Runtime Assurance

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Overview

Runtime assurance studies how to check and, when needed, modify or block a system’s actions while it is running, especially when a learned component cannot be trusted to behave safely in every situation. Common approaches include Simplex architectures with verified backup controllers, control-barrier-function and rule-based shields, and monitors that use contracts, reachability, or statistical risk bounds to trigger recovery or abstention. These methods are tested in settings such as robot manipulation, autonomous driving, spacecraft control, power grids, and tool-using agents, where they must balance safety with task success, latency, and operator control. A central challenge is making guarantees hold under partial observation, disturbances, and changing conditions without making interventions so conservative that the system becomes ineffective; many results still depend on stated assumptions or bounded evaluations.

Latest papers

CardsList

64 papers6 papers in the last four weeks, down 14% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

  1. Context-dependent Runtime Construction of Safe Regions of Attraction from Design-Time Identification for Multi-Candidate Simplex Architectures

    Oct 26, 2026Georg Jäger, Nils-Jonathan Friedrich, Norman Seyffer +2Safety-Critical ControlRuntime Assurance

    Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany · LASIGE, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal

  2. Runtime Control for AI Agents: Closing the Evaluation--Execution Gap in Operational Workflows

    Oct 20, 2026Jayesh Bhadane, Ramachandra Yerramsetti, Rajesh Gupta +1Runtime Enforcement for AI AgentsRuntime Assurance

  3. AutoAgent0: An Agentic Runtime for Safe Closed-Loop Driving

    Oct 13, 2026Jiageng Liu, Seth Z. Zhao, Zewei Zhou +9Autonomous Driving PlanningRuntime Assurance

    UCLA · CMU · UT Dallas +1

  4. Mission-Aware Attestation Envelopes for Time-Critical Autonomous Action: A Hardware-in-the-Loop V2I Study

    Oct 6, 2026Dimitrios Nikou, Nikolaos Kekatos, Sophia Petridou +1Remote AttestationRuntime Assurance

    International Hellenic University, Greece · Clone Systems, Cyprus · University of Macedonia, Greece

  5. SoK: Semantic Decision Engines in Network Control Loops

    Oct 5, 2026Delong Li, Chen Li, Xu Wang +3Safety-Critical ControlRuntime Assurance

    School of Electrical, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia

  6. Trust Is Not a Score: Runtime Assurance Contracts for High-Risk AI Agents

    Sep 30, 2026Serhii ZabolotniiAI Agent SafetyRuntime Enforcement for AI Agents

    Cherkasy State Business College, Cherkasy, Ukraine · State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification, Cherkasy, Ukraine · healthPrecision, New York, NY, USA

  7. Before Agents Act: Assurance-Aware Semantic Scheduling for Evidence Acquisition in Distributed Systems

    Sep 28, 2026Jun He, Deying YuReal-Time SchedulingRuntime Assurance

  8. Timed Rule-Based Supervision of an End-to-End Autonomous Parking Policy

    Sep 24, 2026Kejia Gao, Liguo Zhou, Lei Yu +1Autonomous ParkingRuntime Assurance

  9. ZeroGate: Trust-Preserving Fast Paths for Governed AI Agent Runtimes

    Sep 21, 2026Zexun WangRuntime Enforcement for AI AgentsRuntime Assurance

    Ond Holdings Inc.

  10. Incremental Consistency Execution for Autonomous Intelligent Systems

    Sep 21, 2026Cheng Li, Jiexiong Liu, Yixuan Chen +1Incremental ComputationRuntime Assurance

    KunlunMeta

  11. Taming the Agentic RAN: Stability-Guaranteed Arbitration of Autonomous AI Agents in O-RAN

    Sep 16, 2026Seyed Bagher Hashemi Natanzi, Bo TangMulti-Agent ControlOpen Radio Access Network

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, MA, USA

  12. RobResilience: Implementing and Evaluating a Resilience Framework for Cyber-Physical Embodied Systems

    Sep 15, 2026Gysella Imrell, Emanuele Miotto, Mahya Mohammadi Kashani +2Cyber-Physical SystemsAutonomous Cyber Defense

    Örebro University Örebro, Sweden · University of Padua Padua, Italy

  13. Generator-Independent Runtime Assurance under Partial Observation

    Sep 5, 2026Guangxi Wan, Yongbo Xie, Yuqi Liu +4Runtime AssuranceRuntime Verification

    State Key Laboratory of Robotics and Intelligent Systems, Shenyang Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

  14. Rethinking World Models for Safety-Critical Embodied Systems

    Sep 3, 2026Kailang Ma, Heye Huang, Inhi Kim +1Runtime AssuranceEmbodied World Models

    Cho Chun Shik Graduate School of Mobility, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34051, South Korea.

  15. CURA: Certified Runtime Alarms for Computer-Use Agents

    Aug 28, 2026Divake Kumar, Sina Tayebati, Devashri Naik +5AI Agent MonitoringComputer-Use Agents

    University of Illinois Chicago · Intel Labs · Capital One AI Labs

  16. A Safety-Driven Architectural Framework for Fail-Operational Drone Swarms in Critical Missions

    Aug 21, 2026Luiz Giacomossi, Zafer Yigit, Marwan Shakarna +4Safety-Critical ControlSwarm Robotics

  17. The Acknowledgment Point Is the System: Durable Policy-Decision Receipts for AI Audit Evidence

    Aug 17, 2026Neeraj Kumar Singh BeshaneData ProvenanceAlgorithmic Auditing

    Independent Researcher, Fremont, California

  18. Pricing the Risk of Runtime Compression: Anytime-Valid Admission and a Served-Output Law for Compressed Serving State

    Aug 16, 2026Fanzhe Wei, Li LiuRuntime AssuranceAnytime-Valid Inference

    Metask Lab

  19. Herding End-to-End Autonomous Driving via Neuro-Symbolic Safety Guards

    Aug 11, 2026Simón Patiño Idarraga, Erick Silva, Rehana Yasmin +1End-to-End Autonomous DrivingAutonomous Driving Safety Evaluation

    Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín, Colombia · King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

  20. Dual Stress: Runtime Safety Monitoring for Safety-Constrained MPC Navigation

    Aug 11, 2026Jamil Chahine, Wenqi Cai, John Abanes +1Safety-Critical ControlModel Predictive Control

    Department of Mechanical Engineering American University of Beirut (AUB) Beirut 1107 2020, Lebanon · Robotics and Intelligent Systems Control Laboratory New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) Abu Dhabi, UAE · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering New York University New York, NY, USA +1

  21. SkillSentry: Reliable Skill Execution for LLM Agents via Runtime Assurance

    Aug 10, 2026You Lu, Xinyu Huang, Bihuan Chen +1LLM Agent Skill LearningLLM Agents

    College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, China

  22. EduPluginBench: Executable Assurance for AI-Generated Educational Plugins

    Aug 1, 2026Nizam KadirSoftware SecurityRuntime Assurance

    Singapore University of Technology and Design, Science, Mathematics and Technology, Singapore, Singapore

  23. Safety-Gated Agentic Supervisory Control on a Coupled Distillation Benchmark: Regime Map, Auditable Gate, and Co-Design Findings

    Jul 30, 2026Christian RosenthalLanguage Model-Based ControlSafety-Critical Control

    Sole author — independent research, industrial AI methodology

  24. What Can Be Enforced? A Theory of Certified Runtime Safety for Tool-Using Agents

    Jul 24, 2026Shawn RayRuntime Enforcement for AI AgentsRuntime Assurance

    Carnegie Mellon University

  25. Audited Selective Verification for Risk-Controlled N-1 Thermal Contingency Screening under Deployment Shift

    Jul 14, 2026Jayakumar ManoharanRuntime AssurancePower Systems

    Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), Charlotte, NC, USA

  26. Managed Autonomy at Runtime: Gear-Based Safety and Governance for Single- and Multi-Agent Cyber-Physical Systems

    Jul 1, 2026Srini Ramaswamy, Wang MiaoshengCyber-Physical SystemsSafety-Critical Control

    DNRS.ai, USA · Independent Researcher

  27. LabGuard: Grounding Natural-Language Laboratory Rules into Runtime Guards for Embodied Laboratory Agents

    Jun 30, 2026Jingpu Yang, Fengxian Ji, Zhengzhao Lai +8AI Agent SafetyAI Agent Monitoring

    1Wuhan University · 2MBZUAI · 3Northeastern University

  28. Conformal Recovery-Deadline Certificates for Runtime Assurance of Adapting Controllers

    Jun 24, 2026Alireza ShojaeiSafety-Critical ControlConformal Prediction

    Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

  29. Reliability-Asymmetric Spacecraft Autonomy: Co-Designing a Capable Learned GNC Stack with a Verified, Adaptation-Aware Runtime Shield

    Jun 24, 2026Alireza ShojaeiLanguage Model-Based ControlFormal Verification

    Myers-Lawson School of Construction, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA

  30. Lingering Authority: Revocable Resource-and-Effect Capabilities for Coding Agents

    Jun 21, 2026Igor Santos-GrueiroCoding AgentsAI Agent Security

    International University of La Rioja