Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation

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32 papers in the last four weeks, up 433% on the four weeks before. 0.3% of all new papers.

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Socio-Foundation: A Model for Generalizable Individual Behavior Simulation via Hierarchical Capability Distillation
Oct 6, 2026Liang Wang, Wenxuan Xie, Xinyi Mou +2Human Behavior Simulation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
School of Data Science, Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Tencent
Wiki-Talkie: Multilingual Benchmarking of Persona-Based Agents on Real-World Discussions
Oct 6, 2026Dennis Fucci, Andrea Bacciu, Dong Liu +2Multilingual Language Model Evaluation Large Language Model-Based Role-Play Simulation
Amazon
Disentangling Models from Personas in Heterogeneous LLM Simulations
Oct 6, 2026Dani Roytburg, Daphne IppolitoLarge Language Model-Based Social Simulation Multi-Agent LLMs
Carnegie Mellon University
Synthetic Cultural Agents from Aggregate Anchors
Oct 5, 2026Augusto Gonzalez-Bonorino, Kseniia Biriukova, Monica CapraLarge Language Model-Based Social Simulation Synthetic Data Generation for Language Models
Department of Economics, Arizona State University · EconLLM Lab · Department of Information Systems, Arizona State University +1
Artificial Intelligence and the New Science of Culture
Oct 5, 2026Douglas R. Guilbeault, Bhargav Srinivasa Desikan, James A. EvansCultural Evolution Computational Social Science
Graduate School of Business, Stanford University, U.S. · Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, U.K. · Sociology & Data Science, University of Chicago, U.S.
MiniCorp: The Last Mile of the AI Agent Firm
Oct 5, 2026Jingying Zeng, Zhenwei Dai, Jinning Li +6Synthetic Data Generation AI Agent Evaluation
Microsoft · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Princeton University +2
Learning to Simulate Individuals from Macro Social Signals
Oct 5, 2026Yining Zhao, Bushi Liu, Haofei Yu +5Human Behavior Simulation RL for Language Model Reasoning
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · Independent Researcher
Data-Driven Personas for Survey Simulation: Insights into Simulation Alignment Across Data-Access Regimes
Oct 5, 2026Dongryeol Lee, Weronika Łajewska, Leonardo Perelli +1Computational Social Science User Modeling
Seoul National University · Amazon
Communication Shapes Collective Inference in Self-Adapting LLM Societies: Evidence from Mafia
Oct 4, 2026Haonan Huang, Joey XiaoImperfect-Information Games Social Deduction Games
Princeton University Princeton, NJ, USA · New York University New York, NY, USA
Science Utopia? Closed-Loop LLM Simulation of Academic Research Ecosystems
Oct 1, 2026Yiqiao Jin, Yiyang Wang, Lucheng Fu +8Scholarly Peer Review Computational Social Science
Georgia Institute of Technology · University of California, Los Angeles · University of Chicago +1
Reputation, Strategy, and Emotion Effects on Generative AI Cooperation: A Comparison Across Reasoning and Non-Reasoning Models
Oct 1, 2026Celso de Melo, Zishan Feng, James Hale +3Cooperative Game Theory Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory, USA · Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering, Gifu University, Japan · Department of Computer Science, University of Southern California, USA +1
MetaPersona: Task-Grounded Synthetic Populations from Empirical Social Science
Sep 29, 2026Jinyi Ye, Yuangang Li, Chenxiao Yu +7Personality Modeling in Language Models Synthetic Data Generation
University of Southern California · University of California, Irvine · 2077AI +1
Social Choice Foundations for Simulation-Augmented Generation
Sep 29, 2026Sonja Kraiczy, Smitha Milli, Ratip Emin Berker +6Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation User Simulation
University of Oxford · PrincInt · FAIR at Meta +4
AnthroDial: Benchmarking LLM Anthropomorphism in Autonomous Social Interaction
Sep 29, 2026Wentao Liu, Xi Chen, Siyu Song +13LLM Agent Evaluation LLM Agent Training
Shanghai Institute of Innovation · University of Science and Technology of China · East China Normal University +9
An LLM-powered Agent Framework for Heterogeneous Evacuation Behavior Modeling under a Moving Threat in a Public Plaza
Sep 29, 2026Jian Ma, Runxin Yu, Tianyu Tang +1Pedestrian Behavior Modeling Agent-Based Modeling
School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, China · Fujian Police College, Fuzhou, 350007, China
Illusory Truth or Mere Exposure? Model-Dependent Repetition Effects in LLM-Based Social Media Simulations
Sep 28, 2026Azza Bouleimen, Nicolò Pagan, Anikó HannákBelief Updating in LLMs Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Department of Computer Science University of Zurich Andreasstrasse 15, 8050, Zurich, Switzerland
Population Fidelity: Evaluating Population Representativeness in LLMs
Sep 28, 2026Neemias B. da Silva, Martin Lukk, Ali Sutani +5LLM Evaluation LLM Fine-Tuning
University of Toronto, Canada · Federal University of Technology – Paran´a, Brazil
How Well Can LLMs Simulate Real Learner Evaluations of Educational Feedback?
Sep 28, 2026Momoka Furuhashi, Kouta Nakayama, Takashi Kodama +2LLM Evaluation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Tohoku University · Research and Development Center for Large Language Models, National Institute of Informatics · National Institute of Informatics +2
SCBO: Semantically Coherent Batching and Ordering for LLM-Based Social Surveys
Sep 28, 2026Yuanzi Li, Lingjie Wang, Zihang Tian +2LLM Inference Efficiency LLM Prompting
Renmin University of China
Simulating Respondents, Not Single Questions: Coherent Survey Generation with Large Language Models
Sep 28, 2026Ji Huang, Mengfei Li, Shuai ShaoLarge Language Model-Based Social Simulation Conditional Generative Modeling
School of Computer Science, University of Science and Technology of China · School of Management, Fudan University
From Preference to Reciprocity: Decentralized Matching with Empirically Grounded LLM-agent Based Modeling
Sep 28, 2026Wangxuan Fan, Xiaoyu Nie, Zhoutian Shi +5Agent-Based Modeling Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen
Population Physics, Population Problems: Safety and Emergence in LLM Societies
Sep 27, 2026Adrian de WynterMulti-Agent LLM Systems Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Microsoft & The University of York
Artificial Societies Benchmark: A Validation Framework for Synthetic Research
Sep 24, 2026Edoardo Chidichimo, Min Jun Jung, Felix P. S. Wallis +1Benchmark Design Computational Social Science
Artificial Societies University of Oxford, UK
Augur: A Synthetic Decision Lab for Rehearsing Reactions to Product and Policy Changes
Sep 24, 2026Rahul Khedar, Mayank Malhotra, Avinash KarnLLM Evaluation LLM Decision-Making
PayPal AI
Cultural Divergence Preservation: Diagnosing Flattening and Caricature in LLM-Simulated Survey Populations
Sep 24, 2026Yeeun Chae, Yewon Choi, Seunghyun Lee +1Cultural Bias in Language Models Language Model Bias Evaluation
Yonsei University · NAVER · Seoul National University Hospital
Consequential Behaviour and Representational Fairness in the Validation of Synthetic Research
Sep 23, 2026Florian Kutzner, Celina Kacperski, Laura de Molière +4Algorithmic Fairness Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
decision-context. · Seeburg Castle University, Seekirchen am Wallersee, Austria. · Artificial Societies Ltd., London, United Kingdom. +1
Agent-based Modeling: Equilibrium, Echo Chambers, and Efficiency in Hybrid Coevolutionary Opinion Games
Sep 23, 2026Ming-Zhi Jiang, An-Tzu Teng, Jun-En Liu +2Opinion Dynamics Game Theory
Department of Information Management & Finance, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan. · Institute of Information Management, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan.
KITE: Scaling Jev Population Experiments with Sparse Flagship Calibration
Sep 23, 2026Hengyu LiCausal Effect Estimation Uncertainty Quantification
The University of Tokyo
Behavior is Not Enough: A Mechanism-Based Evaluation of Social Norm Emergence in LLM Societies
Sep 22, 2026Rasika Muralidharan, Haewoon Kwak, Jisun AnMulti-Agent Coordination AI Agent Evaluation
Indiana Univeristy Bloomington
The Limits of Simulated Societies: How Post-Training and Survey Fine-Tuning Erase Cross-Cultural Variance
Sep 22, 2026Rojin ZiaeiLarge Language Model-Based Social Simulation Language Model Post-Training
Georgetown University
Tipping Points in LLM-Based Multi-Agent Systems: Stance on Climate Change Action
Sep 21, 2026Astghik Altunyan, Shimon EdelmanOpinion Dynamics Agent-Based Modeling
Department of Psychology Cornell University Ithaca, NY 14853
SocioVerse2: A Longitudinal Dynamic Social Simulation Framework under a Human-AI Co-evolutionary Paradigm
Sep 21, 2026Xinnong Zhang, Jiayu Lin, Jia Wang +19Computational Social Science Agent-Based Modeling
Shanghai Innovation Institute · Fudan University · Tongji University +7
Mind or Message? Auditing Theory of Mind in Multi-Agent Social Simulation
Sep 21, 2026Cong Li, Cheng Chen, Thomas Fung +2Theory of Mind LLM Agent Evaluation
DailyAdvance
Bayesian Belief Layer for Controllable Opinion Dynamics in LLM Agents
Sep 18, 2026Hafsa Akbar, Daniel Platnick, Marjan Alirezaie +2Opinion Dynamics Belief Updating in LLMs
MIT Media Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology · Flybits Labs, Creative AI Hub · Toronto Metropolitan University
Digital Twins for Opinion Dynamics: A Generative LLM Framework for Social Networks
Sep 17, 2026Omran Berjawi, Giuseppe Fenza, Rida Khatoun +1Opinion Dynamics Human Behavior Simulation
Information Processing and Communication Laboratory (LTCI) Institut Polytechnique de Paris, T´el´ecom Paris Palaiseau, France · Management & Information Systems (DISA-MIS) University of Salerno Fisciano, Italy · College of Communication and Information, University of Kentucky +1
Verifiable Social Reasoning for LLM Assistants
Sep 15, 2026Amir Taubenfeld, Zorik Gekhman, Avigail Grinstein-Dabush +6Multi-Agent LLM Systems Theory of Mind
Google Research · Hebrew University · University of Cambridge
Interpreting and Steering LLM Agents for Social Simulations
Sep 14, 2026Jiayue Gaveal Fan, Arul Murugan, Shreyas Krishnan +1LLM Interpretability Human Behavior Simulation
1Data Innovation and AI Lab (DIAL), University of California, Berkeley · 2National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER)
The average-farmer illusion in language-model simulations of agricultural decisions
Sep 14, 2026Zhanliang Zhu, Ziwei Li, Yuchen Liu +5Synthetic Data Generation LLM Agents
1State Key Laboratory of Water Disaster Prevention, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China · 2Yangtze Institute for Conservation and Development, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China · 3Meta Platforms Inc. +2
Diverse Minds, Divided Networks? Personality Composition, Polarization, and Collective Intelligence in LLM-Based Social Simulations
Sep 14, 2026Raad Bin TareafOpinion Dynamics Human Behavior Simulation
German University of Digital Science, Potsdam, Germany.
From Simulated Citizens to Simulated Deliberation: Challenges in Representation and Interaction
Sep 7, 2026Chaemin Jang, Junsik Min, Jaewoo Choi +9Opinion Dynamics Human Behavior Simulation
1Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) · 2Seoul National University
Classic AI Scaffolding for LLM Social Agents
Sep 1, 2026Anatole GershmanCognitive Architectures for AI Agents Human Behavior Simulation
Carnegie Mellon University (retired)
LiveSim: Simulating Environment-Shaped Users in Multi-Agent Live-Stream Ecosystems
Aug 27, 2026Jiaqi Xu, Yiran Qiao, Jing Chen +3Multi-Agent LLM Systems Human Behavior Simulation
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China · ByteDance China
Mitigating Identity Essentialism in LLM Agents with Longitudinal Life Trajectories
Aug 20, 2026Hexi Wang, Yujia Zhou, Bangde Du +7Human Behavior Simulation LLM Agent Memory
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University · Quan Cheng Laboratory
One Frozen Simulator Is Not Enough: Simulator Collapse in Multi-Agent RL
Aug 12, 2026Simon Yu, Nicholas Tomlin, Marwa Abdulhai +7Multi-Agent LLM Systems Human Behavior Simulation
1Northeastern University · 2New York University · 3UC Berkeley +2
CARD: Controlled Agentic Reddit Discussions for Credit Card Simulation
Aug 10, 2026Yaoning Yu, Kai-Min Chang, Ye Yu +3Financial Services Controllable Text Generation
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign United States · U.S. Bank United States · Stanford University United States +1
Social Gym and SPaRTan: Benchmarking and Improving LLM Social Reasoning via Multi-Agent Game Tournaments
Aug 10, 2026Keyu He, Xuhui Zhou, Maarten SapGame-Playing Agents LLM Agent Evaluation
Carnegie Mellon University
Mind the Gaps: Mixture-of-Minds for Human Simulation
Aug 6, 2026Pranav DahiyaMixture-of-Experts Language Models Human Behavior Simulation
Semilattice
Emulate or Estimate? The Divergent Strengths of Base and Post-Trained Language Models for Opinion Simulation
Aug 4, 2026Seth Grief-Albert, Jessica Bo, Difan Jiao +1Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation Language Model Post-Training
Queen’s University · University of Toronto
Everyone Conforms, No One Believes: Pluralistic Ignorance in LLM Agent Populations
Aug 3, 2026Yashwanth YSMulti-Agent LLM Systems Normative Conformity in Language Models
Language Technologies Institute, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
Modeling Social Dynamics with an LLM-Enabled Agent Based Network-Dynamic (LAND) Model
Aug 2, 2026Lynnette Hui Xian Ng, Kathleen M. CarleyHuman Behavior Simulation Computational Social Science
Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, USA
LLMs struggle to simulate human belief updates in controlled environments
Jul 30, 2026Sebastian Pohl, Harsh Mehta, Pranav Mambayil +4Human Behavior Simulation LLM Reliability
IT:U, Interdisciplinary Transformation University Austria, Altenberger Straße 66c, 4040 Linz, Austria
Belief Coevolution in a Social Network of Generalist and Specialist Large Language Models
Jul 29, 2026Germans Savcisens, Samantha Dies, Courtney Maynard +1Multi-Agent LLM Systems Agent-Based Modeling
Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, USA · Network Science Institute, Northeastern University, Boston, USA · Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, USA
When Synthetic Users Fail: A Cross-Domain Benchmark of LLM-Simulated Human Survey Responses
Jul 28, 2026Zihan Chen, Di Zhu, Lei Nico ZhengLLM Evaluation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, NJ, USA · University of Massachusetts Boston Boston, MA, USA
Reason-Mediated Behavioral Models for Auditing LLM Social Simulators
Jul 27, 2026Atharva Pandey, Gautam JajooLLM Auditing Human Behavior Simulation
Kairosity
Empirical Grounding Improves the Realism of LLM Agents Simulating Human Behavior During Disruptions
Jul 19, 2026Chen Xia, Zexi Kuang, Yuqing HuLLM Grounding Human Behavior Simulation
Department of Civil Engineering Technology, Environmental Management and Safety, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, United States of America · Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States of America · Digital and Interdependent Built Environment Laboratory, Department of Architectural Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States of America
Poor Man's Agentic Modeling: Simulating Large LLM-Agent Societies on a Laptop
Jul 19, 2026Igor ItkinMulti-Agent LLM Systems Surrogate Modeling
Independent Researcher, Tel Aviv, Israel
Distribution-First Population Simulation: Collapse, Calibration, and Recall in Non-WEIRD LLM Persona Modeling
Jul 17, 2026Gurkan OzkanHuman Behavior Simulation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation
Istanbul Technical University
Step-Level Preference Learning for Generative Agents in Social Simulations
Jul 16, 2026Wenchang Gao, Pingyue Sheng, Lanlan Qiu +7Human Preference Modeling Human Behavior Simulation
Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute · Tsinghua University · Xiongan AI Institute +3
Social Simulations: from Agent-Based Modeling to Digital Twins
Jul 15, 2026Erica Cau, Andrea Failla, Valentina Pansanella +1Human Behavior Simulation Agent-Based Modeling
Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa · ISTI-CNR
CityBehavEx: A Scalable and Empirically Validated LLM-Assisted Urban Simulation Platform
Jul 13, 2026Gustavo H. Santos, Aline Viana, Thiago H SilvaHuman Behavior Simulation Agent-Based Modeling
UTFPR, Brazil · Inria, France · University of Toronto, Canada

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Socio-Foundation: A Model for Generalizable Individual Behavior Simulation via Hierarchical Capability Distillation

Liang Wang, Wenxuan Xie, Xinyi Mou, Yixin Luo+1

School of Data Science, Fudan University · Shanghai Innovation Institute · Tencent

Human Behavior Simulation Large Language Model-Based Social Simulation Personality Modeling in Language Models Language Model Distillation

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Simulating individual behavior requires large language models (LLMs) to preserve persona traits while adapting to dynamic social contexts. However, general-purpose LLMs often flatten distinct personas, while task-specific tuning suffers from fragmentation and generalization. To overcome these challenges, we organize individual simulation into the \textbf{FONTS Taxonomy}, comprising five complementary capability dimensions: \emph{persona fidelity} (\textbf{F}), \emph{outcome realization} (\textbf{O}), \emph{behavioral naturalness} (\textbf{N}), \emph{trajectory coherence} (\textbf{T}), and \emph{social grounding} (\textbf{S}). Grounded in this taxonomy, we curate a standardized training corpus library of approximately 10 million instances across 14 representative datasets and present \textbf{Socio-Foundation}. Socio-Foundation decouples specialization from integration via a three-stage pipeline: learning task experts via DAPO, consolidating them into capability experts via off-policy distillation, and unifying them via multi-teacher on-policy distillation (MOPD). We also establish \textbf{IndiEval}, consolidating 29 metrics across the FONTS dimensions. Experiments show that Socio-Foundation outperforms its \textit{Qwen3-8B} base by 11.0 points and approaches frontier models such as \textit{GLM-5.2}, with ablations and out-of-distribution evaluations further demonstrating the effectiveness and generalization of our model.

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