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38 papers in the last four weeks, up 41% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

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Medical Model Synthesis Architectures: A Case Study
May 10, 2026Katherine M. Collins, Marlene Berke, Ilia Sucholutsky +6Explainable Artificial Intelligence Healthcare
MIT · University of Cambridge · Princeton University +8
CodeClinic: Evaluating Automation of Coding Skills for Clinical Reasoning Agents
May 10, 2026Timothy Ossowski, Xinchi Liu, Danyal Maqbool +6Healthcare LLM Agent Skill Learning
University of Wisconsin–Madison · 2Microsoft Research
MedMeta: A Benchmark for LLMs in Synthesizing Meta-Analysis Conclusion from Medical Studies
May 10, 2026Huy Hoang Ha, Benoit Favre, Francois PortetHealthcare RAG Evaluation
Can We Trust LLMs for Mental Health Screening? Consistency, ASR Robustness, and Evidence Faithfulness
May 10, 2026Erfan Loweimi, Sofia de la Fuente Garcia, Samira Loveymi +2Healthcare Mental Health
Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK · Department of Computer Engineering, Ahvaz Campus, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran · School of Health and Social Care, Edinburgh Napier University, Edinburgh, UK
CLR-voyance: Reinforcing Open-Ended Reasoning for Inpatient Clinical Decision Support with Outcome-Aware Rubrics
May 10, 2026Aishik Nagar, Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal, Yu-Hsuan Han +5Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services (AICS) · Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University · Department of Family Medicine,2026 Taipei Veterans General Hospital +2
Key Coverage Matters: Semi-Structured Extraction of OCR Clinical Reports
May 10, 2026Yu Wang, Yingyun Li, Ying Qin +1Healthcare Document Information Extraction
AI Starfish, Hangzhou, China
LiteMedCoT-VL: Parameter-Efficient Adaptation for Medical Visual Question Answering
May 10, 2026Runze Ma, Shunbo Jia, Haonan Lyu +2CoT Distillation Healthcare
School of Information Technology Monash University Malaysia · Faculty of Innovation Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology · Department of Bioelectronics Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology +1
FLAME: Adaptive Mixture-of-Experts for Continual Multimodal Multi-Task Learning
May 10, 2026Xing Han, Shravan Chaudhari, Tanvi Ranade +2Cross-Modal Learning Healthcare
Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University · Department of ECE Johns Hopkins University · Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University, Bayesian Health
Towards Conversational Medical AI with Eyes, Ears and a Voice
May 10, 2026Meet Shah, Jason Gusdorf, Anil Palepu +50Audio-Visual Understanding Healthcare
KEPIL: Knowledge-Enhanced Prompt-Image Learning for Prompt-Robust Disease Detection
May 9, 2026Haozhe Luo, Shelley Zixin Shu, Ziyu Zhou +2VLM Robustness Radiology VLMs
ARTORG Center for Biomedical Engineering Research, University of Bern · Kaiko.AI, Zurich, Switzerland · Shanghai Jiao Tong University +1
Outlier detection for patient monitoring and alerting
May 9, 2026Miloš Hauskrecht, Iyad Batal, Michal Valko +3Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
Department of Computer Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · The Intelligent Systems Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA · Inria Lille-Nord Europe, equipe SequeL, Lille, France +2
Mental Health AI Safety Claims Must Preserve Temporal Evidence
May 9, 2026Srimonti Dutta, Ratna KandalaHealthcare Mental Health
WAI USA Research Labs · Texas, USA · University of Kansas +1
SynerMedGen: Synergizing Medical Multimodal Understanding with Generation via Task Alignment
May 9, 2026Weiren Zhao, Yi Dong, Cheng ChenHealthcare Unified Multimodal Models
The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Human-LLM Dialogue Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Emergency Care
May 8, 2026Burcu Sayin, Ngoc Vo Hong, Ipek Baris Schlicht +8Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Italy · Department of Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (ASUIT), Trento, Italy · Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain +2
ShifaMind: A Multiplicative Concept Bottleneck for Interpretable ICD-10 Coding
May 8, 2026Mohammed Sameer Syed, Xuan LuAutomated Medical Coding Concept Bottleneck Models
College of Information Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721
Measuring What Matters: Benchmarking Generative, Multimodal, and Agentic AI in Healthcare
May 8, 2026Prasanna Desikan, Harshit Rajgarhia, Shivali Dalmia +1Healthcare Benchmark Design
Centific AI Research Redmond, WA, USA
Can Language Models Identify Side Effects of Breast Cancer Radiation Treatments?
May 8, 2026Natalie Seah, Danielle S. Bitterman, Daphna Spiegel +1Breast Cancer Healthcare
University of Virginia · Mass General Brigham, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
MedVIGIL: Evaluating Trustworthy Medical VLMs Under Broken Visual Evidence
May 8, 2026Hanqi Jiang, Junhao Chen, Mingyu Kang +12VLM Evaluation VLM Robustness
University of Georgia · Chungbuk National University · Chungnam National University Hospital +5
Radiologist-Guided Causal Concept Bottleneck Models for Chest X-Ray Interpretation
May 8, 2026Amy Rafferty, Rishi Ramaesh, Ajitha RajanChest X-Ray Classification Concept Bottleneck Models
University of Edinburgh, UK · NHS Lothian, UK
Emergent Symbolic Structure in Health Foundation Models: Extraction, Alignment, and Cross-Modal Transfer
May 8, 2026Gajendra Katuwal, Advait Koparkar, Salar Abbaspourazad +2Cross-Modal Learning Representation Learning
Apple
MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMs
May 8, 2026Hsin-Ling Hsu, Zizheng Wang, Donghua Zhang +9Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
1National Chengchi University · 2Georgetown University · University of Michigan +3
PerCaM-Health: Personalized Dynamic Causal Graphs for Healthcare Reasoning
May 8, 2026Elahe Khatibi, Ziyu Wang, Saba A. Farahani +4Structural Causal Models Healthcare
University of California, Irvine · Washington University in St. Louis
MedExAgent: Training LLM Agents to Ask, Examine, and Diagnose in Noisy Clinical Environments
May 8, 2026Yicheng Gao, Xiaolin Zhou, Yahan Li +2Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
University of Southern California · Arizona State University
MedHorizon: Towards Long-context Medical Video Understanding in the Wild
May 7, 2026Bodong Du, Bowen Liu, Yang Yu +8Healthcare Medical VQA
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Xidian University · Baidu Inc.
BioResearcher: Scenario-Guided Multi-Agent for Translational Medicine
May 7, 2026Remigiusz Kinas, Joanna Krawczyk, Rafał Powalski +6Multi-Agent Orchestration AI Agents for Scientific Discovery
Ingenix.AI, Warsaw, Poland
TheraAgent: Self-Improving Therapeutic Agent for Precise and Comprehensive Treatment Planning
May 7, 2026Junkai Li, Yunghwei Lai, Tianyi Zhu +3LLM Self-Refinement Healthcare
1Dept. of Comp. Sci. & Tech., Institute for AI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore
Whole-body CT attenuation and volume charts from routine clinical scans via evidence-grounded LLM report filtering
May 7, 2026Christian Wachinger, Bernhard Renger, Christopher Späth +2Medical Imaging Healthcare
Institute of Radiology, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Munich Data Science Institute (MDSI), Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany +1
CXR-ContraBench: Benchmarking Negated-Option Attraction in Medical VLMs
May 7, 2026Zhengru Fang, Yanan Ma, Yu Guo +5VLM Evaluation Chest X-Ray Classification
City University of Hong Kong · Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School
MRI-Eval: A Tiered Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Performance on MRI Physics and GE Scanner Operations Knowledge
May 6, 2026Perry E. RadauLLM Evaluation Healthcare
Department of Radiology, University of Calgary · Child and Adolescent Imaging Research (CAIR) Program · Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute +1
Joint Treatment Effect Estimation from Incomplete Healthcare Data: Temporal Causal Normalizing Flows with LLM-driven Evolutionary MNAR Imputation
May 6, 2026Olivia Jullian Parra, Sara Zoccheddu, David Catalan Cerezo +7Causal Effect Estimation Normalizing Flows
Department of Mathematical Modeling and Machine Learning University of Zürich Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zürich 8057 · Department of Mathematics ETH Zürich Rämistrasse 101, Zürich 8092 · Epidemiology, Biostatistics & Prevention Institute (EBPI), University of Zürich Hirschengraben 84, Zürich 8001 +2

May 10, 2026J/K move · Enter open · S save

Medical Model Synthesis Architectures: A Case Study

Katherine M. Collins, Marlene Berke, Ilia Sucholutsky, Ayman Ali+5

MIT · University of Cambridge · Princeton University+8

Explainable Artificial Intelligence Healthcare Medical Diagnosis Clinical Reasoning Differential Diagnosis Uncertainty Calibration

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Medicine is rife with high-stakes uncertainty. Doctors routinely make clinical judgments and decisions that juggle many fundamental unknowns, like predictions about what might be causing a patients' symptoms or decisions about what treatment to try next. Despite increasing interest in developing AI systems that aid or even replace doctors in clinical settings, current systems struggle with calibrated reasoning under uncertainty, and are often deeply opaque about their reasoning. We propose a framework for AI systems that can make practically useful but formally transparent clinical predictions under uncertainty. Given a clinical situation, our framework (MedMSA) uses language models to retrieve relevant prior knowledge, but constructs a formal probabilistic model to support calibrated and verifiable inferences under uncertainty. We show how an initial proof-of-concept of this framework can be used for differential diagnosis, producing an uncertainty-weighted list of potential diagnoses that could explain a patients' symptoms, and discuss future applications and directions for applying this framework more generally for safe clinical collaborations.