsoft Research

  32. SCOPE: Sequential Conformal Probing for Reliable OOD Rejection in LLM Services

    Jun 19, 2026Zhuoyun Li, Boxuan Wang, Changshun Wu +2Out-Of-DistributionLarge Language Model Backbones

    School of Computer Science and Informatics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom

  33. Uncertainty Decomposition for Clarification Seeking in LLM Agents

    Jun 17, 2026Gregory MatsnevLarge Language Model UncertaintyClarification

    AI Talent Hub, ITMO University Saint Petersburg 197101, Russia

  34. Rescaling MLM-Head for Neural Sparse Retrieval

    Jun 17, 2026Youngjoon Jang, Seongtae Hong, Jonah Turner +1Retrieval LayerLarge Language Model Backbones

    Korea University Seoul, South Korea · Independent Seoul, South Korea

  35. Iterating Toward Better Search: A Two-Agent Simulation Framework for Evaluating Agentic Search Architectures in E-Commerce

    Jun 11, 2026Jetlir Duraj, Jayanth Yetukuri, Shuang Zhou +4Agentic CommerceMulti-Agent Simulations

    eBay Inc.

  36. Dummy Backdoor as a Defense: Removing Unknown Backdoors via Shared Internal Mechanisms for Generative LLMs

    Jun 10, 2026Kazuki Iwahana, Masaru Matsubayashi, Takuma Koyama +3Attacker Large Language ModelLarge Language Model Backbones

    1NTT Social Informatics Laboratories · 2Tohoku University

  37. CLP: Collocation-Length Prediction for Zero-Loss Adaptive Multi-Token Inference

    Jun 9, 2026Xuezhen Xie, Zhiqiang ZhouMulti-Token PredictionLLM Inference Optimization

  38. Closing the Prior-Posterior Loop: Self-Reflective Molecular Design with Analysis-Driven LLM Iteration

    Jun 8, 2026Junyi Gong, Zijie Qiu, Ben Zhong TangMolecular DesignLarge Language Model Backbones

    Faculty of Chemistry, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University · School of Science and Engineering, Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen) · Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology

  39. Shared Latent Structures Enable Unified Backdoor Detection and Mitigation in LLMs

    Jun 6, 2026Omar Mahmoud, Aly M. Kassem, Thommen George Karimpanal +4Large Language Model BackbonesLatent Variable

    Applied Artificial Intelligence Initiative, Deakin University, Australia · Mila, Quebec AI Institute, Quebec, Canada · School of Information Technology, Deakin University, Australia +1

  40. Learning Design Skills as Memory Policies for Agentic Photonic Inverse Design

    May 28, 2026Shengchao Chen, Ting Shu, Sufen RenNanophotonicInverse Design

    AAII, University of Technology Sydney · School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen University · School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University

  41. CP-Agent: A Calibrated Risk-Controlled Agent for Feedback-Driven Competitive Programming

    May 23, 2026Peisong Wang, Bowen Liu, Zehua Li +4Raw Judge OutputsCp-Agent

    The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou) Guangzhou, China

  42. Found in Conversation: LLMs Teach Themselves to Close the Multi-Turn Gap

    May 23, 2026Tianlang Chen, Shirley Wu, Jure LeskovecMulti-Turn Large Language Model ConversationsConversational Context

    Stanford

  43. DIVE: Embedding Compression via Self-Limiting Gradient Updates

    May 20, 2026Dongfang ZhaoTask-Aware CompressionData Compression Methods

  44. Conflict-Resilient Multi-Agent Reasoning via Signed Graph Modeling

    May 19, 2026Longgang He, Longzhu He, Daojing He +1Multi-Agent ReasoningGraph Representations

    Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen) · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications

  45. CasualSynth: Generating Structurally Sound Synthetic Data

    May 17, 2026Zehua Cheng, Wei Dai, Jiahao Sun +1Synthetic DataLocal Causal Structures

    Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford · FLock.io United Kingdom · Institute of Logic and Computation, TU Wien

  46. EntropyScan: Towards Model-level Backdoor Detection in LVLMs via Visual Attention Entropy

    May 15, 2026Xuanyu Ge, Zhongqi Wang, Jie Zhang +2Clean Label Backdoor AttackLarge Language Model Backbones

    China University of Geosciences · University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences

  47. MetaBackdoor: Exploiting Positional Encoding as a Backdoor Attack Surface in LLMs

    May 14, 2026Rui Wen, Mark Russinovich, Andrew Paverd +2Fewer Surprising BackdoorsAttacker Large Language Model

    Institute of Science Tokyo · 2Microsoft Azure · 3Microsoft Security Response Center

  48. Latency-Quality Routing for Functionally Equivalent Tools in LLM Agents

    May 14, 2026Kexin Chu, Dawei Xiang, Wei ZhangLarge Language Model RoutingLarge Language Model Tool Use

    University of Connecticut

  49. Efficient and Adaptive Human Activity Recognition via LLM Backbones

    May 12, 2026Aleksandr Bredikhin, Philippe Lalanda, German VegaHuman Activity RecognitionLarge Language Model Backbones

    Univ. Grenoble Alpes, France

  50. BadSKP: Backdoor Attacks on Knowledge Graph-Enhanced LLMs with Soft Prompts

    May 12, 2026Xiaoting Lyu, Yufei Han, Hangwei Qian +6Attacker Large Language ModelLarge Language Model Backbones

    Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi’an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China · INRIA, 35042, Rennes, Bretagne, France · CFAR, A*STAR, 138632, Singapore +4

  51. Test-Time Compute for Frozen Embedding Models through Agentic Program Search

    May 12, 2026Han XiaoTest TimeFrozen Encoder

    Jina AI by Elastic

  52. On Problems of Implicit Context Compression for Software Engineering Agents

    May 11, 2026Kirill Gelvan, Igor Slinko, Felix Steinbauer +3Context LengthLarge Language Model Backbones

    JetBrains Research · Technical University of Munich, Germany

  53. Personalizing LLMs with Binary Feedback: A Preference-Corrected Optimization Framework

    May 11, 2026Xilai Ma, Liye Zhao, Weijun Yao +3Large Language Model PersonalizationPersonalization

    Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, China · Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. · Nanyang Technological University

  54. Trust or Abstain? A Self-Aware RAG Approach

    May 11, 2026Xi Zhu, Ziqi Wang, Kai Mei +5Large Language Model ReliabilityLarge Language Model Backbones

    Rutgers University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

  55. Stealthy Backdoor Attacks against LLMs Based on Natural Style Triggers

    Apr 23, 2026Jiali Wei, Ming Fan, Guoheng Sun +3Attacker Large Language ModelClean Label Backdoor Attack

    School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China · Ministry of Education Key Lab for Intelligent Networks and Network Security, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China

  56. LLaDA2.0-Uni: Unifying Multimodal Understanding and Generation with Diffusion Large Language Model

    Apr 22, 2026Inclusion AI, Tiwei Bie, Haoxing Chen +15Diffusion Language ModelsMultimodal Understanding

    AGI Research Center, Inclusion AI

  57. Aligning Backchannel and Dialogue Context Representations via Contrastive LLM Fine-Tuning

    Apr 17, 2026Livia Qian, Gabriel SkantzeDialogue BenchmarksLarge Language Model Backbones

    Department for Speech, Music and Hearing KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

  58. ScheMatiQ: From Research Question to Structured Data through Interactive Schema Discovery

    Apr 10, 2026Shahar Levy, Eliya Habba, Reshef Mintz +3SchemaScholar Information Database

    School of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem · Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem · Allen Institute for AI

  59. BrepLLM: Enabling Large Language Models to Understand Boundary Representations

    Dec 18, 2025Liyuan Deng, Hao Guo, Yongkang Dai +5Large Language Model BackbonesBoundaries

    Northwestern Polytechnical University · National University of Singapore · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology +1

  60. Breaking the Code: Security Assessment of AI Code Agents Through Systematic Jailbreaking Attacks

    Oct 1, 2025Shoumik Saha, Jifan Chen, Sam Mayers +3Jailbreak AttacksSecurity Evaluation

    University of Maryland – College Park · AWS AI Labs · Meta Superintelligence Labs