Medical Diagnosis

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21 papers in the last four weeks, up 320% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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Latest papers 168

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Unlocking In-Context Learning in Audio-Language Models from Decentralized Medical Audio
Jun 22, 2026Ran Piao, Tsai-Ning Wang, Martijn den Dekker +4Few-Shot Audio Classification Multimodal ICL
Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands · Erasmus MC, The Netherlands · Rijnstate Hospital, The Netherlands +1
Evo-RAD: Navigating Rare Retinal Disease Diagnosis via Self-Evolving Agentic Retrieval
Jun 22, 2026Wangding Xia, Ye Du, Jiashi Lin +3Reinforcement Learning Rare Disease Diagnosis
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · School of Computer Science, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, China · Centre for Innovation and Precision Eye Health, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore +3
Dementia-Agents: A Multi-Modal Multi-Agent System for Dementia Staging and Phenotyping
Jun 19, 2026Yaling Shen, Maja Christensen, Yiwen Jiang +4Medical Diagnosis Multimodal Agents
Monash University · Eastern Health · Lived Experience Advisor
Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis using a Multimodal Approach with 3D MRI and PET
Jun 18, 2026Loukas Ilias, Anthi-Maria Vozinaki, Christos Ntanos +1Medical Diagnosis 3D Medical Imaging
DSS Lab, School of ECE, NTUA, 15780 Athens, Greece
Language Models as Interfaces, Not Oracles: A Hybrid LLM-ML System for Pediatric Appendicitis
Jun 17, 2026Soheyl Bateni, Maryam AbdolaliMedical Diagnosis Clinical Decision Support
K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
When LLMs Analyze Scars: From Images to Clinically-Meaningful Features
Jun 16, 2026Ruman Wang, Hangting YeMedical Diagnosis Medical Image Classification
Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine · School of Artificial Intelligence, Jilin University
DynFS-MoE: Dynamic Functional-Structural Mixture-of-Experts for Post-Traumatic Epilepsy Diagnosis
Jun 15, 2026Jun-En Ding, Spencer Chen, Henry Noren +6Medical Diagnosis Neuroimaging
Department of Industrial and Systems Engineering, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA · Department of Systems Engineering, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ, USA
NeoJaundice-AI: Smartphone-Based Neonatal Jaundice Detection Using Dual-Input Deep Learning and Synthetic Augmentation
Jun 14, 2026Rahul Patel, Nirjala JarpulaData Augmentation Medical Diagnosis
Dept. of Electronics & Communication Engg. · Indian Institute of Information Technology Surat · Surat, Gujarat, India – 395007
Towards Global AI-Driven Cervical Cancer Screening
Jun 12, 2026Thuy Nuong Tran, Ömer Sümer, Evangelia Christodoulou +15Medical Diagnosis Medical Image Classification
Intelligent Medical Systems E130, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany · Department of Applied Tumor Biology, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany · Cooperation Unit F210, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany +9
GMN4AD: Graph Matching Network for Alzheimer's Disease Diagnosis with Test-Time Domain Adaptation using Multi-centered Structure Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Jun 11, 2026Chen Zhao, Huan Huang, Yixin Xie +2Graph Neural Networks Test-Time Adaptation
Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, 30060 · Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, 30060 · School of Data Science and Analytics, Kennesaw State University, Marietta, GA, 30060 +1
ProMUSE: Progressive Multi-modal Uncertainty-guided Staged Evidential Alzheimer Disease Classification
Jun 11, 2026Long Doan, Branden Chen, Ethan Litton +6Efficient Multimodal Inference Evidential Deep Learning
Department of Computer Science, Kennesaw State University · Department of Data Science and Analytics, Kennesaw State University · Department of Information Technology, Kennesaw State University +2
Mental-R1: Aligning LLM Reasoning for Mental Health Assessment
Jun 11, 2026Xin Wang, Boyan Gao, Yibo Yang +1Cognitive Modeling Medical Diagnosis
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K · Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, U.K. · Oxford Suzhou Centre for Advanced Research, Suzhou, China
Lung-R1: A Knowledge Graph-Guided LLM for Pulmonary Diagnostic Reasoning
Jun 10, 2026Haoyang Zeng, Yuanxi Fu, Rongzhen Li +11Medical Diagnosis Clinical Reasoning
School of Computer Science, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China · AI Research Institution, Mashang Financial Institution · Department of Information, Third Military Medical University
Optimizing 2D Input Representations and Sub-phase Fusion Strategies for Differential Diagnosis of Asthma and COPD Using CNN- and GRU-Based Networks
Jun 9, 2026Ipek Sen, Ozgur Ozdemir, Elena Battini SonmezMedical Diagnosis Convolutional Neural Networks
Dept. Electrical and Electronics Engineering Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey · Dept. Computer Engineering Istanbul Bilgi University, Turkey
Patient-Level Diagnosis of Acute Myeloid Leukemia via Deep Learning Analysis of Bone Marrow Smear
Jun 9, 2026Yuqi Ma, Tianyi Wang, Weihua Meng +6Computational Pathology Medical Diagnosis
State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China. · Peking University People’s Hospital, Peking University Institute of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease, Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Beijing 100044, China. · Shanghai Dishuo Beiken Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Building 9-10, No. 3377 Kangxin Highway, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201315, China.
Interpretable Temporal Facial-Region Motion Analysis for In-the-Wild Parkinson's Disease Video Classification
Jun 8, 2026Riyadh AlmushrafyVideo Understanding Medical Diagnosis
Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia · Department of Computer Science and Information, College of Science, Majmaah University, Saudi Arabia
SpineReport: Automated 3D Quantification and Reporting of Lumbar Spine Degeneration on MRI
Jun 8, 2026Nathan Molinier, Adrian A. Marth, Reto Sutter +6Medical Diagnosis 3D Medical Imaging
1NeuroPoly, Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Polytechnique Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada · 2Mila, Quebec AI Institute, Montreal, QC, Canada · Department of Radiology, Balgrist University Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland +7
MAGIS: Evidence-Based Multi-Agent Reasoning for Interpretable Strabismus Clinical Decision-Making
Jun 8, 2026Xikai Tang, Yifan Wang, Jiafan Zhuang +12Medical Diagnosis Medical VLMs
School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China · Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, China · Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, 515041, China +5
PACT: Learning Diverse Diagnostic Strategies via Privileged Synthesis and Branch Consensus
Jun 8, 2026Gen Li, Yuanze Hu, Zhichao Yang +10Medical Diagnosis Clinical Reasoning
Beihang University · Baidu · ByteDance +2
Evidence-Based Intelligent Diagnostic and Therapeutic Visualization System with Large Language Models: Multi-Turn Interaction and Multimodal Treatment Plan Generation
Jun 5, 2026Yunhan Wang, Yuda Wang, Zhiying Tu +5Medical Diagnosis Clinical Decision Support
Harbin Institute of Technology, Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China · Shandong Key Laboratory of Digital Service Computing Technology and Systems, China · Weihai Municipal Hospital, Weihai, Shandong, China +3
A Pathology Foundation Model for Gastric Cancer with Real-World Validation
Jun 3, 2026Ling Liang, Jiabo Ma, Zhengyu Zhang +25Computational Pathology Medical Diagnosis
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR, China · Department of Pathology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China · Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China +18
Quantifying the biophysical properties of stomatocytes in health and disease
Jun 2, 2026Zhaojie Chai, Jianlu Zheng, He Li +2Structural Mechanics Medical Diagnosis
Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States · Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts · College of Engineering, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States
Gender-Dependent Diagnostic Substitution in LLM Medical Triage: Same Symptoms, Unequal Urgency
Jun 2, 2026Qi Han WongGender Bias in Language Models Clinical Triage
MeDxAgent: Multi-Agent Consultation for Interactive Medical Diagnosis
Jun 2, 2026Akshat Sanghvi, Naren Akash, Raza Imam +2Multi-Agent LLM Systems Medical Diagnosis
Microsoft Research India · Institute of AI and Innovation, AIG Hospitals · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
Traj-Evolve: A Self-Evolving Multi-Agent System for Patient Trajectory Modeling in Lung Cancer Early Detection
Jun 1, 2026Sihang Zeng, Matthew Thompson, Ruth Etzioni +1Retrieval-Augmented Generation Medical Diagnosis
University of Washington · Fred Hutch Cancer Center · Google
When Rating Scales Fall Short: LLM-Assisted Discovery of ADHD Signals in Turkish Teacher Narratives
Jun 1, 2026Baris Karacan, Irem Aktar Songur, Ahmet Ozaslan +1Medical Diagnosis Clinical Information Extraction
Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago · Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Gazi University
Brain-Atlas-Guided Generative Counterfactual Attention for Explainable Cognitive Decline Diagnosis Using Multimodal Connectomes
May 31, 2026Xiongri Shen, Jiaqi Wang, Zhenxi Song +5Alzheimer's Disease Counterfactual Explanations
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China · School of Intelligence Science and Engineering, College of Artificial Intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical, Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
3D Segment Anything Model with Visual Mamba for Diagnosing Placenta Accreta Spectrum
May 30, 2026Yuliang Zhang, Fang He, Lulu Peng +5Promptable Image Segmentation Medical Diagnosis
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China · Department of Obstetrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China · Department of Radiology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China +1
Beyond Accuracy: Evaluating Efficiency, Robustness and Explainability in Deep Learning for Malaria Diagnosis
May 29, 2026Olivier Kanamugire, Kerol DjoumessiEfficient Neural Network Inference Image Corruption Robustness
African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Kigali, Rwanda · Hertie Institute for AI in Brain Health, University of Tübingen, Germany
iLoRA: Bayesian Low-Rank Adaptation with Latent Interaction Graphs for Microbiome Diagnosis
May 28, 2026Yang Song, Yixuan Zhang, Lingfa Meng +5Graph Structure Learning Medical Diagnosis
Section of Health Data Science & AI, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark · Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA +1

Jun 22, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Unlocking In-Context Learning in Audio-Language Models from Decentralized Medical Audio

Ran Piao, Tsai-Ning Wang, Martijn den Dekker, Linda Moonen+3

Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands · Erasmus MC, The Netherlands · Rijnstate Hospital, The Netherlands+1

Few-Shot Audio Classification Multimodal ICL Medical Diagnosis Audio-Language Models Audio Classification Federated Learning

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Clinical audio diagnosis in low-resource settings requires models that identify conditions from minimal examples without large annotated corpora. We propose Federated Self-Contextualization (FSC), a multimodal language model framework for in-context clinical audio diagnosis across federated hospital clients. FSC constructs pseudo-label episodes via unsupervised clustering of audio representations, bypassing scarce real diagnostic labels, and enables contextual reasoning from support-query pairs. Our progressive three-stage pipeline first aligns audio embeddings with the language model via caption-based pretraining, then adapts it for episodic in-context inference through federated optimization. At test time, given a small labeled support set, the model diagnoses an unseen query through multimodal reasoning. On held-out respiratory and cardiac conditions, FSC achieves 71.6% accuracy in 2-way 2-shot evaluation, outperforming audio-language baselines by over 9%.

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