LLM Agent Routing

LLM: Large Language Model

Overview

LLM agent routing studies how to match tasks and changing execution states with suitable models, tools, skills, or groups of agents. Common approaches include retrieval and reranking over capability descriptions, learned classifiers and contextual bandits, reinforcement-learning orchestrators, and confidence- or progress-based escalation; some systems also impose workflow, budget, or safety constraints. Evaluation spans tool use, coding, question answering, and long-horizon interactive tasks, with growing attention to end-to-end success, latency, token cost, and recovery from failures. The central challenge is showing that routing reliably beats a strong fixed choice: gains can be sensitive to noisy feedback, changing task distributions, large or deceptive capability catalogs, and the difficulty of evaluating stateful handoffs.

Latest papers

CardsList

99 papers16 papers in the last four weeks, up 14% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

  1. Toward Self-Evolution-Ready Workflow Harnesses: A Reversible Migration Path and Convertibility Taxonomy for Expert LLM Pipelines

    Jun 15, 2026Yimo Lin, Zhen Zhang, Yibin LiAgentic WorkflowsWorkflow Automation

  2. SkillCAT: Contrastive Assessment and Topology-Aware Skill Self-Evolution for LLM Agents

    Jun 11, 2026Kunfeng Chen, Qihuang Zhong, Juhua Liu +1LLM Agent Self-ImprovementLLM Agent Skill Learning

  3. INFRAMIND: Infrastructure-Aware Multi-Agent Orchestration

    Jun 9, 2026Ahasan Kabir, Jiaqi Xue, Mengxin Zheng +1Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Orchestration

  4. Consensus is Strategically Insufficient: Reasoning-Trace Disagreement as a Knowledge-Representation Signal

    Jun 2, 2026Michał Wawer, Jarosław A. ChudziakMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Reasoning

  5. FlyRoute: Self-Evolving Agent Profiling via Data Flywheel for Adaptive Task Routing

    May 21, 2026Rongjun Li, Ziyu Zhou, Yihang WuAdaptive Model RoutingSelf-Evolving Agents

  6. DecisionBench: A Benchmark for Emergent Delegation in Long-Horizon Agentic Workflows

    May 18, 2026Yuxuan Gao, Megan Wang, Yi Ling Yu +2LLM Agent OrchestrationLong-Horizon Agent Evaluation

  7. PPAI: Enabling Personalized LLM Agent Interoperability for Collaborative Edge Intelligence

    May 18, 2026Zile Wang, Qianli Liu, Kaibin Guo +4Multi-Agent CollaborationLLM Agents

  8. R2V Agent: Teaching SLMs When to Ask for Help

    May 15, 2026Raghu Vamshi Hemadri, Humaira Firdowse Mohammed, Rishabh Maheshwary +5AI Agent ReliabilityTool-Augmented Language Model Agents

  9. The Scaling Laws of Skills in LLM Agent Systems

    May 15, 2026Charles Chen, Qiming Yu, Yuhang Gu +12Language Model Scaling LawsLLM Agent Reliability

  10. STAR: A Stage-attributed Triage and Repair framework for RCA Agents in Microservices

    May 15, 2026Junle Wang, Xingchuang Liao, Wenjun WuAgent Failure AnalysisRoot Cause Analysis

  11. TwinRouterBench: Fast Static and Live Dynamic Evaluation for Realistic Agentic LLM Routing

    May 14, 2026Pei Yang, Wanyi Chen, Tongyun Yang +15Benchmark DesignLLM Agent Evaluation

  12. STAR: Failure-Aware Markovian Routing for Multi-Agent Spatiotemporal Reasoning

    May 11, 2026Ruiyi Yang, Lihuan Li, Hao Xue +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsSpatiotemporal Reasoning

  13. Skill Description Deception Attack against Task Routing in Internet of Agents

    May 11, 2026Jiayi He, Xiaofeng Luo, Jiawen Kang +3Adversarial AttacksAI Agent Security

  14. Learning Agent Routing From Early Experience

    May 8, 2026Yimin Wang, Jiahao Qiu, Xuan Qi +6LLM Inference EfficiencyLLM Agent Routing

  15. SADE: Symptom-Aware Diagnostic Escalation for LLM-Based Network Troubleshooting

    May 6, 2026Kuan-Hao Tseng, Niruth Bogahawatta, Yasod Ginige +3LLM Agent OrchestrationLLM Agents

  16. GraphPlanner: Graph Memory-Augmented Agentic Routing for Multi-Agent LLMs

    Apr 26, 2026Tao Feng, Haozhen Zhang, Zijie Lei +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Orchestration

  17. QuantClaw: Precision Where It Matters for OpenClaw

    Apr 24, 2026Manyi Zhang, Ji-Fu Li, Zhongao Sun +5Mixed-Precision QuantizationLLM Quantization

  18. AgentGate: A Lightweight Structured Routing Engine for the Internet of Agents

    Apr 8, 2026Yujun Cheng, Enfang Cui, Hao Qin +2LLM Agent RoutingStructured Prediction

  19. EvolveRouter: Co-Evolving Routing and Prompt for Multi-Agent Question Answering

    Apr 6, 2026Jiatan Huang, Zheyuan Zhang, Kaiwen Shi +2LLM Agent RoutingMulti-Agent Collaboration

  20. Explainable Model Routing for Agentic Workflows

    Apr 4, 2026Mika Okamoto, Ansel Kaplan Erol, Mark RiedlLLM Agent RoutingAgentic Workflows

  21. SkillRouter: Skill Routing for LLM Agents at Scale

    Mar 23, 2026YanZhao Zheng, ZhenTao Zhang, Chao Ma +8LLM Agent Skill RetrievalLLM Agent Routing