Digital Twins

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Overview

Digital twins are computational counterparts of physical assets, people, or broader systems, updated with observations to represent their changing state and test possible actions. Approaches range from physics-based simulation and data assimilation to machine-learning surrogates, hybrid models, generative agents, and reinforcement learning for control. Applications span manufacturing, infrastructure, transportation, healthcare, energy, and social systems, where twins can support forecasting, maintenance, safety testing, and personalized decisions. A central challenge is ensuring that a twin remains calibrated and trustworthy as conditions change, while balancing fidelity, uncertainty, computation, privacy, and validation against real-world outcomes.

Latest papers

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253 papers36 papers in the last four weeks, up 16% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. Anticipatory Digital Twins for Online Head-and-Neck Adaptive Proton Therapy via Foundation-Model Registration

    Aug 1, 2026Yizhou Wu, Yuheng Li, Xiaofeng Yang +1Longitudinal Medical Image AnalysisDigital Twins

    Department of Radiation Oncology and Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30308, USA · Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA

  2. ORCESTRA: VLM-driven Visual Robot programming in Mixed Reality

    Aug 1, 2026Ivan Snegirev, Elizaveta Semenyakina, Mikhail Konenkov +3Digital TwinsLanguage-Conditioned Robot Control

    Intelligent Space Robotics Lab, Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation · R&D Center, MWS, Moscow, Russian Federation

  3. mmRadarTwin: A Measurement-Calibrated Signal-Level Digital Twin Platform for Indoor mmWave Radar

    Jul 30, 2026Jianyi Zhou, Chenghao Zhang, Yanli Li +1Millimeter-Wave RadarmmWave Radar Sensing

    The University of Sydney · Sydney, NSW, Australia

  4. Articulated Object Reconstruction from Rest-State Observation

    Jul 30, 2026Daeun Lee, Jaeah Lee, Woosung Kim +2Articulated Object Reconstruction3D Mesh Reconstruction

    Seoul National University, Republic of Korea

  5. Multi-Agent System-driven Digital Twins for predictive maintenance: architectures, technologies and open research challenges

    Jul 24, 2026Korota Arsène Coulibaly, Mohamed HamlichMulti-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Orchestration

    LCCPS Lab, ENSAM, Hassan II University of Casablanca, 150 Bd du Nil, Casablanca, 20670,, Morocco

  6. A Diffusion-Model Subpopulation Digital Twin for Mobile Health Deployment: A Case Study on the HeartSteps Intervention

    Jul 23, 2026Ziping Xu, Yuyi Chang, Chenshun Ni +5Digital TwinsUser Simulation

    † University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill · ‡ The Ohio State University · ⋄ Harvard University +1

  7. Equilibrium Causal Digital Twins: Validation, Transport, and Identification Limits

    Jul 23, 2026Faraz Dadgostari, Neda NazemiCounterfactual EvaluationStructural Causal Models

    Department of Mechanical & Industrial Engineering, Montana State University · Gianforte School of Computing, Montana State University

  8. SenWorld: A Digital-Twin Simulation for Generating Context-Rich Evaluation Data

    Jul 22, 2026Zenghui Zhou, Xiaoyang Li, Xiaoxuan Qiao +2Synthetic Data GenerationAgent Evaluation

    ByteDance Inc., Beijing, China

  9. Digital Twin Modeling of a Highly Automated Agricultural Tractor

    Jul 22, 2026Clay Hallman, Lukas Pindl, Timo OksanenRobotics SimulationVehicle Dynamics

    Technical University of Munich, Germany; Professorship of Agrimechatronics; Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence (MIRMI)

  10. A Continual Validation, Updating, and Decision-Making Framework for Self-Adaptive Digital Twins via Robust Model Predictive Control: A Case Study in Additive Manufacturing

    Jul 20, 2026Yi-Ping Chen, Ying-Kuan Tsai, Vispi Karkaria +3Neural Surrogate ModelingConcept Drift

    Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University · Department of Industrial Engineering and Management Science, Northwestern University

  11. A Digital Twin-Based Method for Evaluating Local Collective Tariffs in Distribution-Level Energy Systems

    Jul 20, 2026Kristoffer Christensen, Bo Nørregaard Jørgensen, Zheng Grace MaDigital TwinsPower Systems

    SDU Center for Energy Informatics, Maersk Mc-Kinney Moeller Institute, The Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark

  12. BoxTwin: Learning Elastoplastic Articulated Object Dynamics from Videos

    Jul 19, 2026Heng Zhang, Gehan Zheng, Kaifeng Zhang +6Articulated Object ReconstructionDeformable Object Manipulation

    Heng Zhang, Gehan Zheng, Kaifeng Zhang, Jay Song, Shivansh Patel, Sonny Hu, Yunzhu Li and Changxi Zheng are with SceniX, Inc. · Peter Yichen Chen is with the University of British Columbia.

  13. FST.ai 2.5: Explainable and Uncertainty-Aware AI for Olympic and Para-Taekwondo Decision Support, Athlete Digital Twins, and Federation-Scale Analytics

    Jul 18, 2026Keivan Shariatmadar, Ahmad Osman, Ramin ReyAI-Assisted Decision MakingExplainable Artificial Intelligence

    AutomaTiQ Research Group, htw saar University of Applied Sciences and Fraunhofer IZFP, Saarbrücken, Germany · 2Sport Director, Austrian Taekwondo Union (ATU)

  14. HybridSim: A Physics-Learning Hybrid Digital Twin for mmWave Human Sensing

    Jul 17, 2026Weitao Xiong, Tianyu Liu, Peng Li +4Synthetic Data GenerationMillimeter-Wave Radar

    1Xiamen University Malaysia · 2The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · University of North Carolina at Charlotte

  15. AI-Augmented Adaptive Digital Twin Modeling for Brain Tumor Evolution Prediction and Treatment Scheduling

    Jul 15, 2026Wenxi Liu, Michael Trimboli, Xianqi LiDynamical SystemsReaction-Diffusion Systems

    Department of Mathematics and Systems Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, 32901, USA

  16. A Deployed Hybrid Vehicle-in-the-Loop Platform for Validating Cooperative Perception

    Jul 15, 2026Anastasia Bolovinou, Giorgos Hadjipavlis, Markos Antonopoulos +6Autonomous Driving Safety EvaluationDigital Twins

    Institute of Communication and Computer Systems, Athens, Greece

  17. Social Simulations: from Agent-Based Modeling to Digital Twins

    Jul 15, 2026Erica Cau, Andrea Failla, Valentina Pansanella +1Human Behavior SimulationAgent-Based Modeling

    Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa · ISTI-CNR

  18. AI YOU Town: Make Friends and Money with Your Digital Twin

    Jul 12, 2026Yan Lin, Yuyang Dai, Jiahui Geng +1Personality Modeling in Language ModelsDigital Twins

    INSAIT, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski” · Newcastle University · Linköping University

  19. Communication-Efficient Digital-Twin Coordination for Heterogeneous LLM Embodied Agents over Computing Power Networks

    Jul 10, 2026Nuocheng Yang, Sihua Wang, Zihan Chen +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Coordination

    Beijing Laboratory of Advanced Information Network, and the Beijing Key Laboratory of Network System Architecture and Convergence, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China · Information Systems Technology and Design Pillar, Singapore University of Technology and Design, 487372, Singapore

  20. Large Behavior Model: A Promptable Digital Twin of the Retail Customer

    Jul 8, 2026Wachiravit Modecrua, Krittin Pachtrachai, Touchapon KraisingkornLarge Language Model-Based RecommendationDigital Twins

    Amity Research and Application Center (ARAC), Amity AI Holdings Co., Ltd.

  21. WildCity: A Real-World City-Scale Testbed for Rendering, Simulation, and Spatial Intelligence

    Jul 7, 2026Xiangyu Han, Mengyu Yang, Jiaqi Li +9Autonomous Driving Datasets3D Reconstruction

    May Mobility, Ann Arbor, MI, USA · New York University, New York, NY, USA · Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA +1

  22. A Risk-Field Enhanced Closed-Loop Digital Twin Framework for Autonomous Driving Safety Validation

    Jul 7, 2026Yongzhi LiuAutonomous Driving Safety EvaluationDigital Twins

    School of Mechanical Engineering Southeast University Nanjing, China

  23. Onnes: A Physics-Grounded Multi-Agent LLM Simulator for Cryogenic Fault Diagnosis in Quantum Computing Infrastructure

    Jul 7, 2026Praneeth Narisetty, Uday Kumar Reddy Kattamanchi, Shiva Nagendra Babu KoreMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Onnes Research | San Francisco, CA

  24. From Closed-Loop Optimization to Open Decision Making: Coupled Digital Twins for Predictive and Autonomous Microscopy

    Jul 7, 2026Yu Liu, Boris Slautin, Ian Mercer +2Digital TwinsAutonomous Experimentation

    Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee, 37996, USA · Materials Science and Engineering Department, Materials Research Institute, the Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, 16802, USA

  25. Beyond Heuristics: A Standardized Real2Sim Pipeline for Physical Human Robot Interaction in Human-in-the-Loop Simulation

    Jul 3, 2026Chengyuan Yang, Yifan Wang, Chun Kwang Tan +5Robot System IdentificationSystem Identification

    School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 639798 Singapore · Guangdong Zhongxin Intelligent Rehabilitation Research Institute, Foshan, China 528200

  26. Patient-Specific Articulated Digital Twins from a Single Full-Body CT Scan

    Jul 2, 2026Han Zhang, Boyang Zhao, Mathias UnberathDigital TwinsComputed Tomography

    Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore MD 21218, USA

  27. Timesynth: A Temporal Fidelity Framework for Health Signal Digital Twins

    Jul 1, 2026Md Rakibul Haque, Shireen Elhabian, Warren Woodrich PettineTime Series ForecastingForecasting Benchmarks

    Scientific Computing and Imaging Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA. · Kahlert School of Computing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 84112, UT, USA. · Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.

  28. Knowledge-Driven Dimension Estimation from a Single Image -3D Asset Generation Technology for Digital Twin Construction

    Jun 29, 2026Hidenori Sakaniwa, Akihito Akai, Akihiko Hyodo3D ReconstructionMonocular 3D Reconstruction

    Data & Knowledge Management Research Department, Digital Infrastructure Innovation Center, Research & Development Group, Hitachi, Ltd., 1-280, Higashi-koigakubo, Kokubunji-shi, Tokyo, 185-8601, Japan

  29. In-Vehicle Digital Twin-Based Collision Warning Framework with Sybil Attack Detection

    Jun 26, 2026Mohammad Imtiaz Hasan, Abyad Enan, Jean Michel Tine +3Digital Twins

    Glenn Department of Civil Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, 29634, South Carolina, USA

  30. SimFoundry: Modular and Automated Scene Generation for Policy Learning and Evaluation

    Jun 26, 2026Nadun Ranawaka, Josiah Wong, Wei-Lin Pai +15Robotics SimulationSim-to-Real Transfer

    NVIDIA · Stanford University · The University of Texas at Austin +2