Multi-Agent Reasoning

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Overview

Multi-agent reasoning examines how AI agents combine knowledge and perspectives to solve problems that may exceed one agent’s abilities, including mathematical and scientific question answering, games, robotics, and clinical decisions. Common approaches include role-specialized agents, chain-of-thought debate and critique, voting or mixture-of-agents aggregation, and learned routing that decides who should contribute and when. Other work trains collaboration with reinforcement learning or distills group reasoning into a single model, while benchmarks test coordination under partial information and strategic interaction. A central tension is that collaboration can correct individual errors, but communication costs, correlated mistakes, and pressure to conform can erase its gains; when it helps depends on the task, evidence quality, and compute budget.

Latest papers

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233 papers29 papers in the last four weeks, up 142% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

  1. ForecastAgentSearch: Towards a Multi-Expert Agent Search System for Geopolitical Event Forecasting

    Jun 30, 2026Miaomiao Cai, He Chang, Yunshan Ma +1Multi-Agent Reasoning

    National University of Singapore Singapore, Singapore · Communication University of China Beijing, China · Singapore Management University Singapore, Singapore

  2. Investigating Multi-Agent Deliberation in Law

    Jun 29, 2026Cor Steging, Ludi van Leeuwen, Tadeusz ZbiegieńMulti-Agent SystemsMulti-Agent Reasoning

    Bernoulli Institute of Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen The Netherlands · Department of Legal Theory, Jagiellonian University Poland

  3. Mixture of Debaters: Learn to Debate at Architectural Level in Multi-Agent Reasoning

    Jun 28, 2026Dayong Liang, Kaisong Gong, Yi Cai +2Multi-Agent DebateMixture-of-Experts Models

    South China University of Technology · Tianjin University · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

  4. AI Trading's Alpha Singularity: Emergent Market Reasoning through Agent-to-Agent Self-Evolution

    Jun 28, 2026Yuqi Li, Siyuan Liu, Bingjun LiuFinanceEmergent Behavior in Multi-Agent Systems

    Panda AI

  5. Preventing Error Propagation in Multi-Agent AI through Runtime Monitoring

    Jun 27, 2026Shahnewaz Karim Sakib, Anindya Bijoy DasAI Agent ReliabilityMulti-Agent Systems

    University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA · The University of Akron, OH 44325, USA

  6. Triadic Werewolf: A Jester Role for Multi-Hop Theory of Mind in LLMs

    Jun 26, 2026Avni MittalGame-Playing AgentsSocial Deduction Games

  7. Multi-Agent Goal Recognition with Team- and Goal-Conditioned Reinforcement Learning and Factorized Branch-and-Bound

    Jun 24, 2026Thiago Thomas, Gabriel de Oliveira Ramos, Felipe MeneguzziBranch and BoundMulti-Agent Systems

    Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) · Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (Unisinos) · University of Aberdeen

  8. ReM-MoA: Reasoning Memory Sustains Mixture-of-Agents Scaling

    Jun 23, 2026Heng Ping, Arijit Bhattacharjee, Peiyu Zhang +5Multi-Agent System OptimizationLLM Agent Memory

    University of Southern California · Iowa State University · Cisco AI Research

  9. SIGMA: Skill-Incidence Graphs for Compositional Multi-Agent Design

    Jun 18, 2026Kun Zeng, Yu Huo, Siyu Zhang +5Multi-Agent System OptimizationMulti-Agent Systems

    Sun Yat-sen University · School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Taiyuan University of Technology +1

  10. Mesh Inference: A Formal Model of Collective Inference Without a Center

    Jun 17, 2026Hongwei XuPrivacy-Preserving MLMulti-Agent Reasoning

  11. Hidden Anchors in Multi-Agent LLM Deliberation

    Jun 17, 2026Apurba Pokharel, Ram DantuOpinion DynamicsMulti-Agent Debate

    Department of CSE University of North Texas 76207, Denton, TX, USA

  12. Enhancing Decision-Making with Large Language Models through Multi-Agent Fictitious Play

    Jun 17, 2026Leyang Shen, Yang Zhang, Xiaoyan Zhao +2Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Decision-Making

    National University of Singapore Singapore

  13. Let Large Language Models Judge Each Other: Multi-Agent Peer-Reviewed Reasoning for Medical Question Answering

    Jun 13, 2026Zaifu Zhan, Shuang Zhou, Rui ZhangMulti-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Answer Verification

    Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, 200 Union St SE, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, United States · Division of Computational Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota, 420 Delaware St SE, 55455, Minneapolis, MN, United States

  14. ARMOR-MAD: Adaptive Routing for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Debate in Large Language Model Reasoning

    Jun 11, 2026Fuqiang Niu, Bowen ZhangMulti-Agent DebateMulti-Agent Consensus

    School of Cyber Science and Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Shenzhen Technology University, Shenzhen, China

  15. MODF-SIR: A Multi-agent Omni-modal Distilled Framework for Social Intelligence Reasoning

    Jun 10, 2026Shang Ma, Jisheng Dang, Wencan Zhang +6Multi-Agent ReasoningSocial Reasoning

    School of information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, China · School of Computing, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119077 · School of Medical Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China +1

  16. Multi-Agent Reasoning with Adaptive Worker Allocation for Stance Detection

    Jun 10, 2026Meysam Sabbaghan, Arman Zareian Jahromi, Doina CarageaStance DetectionMulti-Agent Reasoning

    Department of Computer Science Kansas State University

  17. MoCA-Agent: A Market-of-Claims Code Agent for Financial and Numerical Reasoning

    Jun 10, 2026Abdelrahman Abdallah, AbdelRahim A. Elmadany, Sameh Al Natour +3Table QALLM Answer Verification

    University of Innsbruck · University of British Columbia · λCanada Research Chair in NLP and ML +1

  18. Visual Para-Thinker++: A Single-Policy Multi-Agent Framework for Visual Reasoning

    Jun 8, 2026Haoran Xu, Hongyu Wang, Yifei Gao +4Object Hallucination in VLMsMulti-Agent Collaboration

    Zhejiang University · Hunan University · Tianjin University +3

  19. MAGIS: Evidence-Based Multi-Agent Reasoning for Interpretable Strabismus Clinical Decision-Making

    Jun 8, 2026Xikai Tang, Yifan Wang, Jiafan Zhuang +12Medical DiagnosisMedical VLMs

    School of Information and Software Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 611731, China · Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Shenzhen, 518000, China · Joint Shantou International Eye Center of Shantou University and The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantou, 515041, China +5

  20. MARDoc: A Memory-Aware Refinement Agent Framework for Multimodal Long Document QA

    Jun 4, 2026Kaifeng Chen, Hongtao Liu, Qiyao Peng +4Multimodal RAGMultimodal QA

    Tianjin University, Tianjin, China · Qifu Technology, Beijing, China · Beihang University, Beijing, China +1

  21. Critic-Guided Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Reasoning for Reliable Mathematical Problem Solving

    Jun 4, 2026Muhammad Talha Sharif, Abdul RehmanLLM Self-CorrectionMulti-Agent Reasoning

    dept. of Computer Science · National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences · Islamabad, Pakistan

  22. Streaming Communication in Multi-Agent Reasoning

    Jun 3, 2026Zhen Yang, Xiaogang Xu, Wen Wang +3Multi-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent System Optimization

    HKUST(GZ) · ZJU · Alibaba Group +1

  23. Enhancing the MADDPG Algorithm for Multi-Agent Learning via Action Inference and Importance Sampling

    Jun 3, 2026Marc Walden, Jason Liu, Shaashwath Sivakumar +2Opponent ModelingImportance Sampling

    Department of Mathematics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA

  24. DeliChess: A Multi-party Dialogue Dataset for Deliberation in Chess Puzzle Solving

    Jun 3, 2026Xiaochen Zhu, Georgi Karadzhov, Tom Stafford +1Multi-Agent Reasoning

    University of Cambridge · University of Sheffield

  25. Consensus is Strategically Insufficient: Reasoning-Trace Disagreement as a Knowledge-Representation Signal

    Jun 2, 2026Michał Wawer, Jarosław A. ChudziakMulti-Agent LLM SystemsMulti-Agent Reasoning

    Laboratory of The New Ethos Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland · Institute of Computer Science Faculty of Electronics and Information Technology Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

  26. Economy of Minds: Emerging Multi-Agent Intelligence with Economic Interactions

    Jun 1, 2026Zhenting Qi, Huangyuan Su, Ao Qu +13Multi-Agent CoordinationMulti-Agent Reasoning

    Harvard · MIT

  27. TechRAG: Evidence-Gated Multimodal Agentic RAG for Technical Literature Reasoning

    Jun 1, 2026Kanwar Bharat SinghMultimodal RAGScientific QA

    Global Tire Intelligence and Solutions (GTIS) The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company

  28. Diagnosing Failure Modes of Shared-State Collaboration in Resource-Constrained Visual Agents

    May 29, 2026Yunpeng ZhouVisual Question AnsweringMulti-Agent Collaboration

    Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China

  29. Generalized Intention Modeling in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning

    May 29, 2026Mateusz Odrowaz-Sypniewski, Jasmine Bayrooti, Ajay Shankar +1Opponent ModelingMulti-Agent Reasoning

    Department of Computer Science and Technology, University of Cambridge, UK

  30. Can LLM Teams Play What? Where? When?

    May 28, 2026Anastasia Kotelnikova, Viktor Byzov, Maria Dolzhenkova +1Multi-Agent LLM SystemsLLM Agent Evaluation

    Vyatka State University Kirov, Russia · European University at St. Petersburg St. Petersburg, Russia