Explainable Medical Image Analysis

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12 papers in the last four weeks, up 33% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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Open-Linguistic Concept Unified Learning for Cross-Site Interpretable Dermatology Image Diagnosis
Aug 4, 2026Chengyu Wu, Junpeng Tan, Wanxiang Luo +3Concept Bottleneck Models Medical Diagnosis
Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China · Westlake University Hangzhou, China · Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, China +1
NeuroMosaic: Anatomically Grounded Multimodal Large Language Modeling for Molecularly Aware Glioma Reasoning from 3D MRI and Clinical Narratives
Aug 4, 2026Yantong Liu, Zheyu Zhang, Runpeng Liu +3Multimodal Large Language Models Medical VLMs
Department of Computer Information Engineering, Kunsan National University, Gunsan 54150, Republic of Korea · School of Vehicle and Mobility, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
SAGE: Semantic Explainability of Attention-Based Survival Models in Computational Pathology
Aug 3, 2026Abdallah Lamane, Abdul Rahman Diab, Ren-Chin Wu +1Computational Pathology Cancer Survival Prediction
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA · Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA · Department of Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA +2
XEns-CKD: An Explainable Ensemble-Based Approach for Chronic Kidney Disease Stage Detection
Aug 2, 2026Rehan Ahmad, Gousia Habib, Muhammad Shaban +1Medical Image Classification Clinical Prediction
SVKM’s, NMIMS, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management and Engineering, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India. · *2FCAI Fellow University of Helsinki and ELLIS Institute Helsinki, Finland · COER University, Roorkee, India +1
Understanding Synergistic Interactions among Pathology Foundation Models via Adaptive Fusion
Aug 2, 2026Yuxiang Xiao, Yang Hu, Bin Li +5Computational Pathology Pathology Foundation Models
School of Computer Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, China · School of Computing and Mathematical Sciences, University of Leicester, UK · Leicester Cancer Research Centre, University of Leicester, UK +4
ScaFE: Data-Efficient Scar Classification with LLM-Generated Clinical Feature Programs
Jul 30, 2026Ruman Wang, Hangting YeLLM-Based Program Synthesis Medical Image Classification
Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine · School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University
Towards Reliable Stain Transfer: An Iterative Data-Model Co-Optimization Framework Based on Multimodal Expert-Guided Assessment
Jul 28, 2026Siyuan Xu, Yan Wang, Haofei Song +7Computational Pathology Image Style Transfer
East China Normal University Shanghai, China · Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai, China · Hangzhou Hyperspectral Imaging Technology Co., Ltd. Hangzhou, China +1
Analysis of the Shortcut Learning and Clever Hans Effect in CNN based ECG Image Classification
Jul 27, 2026Abhay Kumar Pathak, Mrityunjay Chaubey, Manjari Gupta +1Electrocardiogram Classification Convolutional Neural Networks
Department of Computer Science, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. · University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India. · Department of Computer Science (IDI), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Gjøvik, Norway.
KANEx: Translating Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks' Interpretability to Medical Explainability
Jul 27, 2026Krithi Shailya, Ananya Lakshmi Ravi, Venkatanathan K. V. +4Radiology VLMs Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks
Centre for Responsible AI, Wadhwani School of Data Science and AI, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India · Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, USA
Investigating the Visual Cues of CNNs for Vascular Segmentation: A Case Study in Microscopy and Fundus Imaging
Jul 25, 2026Weslley dos Santos Silva, Cesar Henrique CominRetinal Vessel Segmentation Medical Image Analysis
Department of Computer Science, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, SP, Brazil
Bowel Obstruction Detection and Localization on Abdominal CT with Deep Learning
Jul 24, 2026Moritz Vandenhirtz, Andrea Agostini, Dana Belde +5Medical Image Anomaly Detection Explainable Medical Image Analysis
Department of Computer Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland · Department of Radiology, Kantonsspital Baden, affiliated Hospital for Research and Teaching of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Zurich, Baden, Switzerland · Department of Forensic Medicine Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
Do emulated quantum circuits change what CNNs look at? Performance and explainability comparison in medical image classification
Jul 23, 2026Guillermo Rubiños Rodríguez, Martín Ottavianelli, Mateo Alonso +4Quantum Convolutional Neural Networks Quantum-Inspired ML
Instituto Tecnol´ogico de Galicia, Cant´on Grande 9, Planta 3, 15003 A Coru˜na, Spain · Centro Singular de Investigaci´on en Tecnolox´ıas Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, 15782, Spain · Department of Neuroradiology, LMU University Hospital, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Marchioninistraße 15, 81377 Munich, Germany +1
Counterfactual Explainability Framework With CycleGAN And Counterfactual-Classifier Alignnment Score for Retinal Disease Classification
Jul 23, 2026Kritanu Chattopadhyay, Sayanjit Singha Roy, Soumya ChatterjeeCounterfactual Explanations Medical Image Classification
Department of Mechanical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India · Department of Electrical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Durgapur, West Bengal, 713209, India
A Diagnostic Gap Framework for Evaluating Reconstruction Fidelity in Weakly Supervised Mammography
Jul 22, 2026Vinceline Bertrand, Ionut CardeiImage Reconstruction Weakly Supervised Learning
Florida Atlantic University · Boca Raton, FL, USA
Local Label-Informed Feature Transfer for Generating Ground-Truth Medical Images: A Comparison of GAN- and Diffusion-Based Approaches
Jul 21, 2026Rick Wilming, Irem Ozseker, Luca Matteo Cornils +4Diffusion-Based Image Generation Medical Image Synthesis
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt Berlin, Germany · Technische Universität Berlin, Germany
Attention Without Grounding: Causal Evaluation of Visual Explanations in Medical VLMs
Jul 20, 2026Binesh Sadanandan, Vahid BehzadanVLM Evaluation VLM Interpretability
SAIL Lab, University of New Haven, West Haven, CT, USA
Hierarchy-Aware and Anatomy-Guided Learning for Lung Ultrasound Video Classification
Jul 20, 2026Alya Almsouti, Lotfi Mecharbat, Noha Aboukhater +5Hierarchical Classification Medical Image Classification
Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence, UAE · SEHA, UAE · Sheikh Khalifa Medical City, UAE +2
Position: Explanation Stability Is a Property of the Model Method Pair, Not the Model
Jul 18, 2026Kabilan Elangovan, Daniel TingGradient-Based Attribution Explanation Stability
Singapore Health Services and Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore.
Parameter-efficient Prompt Tuning of Vision Foundation Model With Adaptive Focal Loss for Interpretable MCI Screening
Jul 16, 2026Javad Khoramdel, Farhad Hoseyni, Amirhossein NikoofardClass-Imbalanced Learning Vision Foundation Model Adaptation
APAC Research Group, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
RegionFM: Interpretable Region-Based Brain MRI Classification Using Foundation Model Embeddings
Jul 15, 2026Wei Zhang, Ming TangMedical Imaging Foundation Models Medical Image Classification
L3S Research Center, Hannover, Germany
Anatomically Faithful but Temporally Blind: Auditing Attribution for Left-Ventricular Ejection-Fraction Estimation from Echocardiography
Jul 15, 2026Hyunkyung Han, Min Jung KimGradient-Based Attribution Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Estimation
aSchool of Integrated Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea · bDepartment of Radiology, Research Institute of Radiologic Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
MAGE: Color-Invariant and Spatial Knowledge Distillation for Gastric Neoplasm Classification
Jul 14, 2026Jiho Jun, Jeongwon Woo, Jaemin Song +6Endoscopy Medical Imaging
Korea University, Korea · MEDAI, Korea · Seoul National University, Korea +3
Learning To Focus: Anatomy-Guided Attention Regularization for Medical Image Classification
Jul 12, 2026Tonmoy Hossain, Atiqur Rahman, Farhana Hossain Swarnali +1Medical Image Classification Attention Mechanisms
Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, Virginia, USA · Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh · Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Utah, USA +1
ConceptSMILE: Auditing the Trustworthiness of Concept-Based Explainable AI
Jul 10, 2026Mohadeseh Mollapour, Koorosh Aslansefat, Zeinab Dehghani +3Concept-Based Explanations Explainable Medical Image Analysis
School of Computer Science University of Hull Hull, United Kingdom · PhD Researcher (Engineering), WMG University of Warwick Coventry, United Kingdom · School of Computing Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
TRACE-Seg3D: Counterfactual Context Auditing For Robust 3D Glioma Segmentation Under Institutional Shift
Jul 8, 2026Nguyen Linh Dan Le, Nguyen Pham Hoang Le, Tran Dang KhoiDomain Generalization 3D Medical Image Segmentation
The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia · University of Information Technology, Vietnam National University, Vietnam · Industrial University of Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
ReMoDEx: A Local-to-Global Relevance-Based Model Decision Explainability Framework for large-Scale Image Datasets
Jul 8, 2026Abhay Kumar Pathak, Mrityunjay Chaubey, Manjari GuptaExplainable Artificial Intelligence Explainable Image Classification
Department of Computer Science, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India · University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, India
Causal-RetiGraph: Cross-Cohort Retinal Support and Same-Subject Pathway Analysis for Diabetic Retinopathy
Jul 6, 2026Inam Ullah, Imran Razzak, Shoaib JameelCausal Mediation Analysis Diabetic Retinopathy Grading
University of Southampton Southampton, United Kingdom · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence United Arab Emirates
GlaKG: A Biomarker-Centric Fundus Knowledge Graph for Explainable Glaucoma Diagnosis and Risk Assessment
Jul 6, 2026Cheng Huang, Jia Zhang, Yi Jiang +7Medical Image Analysis Medical Diagnosis
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · 2Southern Methodist University · 3Nanyang Technological University +1
PulmoSight-XAI: An Explainable Multi-View Attention Ensemble with Gradient Boosting Meta-Learning for Multi-Label Chest X-Ray Classification
Jul 5, 2026Moshiur Rahman, Shafqat Alam, Tasnia Binte MamunClass-Imbalanced Learning Chest X-Ray Classification
Department of Biomedical Engineering Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, Bangladesh
An Interpretable Deep Learning Framework for Discovery and Clinical Validation of Deep Radiomic Signatures in Tumor Classification
Jul 3, 2026Chengkun Sun, Jinqian Pan, Renjie Liang +7Medical Image Classification Oncology
Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, FL, USA. · Tiktok, San Jose, 95110, CA, USA. · Department of Biostatistics, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, 77030, TX, USA. +1

Aug 4, 2026, cs.CVJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Open-Linguistic Concept Unified Learning for Cross-Site Interpretable Dermatology Image Diagnosis

Chengyu Wu, Junpeng Tan, Wanxiang Luo, Yaqi Wang+2

Zhejiang University Hangzhou, China · Westlake University Hangzhou, China · Harbin Institute of Technology Shenzhen, China+1

Concept Bottleneck Models Medical Diagnosis Domain Generalization Medical VLMs Explainable Medical Image Analysis

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Human-interpretable computer-aided diagnosis is crucial for clinical decision making. Concept-based models excel by providing transparent reasoning and enabling post-hoc, clinician-in-the-loop interventions. However, their rigid dataset-specific adaptation inherently restricts cross-site generalization. Applying them across diverse modalities, such as dermoscopic and clinical photographs, is challenging due to heterogeneous concept taxonomies varying in availability, granularity, and semantics across cohorts. Consequently, adapting Foundation Vision-Language Models (FVLMs) demands costly label engineering and repeated post-training. Existing intervention mechanisms remain rigidly tied to predefined concepts, lacking adaptability and hindering scalable dermatology CAD deployment. To address these bottlenecks, we propose UniCon, an open-linguistic unified concept learning framework for multimodal interpretable vision-language diagnosis. UniCon resolves these challenges through three contributions: (1) A shared semantic representation space via a unified concept prototype codebook, seamlessly coordinating heterogeneous concept systems across modalities without dataset-specific retraining. (2) Open-linguistic based multi-faceted semantic specifications to overcome sparse textual label limitations, improving boundary sensitivity in uncertain clinical contexts. (3) A robust, cross-site adjustable intervention interface powered by reliability-gated bottleneck aggregation, enabling consistent reasoning and transferable clinician corrections. Extensive experiments demonstrate that beyond securing top-tier diagnostic accuracy, UniCon successfully bridges disparate clinical taxonomies, unlocking unprecedented cross-site intervention capabilities. Code is available at https://github.com/wuchengyu123/UniCon.

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