Jun 15, 2026 · cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save
Nathan Gavenski, Juarez Monteiro, Francisco Galuppo, Adriano Veloso+1
Department of Informatics, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom · Kunumi Institute, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
Reinforcement Learning (RL) policies often degrade in unfamiliar environments because they lack explicit deliberation. We propose Plan, Align, Commit, Think (PACT), a hybrid architecture that combines a fast, reactive RL policy with a slow, deliberative Small Language Model (SLM) planner. PACT invokes the SLM asynchronously to generate and validate candidate action plans. Once a plan is verified through simulation as safe, feasible, and complete, it is executed directly, bypassing the RL policy without retraining or modifying it. Evaluated on three FrozenLake configurations of increasing difficulty, PACT outperforms all baselines while relying on a 2B-parameter SLM backbone, suggesting that deliberative planning and reactive execution are more powerful in concert than either is alone in these settings.