Diagnosis

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31 papers in the last four weeks, down 11% on the four weeks before. 0.4% of all new papers.

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MeDxAgent: Multi-Agent Consultation for Interactive Medical Diagnosis
Jun 2, 2026Akshat Sanghvi, Naren Akash, Raza Imam +2Diagnosis Multiple-Choice Questions
Microsoft Research India · Institute of AI and Innovation, AIG Hospitals · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
Diagnosis of Human Object Interaction Detectors for Real World Educational Applications
Jun 1, 2026Divya Mereddy, Ashwin Tudur Sadashiva, Marcos Quinones-Grueiro +1Articulated Objects Diagnosis
Vanderbilt University Nashville, TN, USA
FairGen: Preference-Aligned Diffusion for Demographically Equitable Medical Image Synthesis
Jun 1, 2026Zhimin Li, Ruichen Zhang, Zhen Tan +3Medical Image Generation Diffusion Alignment
University of Pittsburgh, Swanson School of Engineering, Pittsburgh, 15261, USA · 2The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Department of Computer Science, Chapel Hill, 27599, USA · 3Arizona State University, School of Computing and Augmented Intelligence, Tempe, 85281, USA +1
PerBite: A Curated Diagnostic Workflow for Bite-Aware Food Volume Estimation
Jun 1, 2026Ahmad AlMughrabi, Farid Al-Areqi, David Fernández Gómez +4Diet Volume
1Universitat de Barcelona, Spain. · 4LogMeal, AIGecko Technologies S.L. · 2Grup de Tecnologies Interactives, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Spain. +1
Learning Label-Efficient Interpretable Medical Image Diagnosis via Semi-supervised Hypergraph Concept Bottleneck Model
Jun 1, 2026Yijun Yang, Ruiqiang Xiao, Lijie Hu +4Multiple Instance Learning Label Propagation
HKUST(GZ) · Joy Future Academy · MBZUAI +3
Brain-Atlas-Guided Generative Counterfactual Attention for Explainable Cognitive Decline Diagnosis Using Multimodal Connectomes
May 31, 2026Xiongri Shen, Jiaqi Wang, Zhenxi Song +5Mild Cognitive Impairment Human Connectome Project
Department of Computer Science and Technology, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China · School of Intelligence Science and Engineering, College of Artificial Intelligence, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China · School of Biomedical Engineering, National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound, Guangdong Key Laboratory for Biomedical, Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging, Shenzhen University Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
A Per-Component Diagnostic Protocol for Neural HJB-PIDE Solvers under Control-Dependent Lévy Jumps
May 31, 2026R. DrissiNeural Solvers Hamilton-Jacobi Reachability
PropLLM: Propagation-Aware Scene Reconstruction for Network Fault Diagnosis
May 30, 2026Zongzong Wu, Ming Zhao, Fengxiao Tang +1Root Cause Analysis Diagnosis
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, China · Graduate School of Information Sciences (GSIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
HyBIRD: Hyperbolic Bridge Retrieval and Diagnosis for Methodology Inspiration Retrieval
May 29, 2026Yang Yang, Boyun Xu, Hao Fu +6Retrievers Missing Bridge
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511400, China · Shandong University, Weihai Campus, 180 Wenhua West Road, Weihai, 264209, Shandong, P.R. China · Institute of Deep Perception Technology, JITRI, Wuxi 214000, China
Same Patient, Different Words, Different Diagnosis? Evaluating Semantic Stability in Clinical LLMs
May 28, 2026Mahdi Alkaeed, Adnan Qayyum, Nabeel Abo Kashreef +2Clinical Diagnosis
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar · College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Doha, Qatar · Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar +1
MedCase-Structured: A Text-to-FHIR Dataset for Benchmarking Diagnostic Reasoning in Clinically Realistic EHR Settings
May 28, 2026Valentina Bui Muti, Eugénie Dulout, Ziquan FuClinical Reasoning Training Clinical Decision Support
System Inc., New York, NY, USA.
NICE: A Theory-Grounded Diagnostic Benchmark for Social Intelligence of LLMs
May 28, 2026Yunjin Qi, Zhaojun Jiang, Xuan Wu +10Diagnostic Benchmark Intelligence
Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University · College of Artificial Intelligence, Zhejiang University · 3Human Machine Interaction Lab, Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. +1
An Approach for Thyroid Nodule Analysis Using Thermographic Images
May 28, 2026J. R. González, É. O. Rodrigues, C. P. Damião +6Thermal Imaging Tumor
Computer Science Department, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Av. Milton Tavares de Souzas, s/n—Boa Viagem, Niterói, RJ 24210-330, Brazil · Radiology Department, Hospital Universitário Antônio Pedro (HUAP), Av. Marquês do Paraná, 303, Niterói, RJ, Brazil · Applied Computation Group NCA-UFMA, Universidade Federal do Maranhão, Av. dos Portugueses, São Luís, 1966, MA, Brazil +2
Attribute-Based Diagnosis of LLM Alignment with Hate Speech Annotations
May 26, 2026Mohammad Amine Jradi, Faeze Ghorbanpour, Alexander FraserHate Speech Detection Large Language Model Annotations
School of Computation, Information and Technology, TU Munich Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML)
Evidence Absence Is Not Evidence Insufficiency: Diagnosing NEI Construction Artifacts in Fact Verification
May 26, 2026Jingxi Qiu, Zeyu Han, Cheng HuangIncomplete Evidence Category-Aware Atomic Claims
ZenWeave AI · Georgetown University
Clinically-Grounded Counterfactual Reasoning for Medical Video Diagnosis
May 26, 2026Jianzhe Gao, Churan Wang, Weiyi Zhang +5Medical Visual Question Answering Diagnosis
Semigroup Consistency as a Diagnostic for Learned Physics Simulators
May 25, 2026Lennon J. ShikhmanPhysics Simulation Short-Horizon Forecasting
Georgia Institute of Technology
Context-driven Missing-Modality Learning for Robust Medical Diagnosis with Image-Tabular Data
May 25, 2026Tianling Liu, Lequan Yu, Tong Han +1Multimodal Clinical Data Multimodal Learning
College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China. · Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, School of Computing and Data Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. · Department of Radiology, Tianjin Huanhu Hospital, Tianjin 300350, China. +2
Uncertainty Reasoning with Large Language Models for Explainable Disease Diagnosis
May 25, 2026Xiaoyang Fan, Yufan Cai, Zhe Hou +1LLM Reasoning Strategies Diagnosis
National University of Singapore · Griffith University
Relative Repairability: A Calibration-Based Diagnostic for High-Sparsity Post-Pruning Allocation
May 25, 2026Qishi Zhan, Liang He, Minxuan Hu +1Sparsity Resnet-18
Marquette University · Tongji University · Cornell University +1
Methodology for Creating a Clinically Verified Dermoscopic Image Dataset
May 24, 2026Kozachok Elena SergeevnaSkin Lesion Classification Medical Imaging Datasets
Ivannikov Institute for System Programming of RAS, Moscow, Russia
WhenLoss: Diagnosing Write and Retrieval Bottlenecks in Long-Context Memory Systems
May 23, 2026Jiangnan Yu, Kisson Songqi Lin, Jilong WuQuestion-Answering Benchmarks Bottlenecks
Asymmetric Adaptation-based Real-time Fault Diagnosis Under Transitional Operating Conditions
May 23, 2026Hongshuo Zhao, Zeyi Liu, Xiao HeFault Diagnosis Multimodal Domain Generalization
MCC5 Group Shanghai Co. LTD Shanghai, China
ConceptM $^3$ oE: Concept-Guided Multimodal Mixture of Experts for Interpretable Computational Pathology
May 23, 2026Xuan Wang, Zhongling Xu, Gopi Kannedhara +13Computational Pathology Multimodal Clinical Data
University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA · University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA · Dell Children’s Medical Center, Austin, TX, USA +2
Divergent Recommendations, Convergent Diagnoses: Cross-Provider Failure-Mode Convergence in AI Commercial Recommendation
May 22, 2026Will Jack, Noah Lehman, Keller Maloney +1Brand-As-Memory Ai-Based
Unusual
VisAnalog: A Diagnostic Suite for Visual Concept Transfer on Natural Images
May 22, 2026Zhaonan Li, Kyle R. Chickering, Bangzheng Li +13Vision Datasets Vista
Arizona State University · Luma AI · UC Davis
Active Evidence-Seeking and Diagnostic Reasoning in Large Language Models for Clinical Decision Support
May 21, 2026Chen Zhan, Xihe Qiu, Xiaoyu Tan +8Clinical Decision Support Diagnosis
School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai University of Engineering Science, Shanghai, 201620, China. · Department, Tencent Youtu Lab, Shanghai, 200233, China. · Department of Oncology, Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 201508, China. +4
Look-Closer-Then-Diagnose: Confidence-Aware Ultrasound VQA via Active Zooming
May 20, 2026Yue Zhou, Erxuan Wu, Yikang Sun +5Ultrasound Diagnosis
Computer Aided Medical Procedures (CAMP), TU Munich, Germany · Munich Center for Machine Learning (MCML), Munich, Germany · Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, China +1
ShapeBench: A Scalable Benchmark and Diagnostic Suite for Standardized Evaluation in Aerodynamic Shape Optimization
May 20, 2026Shaghayegh Fazliani, Krissh Chawla, Jack Guo +3Aerodynamics Shape Optimization
Stanford University. · Spinoza Labs.
MedExpMem: Adapting Experience Memory for Differential Diagnosis
May 20, 2026Qianhan Feng, Zhongzhen Huang, Yakun Zhu +4Diagnosis Medical Vision-Language Models
The Chinese University of Hong Kong · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Shanghai Innovation Institue
Prompting language influences diagnostic reasoning and accuracy of large language models
May 18, 2026Adrien Bazoge, Josselin Corvellec, Sofiane Djillali Sid-Ahmed +1Diagnosis Clinical Decision Support
Data Clinic, Nantes University Hospital, France
Beyond Morphology: Quantifying the Diagnostic Power of Color Features in Cancer Classification
May 18, 2026Farnaz Kheiri, Shahryar Rahnamayan, Masoud MakrehchiCancer Detection Tissue
Dept. of Electrical, Computer and Software Engineering Ontario Tech University Oshawa, Ontario, Canada · Dept. of Engineering Brock University St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada
Rad-VLSM: A Cross-Modal Framework with Semantics-Assisted Prompting for Medical Segmentation and Diagnosis
May 18, 2026Fengyi Zhang, Xujie Zeng, Mohan Liu +2Diagnosis Visible Image Fusion
DiagEval: Trajectory-Conditioned Diagnosis for Reliable Software Evaluation with GUI Agents
May 17, 2026Sirui Hong, Zhijie Liu, Tengfei Li +3Model Debugging Diagnosis
1DeepWisdom · 2Independent Researcher · 3The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)
Radial-Angular Geometry for Reliable Update Diagnosis in Noisy-Label Learning
May 17, 2026Ningkang Peng, Jingyang Mao, Xiaoqian Peng +2Noisy Labels Diagnosis
Nanjing Normal University · Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine
Reasoning Before Diagnosis: Physician-Inspired Structured Thinking for ECG Classification
May 17, 2026Yang Wu, Xiaoyan Yuan, Hau-San Wong +1Electrocardiogram Classification Cardiac
1City University of Hong Kong · 2Beijing Institute of Technology · 3Shenzhen MSU-BIT University
Spectral Priors vs. Attention: Investigating the Utility of Attention Mechanisms in EEG-Based Diagnosis
May 14, 2026Tawsik Jawad, Gowtham Atluri, Vikram RavindraSmall-Sample Electroencephalogram Datasets Spectral Features
University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Holistic Evaluation and Failure Diagnosis of AI Agents
May 14, 2026Netta Madvil, Gilad Dym, Alon Mecilati +12Agentic Evaluations Diagnosis
Deepchecks, Ramat Gan, Israel
Diagnosing and Correcting Concept Omission in Multimodal Diffusion Transformers
May 14, 2026Kanghyun Baek, Jaihyun Lew, Chaehun Shin +2Diffusion Transformers Omissions
Interdisciplinary Program in Artificial Intelligence, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea · Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea +1
PRA-PoE: Robust Multimodal Alzheimer's Diagnosis with Arbitrary Missing Modalities
May 13, 2026Guangqian Yang, Ye Du, Wenlong Hou +2Missing Modalities Multimodal Learning
Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · Department of Technology Management for Innovation, The University of Tokyo,2026 Japan · Department of Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
Brain Tumor Classification in MRI Images: A Computationally Efficient Convolutional Neural Network
May 11, 2026Md Fahimul Kabir Chowdhury, Jannatul FerdousBrain Tumor Classification Convolutional Neural Networks
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, USA · Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, International Islamic University Chittagong, Bangladesh
ASD-Bench: A Four-Axis Comprehensive Benchmark of AI Models for Autism Spectrum Disorder
May 11, 2026Shubhankit Singh, Hassan Shaikh, Kuldeep Raghuwanshi +1Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnostic Benchmark
Research Commons AI · IIT Bombay · IIT Delhi
Acceptance Cards:A Four-Diagnostic Standard for Safe Fine-Tuning Defense Claims
May 11, 2026Phongsakon Mark Konrad, Toygar Tanyel, Serkan AyvazLarge Language Model Safety Model Fine-Tuning
Centre for Industrial Software, University of Southern Denmark, Alsion 2, Sønderborg, 6400, Denmark · ProMake, Newark, DE, USA
Efficient Neural Architectures for Real-Time ECG Interpretation on Limited Hardware
May 11, 2026Ashery Mbilinyi, Callum O'Riley, Julia Handra +8Electrocardiogram Classification Adult-To-Pediatric Electrocardiogram Transfer
Department of Computer Science University of Victoria Victoria, Canada · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada · Faculty of Medicine University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada +4
The Metacognitive Probe: Five Behavioural Calibration Diagnostics for LLMs
May 11, 2026Rafael C. T. OliveiraMetacognition Confidence Calibration
Independent Researcher
SAGE: Scalable Agentic Grounded Evaluation for Crop Disease Diagnosis
May 10, 2026Muhammad Arbab Arshad, Tirtho Roy, Yanben Shen +7Leaf Disease Classification Disease
Iowa State University, USA · New York University, USA
Medical Model Synthesis Architectures: A Case Study
May 10, 2026Katherine M. Collins, Marlene Berke, Ilia Sucholutsky +6Clinical Reasoning Training Clinical Prediction
MIT · University of Cambridge · Princeton University +8
When Adaptation Fails: A Gradient-Based Diagnosis of Collapsed Gating in Vision-Language Prompt Learning
May 10, 2026Yunxuan Fang, Ziwei Zhang, Xinhe WangVision-Language Model Adaptation Multiple Prompt Learning Frameworks
Beihang University · Beijing, China
Diagnosing and Mitigating Domain Shift in Permission-Based Android Malware Detection
May 9, 2026Md Rafid IslamMitigating Domain Shift Malware
North South University, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Bashundhara, Dhaka, 1229, Bangladesh
From pre-training to downstream performance: Does domain-specific pre-training make sense?
May 9, 2026Felix KronesMultimodal Pretraining Pretraining
Oxford Internet Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
Debugging the Debuggers: Failure-Anchored Structured Recovery for Software Engineering Agents
May 9, 2026Chenyu Zhao, Shenglin Zhang, Yihang Lin +7Model Debugging Diagnosis
Nankai University Tianjin, China · Tsinghua University Beijing, China · Microsoft Redmond, USA
Reconciling Consistency-Based Diagnosis with Actual-Causality-Based Explanations
May 9, 2026Leopoldo BertossiXai Explainable Artificial Intelligence
Carleton University, Canada · IMFD, Chile · Emeritus Professor. Adjunct Professor Western University, Canada.
PromptDx: Differentiable Prompt Tuning for Multimodal In-Context Alzheimer's Diagnosis
May 9, 2026Lujia Zhong, Yihao Xia, Shuo Huang +2Multimodal Clinical Data Alzheimer
Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California · Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California · Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California
Human-LLM Dialogue Improves Diagnostic Accuracy in Emergency Care
May 8, 2026Burcu Sayin, Ngoc Vo Hong, Ipek Baris Schlicht +8Clinical Reasoning Training Emergency Departments
Department of Information Engineering and Computer Science, University of Trento, Italy · Department of Medicine, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Integrata del Trentino (ASUIT), Trento, Italy · Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain +2
Diagnosing Spectral Ceilings in Equivariant Neural Force Fields
May 8, 2026Hyunmog KimSpectral Neural Fields
Independent Researcher.
MedAction: Towards Active Multi-turn Clinical Diagnostic LLMs
May 8, 2026Hsin-Ling Hsu, Zizheng Wang, Donghua Zhang +9Diagnosis Patient Trajectories
1National Chengchi University · 2Georgetown University · University of Michigan +3
MedExAgent: Training LLM Agents to Ask, Examine, and Diagnose in Noisy Clinical Environments
May 8, 2026Yicheng Gao, Xiaolin Zhou, Yahan Li +2Diagnosis Large Language Model Agents
University of Southern California · Arizona State University
Streaming Adversarial Robustness in Fuzzy ARTMAP: Mechanism-Aligned Evaluation, Progressive Training, and Interpretable Diagnostics
May 7, 2026Shane Cairns, Leonardo Enzo Brito da Silva, Sasha Petrenko +2Adversarial Training Gumbel-Softmax Relaxation
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA · Instituto Metrópole Digital, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, RN 59078-900, Brazil · Kummer Institute Center for Artificial Intelligence and Autonomous Systems (KICAIAS), Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA
A Versatile AI Agent for Rare Disease Diagnosis and Risk Gene Prioritization
May 7, 2026Tianyu Liu, Wangjie Zheng, Rui Yang +12Rare Disease Diagnosis
Interdepartmental Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University · Department of Biostatistics, Yale University · Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard +13
Correcting heterogeneous diagnostic bias when developing clinical prediction models using causal hidden Markov models
May 7, 2026Jose Benitez-Aurioles, Ricardo Silva, Brian McMillan +1Clinical Prediction Chronic Kidney Disease
Division of Informatics, Imaging & Data Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom · Department of Statistical Science, UCL, London, United Kingdom · Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom

Jun 2, 2026, cs.MAJ/K move · Enter open · S save

MeDxAgent: Multi-Agent Consultation for Interactive Medical Diagnosis

Akshat Sanghvi, Naren Akash, Raza Imam, Amit Sharma+1

Microsoft Research India · Institute of AI and Innovation, AIG Hospitals · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence

Diagnosis Multiple-Choice Questions

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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used for health-related decision support. Yet most evaluations treat diagnosis as a single-shot task with complete information provided upfront, often as a multiple-choice selection. This diverges from clinical practice, where diagnosis is interactive and open-ended, involving sequential hypothesis refinement through targeted questioning. We address this gap. We build MeDxBench, a large-scale benchmark of 4,421 clinical cases across 20 specialties. We further propose MeDxAgent, a multi-agent consultation system for interactive diagnosis, and systematically study its prompt-, flow- and agent-level design choices. MeDxAgent achieves a 10.3% accuracy gain over the baseline on MeDxBench, closing 52.3% of the gap to a full-information oracle. We find that specific design choices: collecting demographics first, passing summarized dialogue for diagnosis, and feeding candidate diagnoses for targeted questioning, improve accuracy, mirroring how physicians reason, though their effect emerges fully only in combination. Code and dataset will be released upon publication.

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