Clinical Reasoning

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24 papers in the last four weeks, up 14% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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Uncertainty Reasoning with Large Language Models for Explainable Disease Diagnosis
May 25, 2026Xiaoyang Fan, Yufan Cai, Zhe Hou +1Clinical Decision Support Clinical Reasoning
National University of Singapore · Griffith University
MDIA: A Multi-Agent Diagnostic Intelligence Pipeline on HealthBench Professional
May 23, 2026Roberto Cruz, David Rey-BlancoMulti-Agent LLM Systems Healthcare
TietAI
GlobalDentBench: A Multinational Benchmark for Evaluating LLM Clinical Reasoning in Dentistry with Expert Calibration
May 23, 2026Junjie Zhao, Jingyi Liang, Zhenyang Cai +22Language Model Safety Evaluation Clinical Reasoning
DDX-TRACE: A Benchmark for Medical Diagnostic Trajectories in VLMs
May 22, 2026Jiazhen Pan, Weixiang Shen, Jun Li +7Medical Imaging Radiology VLMs
Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML) +3
ChronoMedKG: A Temporally-Grounded Biomedical Knowledge Graph and Benchmark for Clinical Reasoning
May 21, 2026Md Shamim Ahmed, Farzaneh Firoozbakht, Lukas Galke Poech +2KG Construction Healthcare
University of Southern Denmark · University of Hamburg
Active Evidence-Seeking and Diagnostic Reasoning in Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Support
May 21, 2026Chen Zhan, Xihe Qiu, Xiaoyu Tan +8Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China. · Department, Tencent Youtu Lab, Shanghai, 200233, China. · Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. +4
ClinSeekAgent: Automating Multimodal Evidence Seeking for Agentic Clinical Reasoning
May 19, 2026Juncheng Wu, Letian Zhang, Yuhan Wang +5Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
UC Santa Cruz
Reasoning Before Diagnosis: Physician-Inspired Structured Thinking for ECG Classification
May 17, 2026Yang Wu, Xiaoyan Yuan, Hau-San Wong +1RL for Language Model Reasoning Electrocardiogram Classification
1City University of Hong Kong · 2Beijing Institute of Technology · 3Shenzhen MSU-BIT University
RealICU: Do LLM Agents Understand Long-Context ICU Data? A Benchmark Beyond Behavior Imitation
May 13, 2026Chengzhi Shen, Weixiang Shen, Tobias Susetzky +8Healthcare Clinical Decision-Making
Cherise · Technical University of Munich (TUM) · TUM University Hospital +8
Checkup2Action: A Multimodal Clinical Check-up Report Dataset for Patient-Oriented Action Card Generation
May 12, 2026Sike Xiang, Shuang Chen, Kevin Qinghong Lin +4Medical Report Generation Healthcare
Durham University Durham, UK · University of Oxford Oxford, UK
RadThinking: A Dataset for Longitudinal Clinical Reasoning in Radiology
May 11, 2026Wenxuan Li, Pedro R. A. S. Bassi, Xinze Zhou +3Healthcare Medical VQA
Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University · Clinic of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Basel · Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine
Medical Model Synthesis Architectures: A Case Study
May 10, 2026Katherine M. Collins, Marlene Berke, Ilia Sucholutsky +6Explainable Artificial Intelligence Healthcare
MIT · University of Cambridge · Princeton University +8
CodeClinic: Evaluating Automation of Coding Skills for Clinical Reasoning Agents
May 10, 2026Timothy Ossowski, Xinchi Liu, Danyal Maqbool +6Healthcare LLM Agent Skill Learning
University of Wisconsin–Madison · 2Microsoft Research
CLR-voyance: Reinforcing Open-Ended Reasoning for Inpatient Clinical Decision Support with Outcome-Aware Rubrics
May 10, 2026Aishik Nagar, Arun-Kumar Kaliya-Perumal, Yu-Hsuan Han +5Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services (AICS) · Rehabilitation Research Institute of Singapore, Nanyang Technological University · Department of Family Medicine,2026 Taipei Veterans General Hospital +2
EpiGraph: Building Generalists for Evidence-Intensive Epilepsy Reasoning in the Wild
May 10, 2026Yuyang Dai, Zheng Chen, Jathurshan Pradeepkumar +4KG Construction Retrieval-Augmented Generation
Florida State University · The University of Osaka · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
Towards Conversational Medical AI with Eyes, Ears and a Voice
May 10, 2026Meet Shah, Jason Gusdorf, Anil Palepu +50Audio-Visual Understanding Healthcare
Human-LLM Dialogue Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Emergency Care
May 8, 2026Burcu Sayin, Ngoc Vo Hong, Ipek Baris Schlicht +8Healthcare Clinical Decision Support
Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Italy · Department of Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (ASUIT), Trento, Italy · Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain +2
MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMs
May 8, 2026Hsin-Ling Hsu, Zizheng Wang, Donghua Zhang +9Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
1National Chengchi University · 2Georgetown University · University of Michigan +3
PerCaM-Health: Personalized Dynamic Causal Graphs for Healthcare Reasoning
May 8, 2026Elahe Khatibi, Ziyu Wang, Saba A. Farahani +4Structural Causal Models Healthcare
University of California, Irvine · Washington University in St. Louis
ReMedi: Reasoner for Medical Clinical Prediction
May 2, 2026Yushi Cao, Yiming Chen, Hongchao Jiang +2Fine-Tuning Clinical Outcome Prediction
ASUS Intelligent Cloud Services (AICS), Singapore · NTU Artificial Intelligence Center of Research Excellence (NTU AI-CoRE), Taiwan · National University of Singapore, Singapore
SAGE: A Strategy-Aware Graph-Enhanced Generation Framework For Online Counseling
Apr 29, 2026Eliya Naomi Aharon, Meytal Grimland, Avi Segal +4Mental Health Counseling Mental Health
Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Beer Sheva, Israel · University of Haifa Haifa, Israel · Sahar Tel Aviv, Israel
CheXthought: A global multimodal dataset of clinical chain-of-thought reasoning and visual attention for chest X-ray interpretation
Apr 29, 2026Sonali Sharma, Jin Long, George Shih +7Chest X-Ray Classification Medical Image Analysis
Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine and Imaging, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA · Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA +6
MedSynapse-V: Bridging Visual Perception and Clinical Intuition via Latent Memory Evolution
Apr 29, 2026Chunzheng Zhu, Jiaqi Zeng, Junyu Jiang +2Memory-Augmented Language Models Medical Image Analysis
Hunan University, Changsha, China
SCOPE:Planning for Hybrid Querying over Clinical Trial Data
Apr 28, 2026Suparno Roy Chowdhury, Manan Roy Choudhury, Tejas Anvekar +5Table QA Healthcare
1Arizona State University · 2Mayo Clinic
Agentic clinical reasoning over longitudinal myeloma records: a retrospective evaluation against expert consensus
Apr 27, 2026Johannes Moll, Jannik Lübberstedt, Christoph Nuernbergk +21Healthcare LLM Agent Evaluation
Chair for AI in Healthcare and Medicine, Technical University of Munich (TUM) and TUM University Hospital, Munich, Germany · Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Klinikum rechts der Isar, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany · Department of Cardiovascular Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, German Heart Center, TUM University Hospital, School of Medicine and Health, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany +11
MultiDx: A Multi-Source Knowledge Integration Framework towards Diagnostic Reasoning
Apr 27, 2026Yimin Deng, Zhenxi Lin, Yejing Wang +9Knowledge Augmentation for Language Models Medical Diagnosis
Xi’an Jiaotong University · City University of Hong Kong · Tencent Jarvis Lab +1
Quantum Knowledge Graph: Modeling Context-Dependent Triplet Validity
Apr 27, 2026Yao Wang, Zixu Geng, Jun YanKG Construction Knowledge Representation
HKAI-Sci, City University of Hong Kong · Department of Automation, Tsinghua University · Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University
Thinking Like a Clinician: A Cognitive AI Agent for Clinical Diagnosis via Panoramic Profiling and Adversarial Debate
Apr 26, 2026Zhiqi Lv, Duofan Tu, Jun Li +4Tree of Thoughts Clinical Decision Support
School of Biomedical Engineering, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, 230026, P.R. China · Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, P.R. China · Key Lab of Intelligent Information Processing of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Institute of Computing Technology, CAS, Beijing, PR China +2
X-PCR: A Benchmark for Cross-modality Progressive Clinical Reasoning in Ophthalmic Diagnosis
Apr 22, 2026Gui Wang, Zehao Zhong, YongSong Zhou +6Healthcare Medical Diagnosis
School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University · 2Tsinghua University · 5Wenzhou Medical University +3
MoBayes: A Modular Bayesian Framework for Separating Reasoning from Language in Conversational Clinical Decision Support
Apr 21, 2026Yusuf Kesmen, Fay Elhassan, Jiayi Ma +7Selective Prediction Clinical Decision Support
LiGHT, EPFL · University of Bern · CLAN, Aarhus University

May 25, 2026, cs.AIJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Uncertainty Reasoning with Large Language Models for Explainable Disease Diagnosis

Xiaoyang Fan, Yufan Cai, Zhe Hou, Jin Song Dong

National University of Singapore · Griffith University

Clinical Decision Support Clinical Reasoning Neuro-Symbolic Reasoning Medical LLMs

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Clinical decision-making requires reasoning over incomplete, imprecise, and linguistically expressed patient narratives. While large language models (LLMs) excel at extracting latent information from natural language, they lack the verifiability and interpretability essential for trustworthy medical AI. We propose a neuro-symbolic reasoning framework that aligns LLMs with formal logic to enable explainable and formally verifiable medical diagnosis. Patient descriptions and clinical guidelines are embedded into a neural knowledge base, where LLMs extract structured medical entities, temporal relations, and fuzzy symptom patterns, which are decoded into a symbolic knowledge base expressed in fuzzy logic and declarative rules. We perform two-stage reasoning: (1) inductive symbolic generalization to capture diagnostic patterns from encoded narratives, and (2) inference verification via a logic programming engine to derive and validate diagnoses consistent with clinical standards. Each symptom is treated as a fuzzy predicate with probabilistic weights, and inference paths are auditable, adjustable, and compatible with physician feedback. Unlike purely statistical methods, our system supports iterative refinement: misalignment between LLM-generated diagnoses and ground truth can be traced, explained, and corrected through formal rules. By combining logic-based transparency, LLM adaptability, and probabilistic robustness, the framework enables human-aligned healthcare inference with strong generalization and verifiable, step-by-step reasoning chains. We validate our framework on public benchmarks, demonstrating effective reconciliation of symbolic reasoning and LLMs with real-world clinical narratives. Results show performance comparable to state-of-the-art LLMs, while additionally providing interpretable reasoning paths and formally verifiable diagnostic conclusions.