Causal

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Causal Reasoning

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Covariate Shift

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Causal Foundation Models

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Causal Inferences

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Causal Graph

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Structural Causal Model

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Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

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Latent Confounders

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Treatment

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Propensity

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Causal Representation Learning

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Causal Intervention

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Trading Complexity for Expressivity Through Structured Generalized Linear Token Mixing
May 29, 2026Erwan Fagnou, Paul Caillon, Blaise Delattre +1Expressivity Long-Range Temporal Dependencies
Formalizing and falsifying causal pathways of rare events
May 29, 2026Anahita Haghighat, Dominik JanzingStructural Causal Model Causal Reasoning
From Local Geometry to Global Pseudo Labeling for Robust Positive Unlabeled Learning under Covariate Shift
May 29, 2026Firas Gabetni, Alexandre Rocchi Henry, Nacim Belkhir +2Positive--Unlabeled Learning Pseudo-Labeling
TabCausal: Pretraining Across Causal Environments for Tabular Causal Discovery
May 29, 2026Zi-Rong Li, Si-Yang Liu, Tian-Zuo Wang +1Causal Foundation Models Causal Reasoning
DisasterLex: An Expert Concept-to-Schema Knowledge Graph for Geospatial Reasoning in Disaster Analytics
May 28, 2026Yiming Xiao, Ankit Basu, Kai Yin +3Disasters Knowledge Graphs
MAAT: Multi-phase Adapter-Aware Targeted Unlearning
May 28, 2026Suryash Yagnik, Shubham Gaur, Saksham Thakur +3Causal Reasoning Reasoning Benchmark
YoCausal: How Far is Video Generation from World Model? A Causality Perspective
May 28, 2026You-Zhe Xie, Yu-Hsuan Li, Jie-Ying Lee +3Causal Reasoning World Models
Improved Guarantees for Heterogeneous Treatment-Effect Estimation via Matrix Completion
May 28, 2026Anay Mehrotra, Phuc Tran, Van H. Vu +1Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Tensor Completion
minWM: A Full-Stack Open-Source Framework for Real-Time Interactive Video World Models
May 28, 2026Min Zhao, Hongzhou Zhu, Bokai Yan +9Video World Models Real-Time Systems
Test Time Training for Supervised Causal Learning
May 28, 2026Zizhen Deng, Jiaru Zhang, Rui Ding +5Causal Foundation Models Supervised Learning
Causal Interventions on Continuous Variables: A Case Study on Verb Bias in Steering Vectors for In-Context Learning
May 28, 2026Zhenghao Herbert Zhou, R. Thomas McCoy, Robert FrankCausal Intervention Activation Steering
Mitigating Stethoscope-Induced Shortcuts in Respiratory Sound Classification under Federated Domain Generalization with Causality-Inspired Interventions
May 28, 2026Heejoon Koo, Yoon Tae Kim, Miika Toikkanen +1Respiratory Sound Classification Multimodal Domain Generalization
Realistic honeypot evaluations for scheming propensity
May 28, 2026Victoria Krakovna, David Lindner, Lewis Ho +2Agentic Evaluations Honeypots
Predicting Causal Effects from Natural Language Queries using Structured Representations
May 28, 2026Giuliano Martinelli, Piriyakorn Piriyatamwong, Abelardo Carlos Martinez Lorenzo +7Causal Inferences Effect Sizes
Quotient DAGs for Off-Policy Evaluation:Forward-Flow Importance Sampling and Exact Slate Propensities
May 28, 2026Ziwen Xie, Shaowen Xiang, Hongyu He +1Propensity Importance Sampling
Deep Optimal Individualized Treatment Rules for Bivariate Survival Outcomes via Adaptive Prediction-Powered Learning
May 28, 2026Kun Ren, Yifan Cui, Wen SuSurvival Analysis Treatment Effect
The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Markov Boundary for Tabular Prediction
May 28, 2026Shu Wan, Abhinav Gorantla, Huan Liu +1Tabular Learning Clinical Prediction
Causal Label Recovery in Payment Networks
May 28, 2026Gaurav DhamaPayment Networks Propensity
Surfacing Isolated Learners with Outcome-Independent Mediation of Feedback between Teachers and Students Using AI
May 28, 2026Junsoo Park, Youssef Medhat, Htet Phyo Wai +2Learners Feedback Learning
Causal Intelligence for Constraint-Aware Intervention Design to Induce State Transitions
May 27, 2026Zixuan Song, Uwe Mueller, Dimitris V. ManatakisSubspace Intervention Framework Causal Reasoning
CaMBRAIN: Real-time, Continuous EEG Inference with Causal State Space Models
May 27, 2026Abhilash Durgam, Nyle Siddiqui, Jeffrey A. Chan-Santiago +3Electroencephalography Spatial Super-Resolution State Space Models
The Abstraction Gap in Vision-Language Causal Reasoning
May 27, 2026Chinh Hoang, Mohammad Rashedul HasanCausal Reasoning Linguistics
PubMedCausal: A Span-Level Annotated Corpus for Causal Relation Extraction in Biomedical Text
May 27, 2026Ifeoluwa Kunle-John, Josiah Paul, Oluwatosin Agbaakin +3Biomedical Text Causal Reasoning
Insurance Pricing Optimization via Off-Policy Evaluation
May 27, 2026Sascha Günther, Dimitri Semenovich, Mario V. WüthrichOff-Policy Evaluation Prices
From Fact Overwriting to Knowledge Evolution: Causal Editing via On-Policy Self-Distillation
May 27, 2026Shuaike Li, Kai Zhang, Xianquan Wang +2Multimodal Knowledge Editing Knowledge Distillation
Counterfactually Fair Regression via Optimal Transport
May 27, 2026M. Generali Lince, S. Gaucher, J-J. Vie +1Causal Reasoning Optimal Transport
Do Clinical Models Change Treatment Decisions?
May 27, 2026Dongkyu Cho, Miao Zhang, Rumi ChunaraClinical Decision Support Decisions
What-If World: A Causal Benchmark for General World Models in Embodied Scenarios
May 26, 2026Kunlin Cai, Rui Song, Jinghuai Zhang +7Video World Models World Models
You Are in Control of Your State: Why Human Outcomes Are Controllable Through Causal State Intervention
May 26, 2026Suraj Biswas, Saurav Gupta, Pritam MukherjeeCausal Intervention Controllability
Falcon-X: A Time Series Foundation Model for Heterogeneous Multivariate Modeling
May 26, 2026Yiding Liu, Yifan Hu, Hongjie Xia +5Multivariate Time Series Forecasting Time Series Foundation Models
Kan Extension Transformers: A Categorical Unification of Attention, Diffusion, and Predict-Detach Self-Conditioning
May 26, 2026Sridhar MahadevanCausal Reasoning
The Role of Causal Features in Strategic Classification for Robustness and Alignment
May 26, 2026Antonio Gois, Sophia Gunluk, Nir Rosenfeld +3Causal Reasoning Credit Risk Prediction
Causal Representation Learning for Generalisable Recommendation
May 26, 2026Yorgos Felekis, Michael O'Riordan, Oriol Corcoll +1Causal Representation Learning Recommendation
ORCA: An End-to-End Interactive Copilot for Optimized Root Cause Analysis
May 26, 2026Phi Nguyen Xuan, Nicholas Tagliapietra, Lavdim Halilaj +2Causal Foundation Models Root Cause Analysis
Iterative Causal Discovery: Per-Edge Impossibility Certificates, Tier-Aware Oracle Queries, and the $1+K$ Lower Bound
May 26, 2026Eichi UeharaCausal Foundation Models Identifiability
Stop Suppressing the Tail: Causal Inference for Extreme Events
May 26, 2026Eichi UeharaLong-Tailed Distribution Causal Inferences
Calibrated Inference for the Conditional Average Treatment Effect in the Few-Placebo Regime via Gaussian Processes
May 26, 2026Eichi UeharaHeterogeneous Treatment Effects Causal Inferences
Time Series Causal Discovery via Context-Conditioned and Causality-Augmented Pretraining
May 26, 2026Biao Ouyang, Tengxue Zhang, Zhihao Zhuang +3Causal Foundation Models Temporal Dependence
Why Prompt Optimization Works, and Why It Sometimes Doesn't: A Causal-Inspired Edit-Level Analysis
May 26, 2026Shuzhi Gong, Hechuan WenPrompt Optimization Prompt Engineering
Confounder Detection via Treatment Intent: A New Observational Study Design
May 26, 2026Drago Plecko, Patrik Okanovic, Torsten Hoefler +1Latent Confounders Causal Inferences
When prompt perturbations break your A/B test: A valid statistical test for generative surveying
May 26, 2026Hayden Helm, Carey PriebeSurvey Two-Sample Testing
Function-Valued Causal Influence in Nonlinear Time Series
May 26, 2026Valentina V. Kuskova, Dmitry Zaytsev, Michael CoppedgeCausal Reasoning Influence
MechRL: Reinforcement Learning Agents Perform Circuit Discovery for Mechanistic Interpretability
May 25, 2026Barsat KhadkaMechanistic Interpretability Circuits
Beyond Differences: Doubly Robust Meta-Learners for Ratio-Based Treatment Effects
May 25, 2026Michael Fuchs, Dominik KreissHeterogeneous Treatment Effects Treatment Effect
CausaLab: A Scalable Environment for Interactive Causal Discovery Toward AI Scientists
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Causal methods for LLM development and evaluation
May 25, 2026Dennis Frauen, Marie Brockschmidt, Konstantin Hess +10Large Language Model Evaluation Large Language
Causal Tongue-Tie: LLMs Can Encode Causal Direction, But Their Yes/No Outputs Fail to Express
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Geometry Adaptive Counterfactual Distribution Learning with Diffusion-Guided Smoothing
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Learning Latent Dynamical Causal Processes for Single-Cell Perturbation Prediction
May 25, 2026Wenkang Jiang, Yuhang Liu, Erdun Gao +3Single-Cell Perturbation Prediction Causal Representation Learning
Is Inference Mediated by Distinct Semantic Structures in LLMs? A Mechanistic Interpretation
May 25, 2026Nura Aljaafari, Marco Valentino, André FreitasNatural Language Inference Causal Reasoning
AI Content Moderation in Therapy Conversations
May 25, 2026Jiwon Kim, Claire Wang, Taeung Yoon +2Synthesizing Long-Horizon Campus Psychological Counseling Dialogues Content Moderation
Priors Persist Through Suppression: A Stroop Paradigm for Lexical Override
May 25, 2026Han-yu WangPriming Distractor
CausalFlow: Causal Attribution and Counterfactual Repair for LLM Agent Failures
May 25, 2026Akash Bonagiri, Devang Borkar, Gerard Janno Anderias +2Causal Intervention Causal Reasoning
Evolving Causal Regulatory Networks (ECR-Net)
May 24, 2026Govind Vallabhasseri Binish, Abdhul Ahadh, Rano Roy Kavanal +1Causal Foundation Models Gene-Regulatory Networks
They Are Not the Same: Direct Causes Are Not Grounded Emotion Explanations
May 24, 2026Zhuangzhuang Pan, Yan Xia, Chee Seng ChanEmotion Contextual Cues
Learning Treatment Effects during Resource Allocation via Priority-Queue Randomization
May 24, 2026JungHo Lee, Johnna Sundberg, Pim Welle +1Prioritization Bayesian Experimental Design
Abduction-Deduction Entanglement: Domain Generalization via Representation Transplants
May 24, 2026Kasra Jalaldoust, Elias BareinboumCausal Representation Learning Domain Generalization
Universal Boosts, Specific Suppressors: Sparse Autoencoder Steering of Medical Vision-Language Models
May 24, 2026Farhad Nooralahzadeh, Benjamin Gundersen, Nicolas Deperrois +7Medical Vision-Language Models Steering
Towards a Universal Causal Reasoner
May 24, 2026Qirun Dai, Xiao Liu, Jiawei Zhang +3Large Language Model Reasoning Causal Reasoning
Hypothesis Generation and Inductive Inference in Children and Language Models
May 23, 2026Jeffrey Qin, Wasu Top Piriyakulkij, Zhuangfei Gao +4Inferring Hypothesis Generation

May 29, 2026 · cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Trading Complexity for Expressivity Through Structured Generalized Linear Token Mixing

Erwan Fagnou, Paul Caillon, Blaise Delattre, Alexandre Allauzen

Token mixing layers play a key role in how language models can learn and generate long-range dependencies. Their efficiency relies on the necessary trade-off between decoding speed and the memory requirements, along with the cache size. Considering causal generation, this paper explores new trade-offs thanks to a unified framework which separates two crucial features: (i) the direct influence of inputs on outputs in one generation step; (ii) the recurrent propagation of information through past outputs. This framework encompasses major architectures such as attention and state-space models, but also generalizes the recurrence equations by allowing each state to depend on multiple past states rather than only the immediate predecessor. By introducing structure, we design new recurrence patterns that provably achieve the desired complexity, while providing theoretical insights on their expressivity -- trading runtime for expressivity in a principled way. Empirical validation is performed on synthetic tasks, along with language modeling. Together, these results provide a unified toolkit for the understanding and design of efficient and expressive token mixers across model families.

Expressivity Long-Range Temporal Dependencies Causal Reasoning

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