Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation

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5 papers in the last four weeks, up 67% on the four weeks before. 0.0% of all new papers.

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A Probabilistic Perspective on Wasserstein-Based Evidential Uncertainty for Out-of-Distribution Segmentation
Oct 7, 2026Arnold Brosch, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Michael Felsberg +1Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation Evidential Deep Learning
Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany · Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Gate 8, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar · Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden
Quantifying Volumetric Risk: Class-Aware Asymmetric Weighted Conformal Prediction for 3D Medical Image Segmentation
Oct 7, 2026Shadi Alijani, Fereshteh Aghaee Meibodi, Homayoun NajjaranConformal Prediction Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation
University of Victoria, 800 Finnerty Road, Victoria, BC, Canada
GUARD: Geometric Uncertainty-Aware Point Cloud Denoising and Segmentation for Robotic Hard Disk Drive Disassembly
Oct 6, 2026Zuoxu Wang, Xiao LiangPoint Cloud Learning 3D Part Segmentation
Zachry Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 USA
Uncertainty-Guided Handshake: Efficient Human-in-the-Loop Refinement for Surgical-Grade Glioma Segmentation
Oct 1, 2026Samuel Hart, Ahmad Yahya, Ahmed Karam EldalyInteractive Medical Image Segmentation Human-in-the-Loop Annotation
Department of Computer Science, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QF, United Kingdom. · Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. · UCL Hawkes Institute, University College London, Gower St., London, WC1E 6AE, United Kingdom.
Towards Trustworthy AI for Glioma Diagnosis: A Task-Aware Evaluation of Uncertainty Quantification
Sep 30, 2026Gonzalo Esteban Mosquera Rojas, Sebastian R. van der Voort, Carolin M. Pirkl +3Uncertainty Quantification Brain Tumor Classification
Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands · Department of Medical Informatics, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands · GE HealthCare, Munich, Germany +3
Beyond Accuracy: Uncertainty-Guided Boundary Refinement for Reliable Biomedical Image Segmentation
Sep 14, 2026Anima KujurMedical Image Segmentation Boundary-Aware Segmentation
Interdisciplinary Centre for Scientific Computing (IWR), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
Cross-Model Agreement as a Deployment-Time Reliability Signal for Automatic Polyp Segmentation
Sep 9, 2026Siddharth Gupta, Jitin SinglaPolyp Segmentation Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation
Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, Uttarakhand, India
Latent-to-Latent Flow for Volumetric Stochastic Segmentation
Sep 7, 2026Omar Todd, Sooha Kim, Raghav Mehta +5Flow Matching Medical Image Segmentation
Imperial College London, UK · The Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK · Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
Reliability analysis for BraTS-GoAT segmentation: a controlled robustness study of deep-ensemble uncertainty
Aug 13, 2026Riya Deepak Shet, Le ZhangUncertainty Quantification Neural Network Robustness
Department of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom · Department of Electronic, Electrical and Systems Engineering, School of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
Generative Semantic Segmentation via an Observable Semantic-Image Interface and Hierarchical Generator Evidence Alignment
Aug 12, 2026Weize Cai, Yongqi Dong, Zhida Shao +1Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation Semantic Segmentation
RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany · Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands · Chang’an University, Xi’an, China
VIDS-Seg: Towards Reliable Uncertainty Quantification in Pediatric Cardiac Ultrasound Segmentation
Aug 11, 2026Paul Fischer, Ece OzkanUltrasound Image Segmentation Uncertainty Quantification
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
ST-LoRA: Single Trajectory LoRA Ensemble for Uncertainty Aware Agricultural Segmentation
Aug 2, 2026Mohamed Farag, Genc Hoxha, Yahia Maleki +2Image Segmentation Ensemble Learning
Machine Learning in Agriculture Lab, Institute of Geodesy and Geoinformation, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Australia · Lamarr Institute for Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
U-CFR: Uncertainty-Guided Cascade Forward Refinement for Interactive Segmentation
Jul 22, 2026Elijah Danquah Darko, Min Xian, Terence Soule +2Promptable Image Segmentation Boundary-Aware Segmentation
Department of Computer Science University of Idaho · Idaho National Laboratory
Trustworthy Medical Segmentation: Uncertainty-Aware U-Net Evaluation Under Clinical Image Degradation
Jul 22, 2026Pranav Kaliaperumal, Manisha KaliaperumalImage Corruption Robustness U-Net
Department of Computer Science University of Colorado Denver Aurora, CO, USA · Department of Biology (Pre-Medical) Creighton University Omaha, NE, USA
PlumeQuant: Uncertainty-aware consistency assessment of methane plume masks and emission-rate estimates
Jul 15, 2026Parisa Masnadi Khiabani, Wolfgang Jentner, Alireza Rangrazjeddi +4Uncertainty Quantification Remote Sensing
Data Institute for Societal Challenges, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA · Data Science & Analytics Institute, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA · School of Industrial & Systems Engineering, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA +4
GRC-ProbNet: Uncertainty-aware Feature Extraction for Cardiovascular Disease Classification
Jul 11, 2026Yash Shah, Omar Todd, Philipp Seeböck +3Medical Image Segmentation Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation
1Imperial College London, UK · 2Medical University of Vienna, Austria
Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Source Retinal Fluid Segmentation in OCT
Jul 9, 2026Animesh KumarMulti-Source Domain Adaptation Medical Imaging
Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, United Kingdom
RUFNet: Query-Guided Support Mask Refinement and Uncertainty Fusion based on Hybrid Mamba for Few-Shot Brain Tumor Segmentation
Jul 6, 2026Dongyi He, Xiangkai Wang, Binbing Xu +5Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation
Department of Language Science and Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China · School of Artificial Intelligence, Chongqing University of Technology, Chongqing, China · Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China +1
Trust the Prior (or Not): Uncertainty-Aware Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Segmentation
Jun 30, 2026Erich Robbi, Daniele Ravanelli, Andrea PasseriniDomain Generalization Medical Image Segmentation
Department of Computer Science University of Trento Trento, Italy · Medical Physics Unit Santa Chiara Hospital Trento, Italy
Set-Inclusive Uncertainty Modeling for Robust Brain Tumor Segmentation
Jun 29, 2026Seunghun Baek, Jihwan Park, Jaeyoon Sim +3Representation Learning Multimodal Robustness
Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, South Korea
Interpretable Probabilistic Medical Image Segmentation via Gaussian Process with Explicit Modelling of Annotation Bias and Variability
Jun 22, 2026Qi Li, Yuliang Huang, Shaheer U. Saeed +7Gaussian Processes Medical Image Segmentation
UCL Hawkes Institute, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K. · Centre for Bioengineering, Digital Environment Research Institute, School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K. · Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K. +4
EnTrust: Modeling Inter-Modal Conflict for Trustworthy Multimodal Medical Image Analysis
Jun 19, 2026Dwarikanath Mahapatra, Abhijit Das, Behzad Bozorgtabar +5Cross-Modality Medical Image Segmentation Uncertainty-Aware Multimodal Fusion
Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · MBZUAI, Abu Dhabi, UAE. · Aarhus University, Denmark. +5
Neural Architecture Distributions: A New Paradigm for Stochastic Segmentation
Jun 19, 2026Conghui Li, Junhao Huang, Chern Hong Lim +2Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
School of Information Technology, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia · Centre for Data Science and Artificial Intelligence, School of Engineering and Computer Science, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
Confidence is Not Reliability: Rethinking MC Dropout in Brain Tumour Segmentation
Jun 17, 2026Xin Ci Wong, Duygu Sarikaya, Kieran Zucker +2Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation Uncertainty Calibration
Centre for Doctoral Training in AI for Medical Diagnosis and Care, School of Computing, University of Leeds · School of Computer Science, University of Leeds · Leeds Cancer Centre, St James’s University Hospital, Leeds, UK
Quantification of Uncertainty with Adversarial Models in Medical Image Segmentation
Jun 17, 2026Hana Jebril, Thomas Pinetz, Günter Klambauer +1Uncertainty Quantification Medical Image Segmentation
Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Austria · Comprehensive Center for AI in Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria · ELLIS Unit Linz, LIT AI Lab and Institute for Machine Learning, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Austria +1
Learning a Sampling-Free Variational DNN Plugin from Tiny Training Sets to Refine OOD Segmentation With Uncertainty Estimation
Jun 14, 2026Jimut B. Pal, Suyash P. AwateOOD Generalization Medical Image Segmentation
Centre for Machine Intelligence and Data Science (C-MInDS), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai · Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) Department, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, Mumbai
Improving PET/CT-Based Whole-Body Lesion Segmentation Using Prediction Uncertainty-Augmented Models
Jun 8, 2026Bashirul Azam Biswas, Biratal Raj Wagle, Zhihan Yang +4Ensemble Learning PET/CT Imaging
Department of Biomedical Data Science Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth Hanover, NH 03755, USA · Radiology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH 03766, USA · Radiation Oncology Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
Co-GLANCE: Uncertainty-Aware Active Perception for Heterogeneous Robot Teaming
Jun 7, 2026Michal P. Podolinsky, Neel P. Bhatt, Pranay Samineni +3Active Perception Image Segmentation
The University of Texas at Austin
Multi-Task Crack Foundation Model for Engineering-Reliable Crack Representation and Topology Preservation in Civil Infrastructure
Jun 4, 2026Blessing Agyei Kyem, Joshua Kofi Asamoah, Eugene Denteh +1Vision Foundation Model Adaptation Topology-Preserving Image Segmentation
Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, North Dakota State University, Fargo, 58102, ND, USA
Implicit Fuzzification via Bounded Noise Injection for Robust Medical Image Segmentation
Jun 3, 2026Bisheng Tang, Zhangfeng Ma, Chuchu Zhai +4Ultrasound Image Segmentation Medical Image Segmentation
School of Information Science and Engineering, Provincial Key Laboratory of Informational Service for Rural Area of Southwestern Hunan, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang 422000, China · Xinshao County People’s Hospital, Shaoyang 422900, China

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A Probabilistic Perspective on Wasserstein-Based Evidential Uncertainty for Out-of-Distribution Segmentation

Arnold Brosch, Abdelrahman Eldesokey, Michael Felsberg, Kira Maag

Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany · Hamad Bin Khalifa University (HBKU), Education City, Gate 8, P.O. Box 5825, Doha, Qatar · Linköping University, SE-581 83, Linköping, Sweden

Segmentation Uncertainty Estimation Evidential Deep Learning Semantic Segmentation

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Semantic segmentation networks operate on a fixed set of classes and therefore fail when out-of-distribution (OOD) objects appear during deployment, a critical limitation for safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving. Reliably identifying OOD objects requires well-calibrated epistemic uncertainty, yet common softmax-based confidence scores remain overconfident, while Bayesian alternatives such as Monte Carlo dropout or deep ensembles require costly repeated forward passes. Evidential Deep Learning (EDL) offers an efficient alternative by modeling class probabilities as a Dirichlet distribution learned from a single deterministic forward pass. Existing EDL formulations rely on Euclidean objectives that push predictions towards the simplex vertices, encouraging overconfidence rather than preserving uncertainty for unfamiliar inputs. We instead employ Wasserstein-based objectives, which respect the geometry of the probability simplex, and study the influence of the Wasserstein order on segmentation accuracy and OOD detection within a unified evidential framework. We evaluate this framework on a convolutional (DeepLabV3+) and a transformer-based (SegFormer) architecture on the SegmentMeIfYouCan benchmark, including LostAndFound, RoadObstacle21, RoadAnomaly21, and Fishyscapes. Our results show the optimal Wasserstein order is architecture-dependent: second-order objectives dominate on the convolutional backbone, third-order objectives on the transformer backbone, and our framework surpasses comparable baselines on most metrics, with a single deterministic forward pass.

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