Surrogates

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6 papers in the last four weeks, against 1 the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

Jul 13Week of Sep 28

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Probabilistic and Geometry Aware Neural Surrogate of Scrape Off Layer Plasma Simulations
Sep 23, 2026Gabriele Gianuzzo, Stefan Dasbach, Fleur Hendriks +2Surrogate Models Surrogates
Eindhoven University of Technology · DIFFER
Artificial intelligence surrogates for treatment effect estimation with before-and-after data
Sep 23, 2026Frances Dean, Anna Neufeld, Joshua Barrios +2Heterogeneous Treatment Effects Surrogates
University of California, Berkeley · University of California, San Francisco · Williams College
Benchmarking Tabular Foundation Models as Surrogates in Expensive Evolutionary Optimization
Sep 16, 2026Lu Han, Jin Wang, Yuchen Li +5Surrogate Models Tabular Foundation Models
School of Artificial Intelligence, Xidian University, Xi’an 710071, China
Towards Surrogate Based Dequantization of Quantum Reinforcement Learning
Sep 14, 2026Pablo Rodriguez-Grasa, Sofiene Jerbi, Mikel Sanz +1Q-Learning Gradient Quantization
Department of Physical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Apartado 644, 48080 Bilbao, Spain · TECNALIA, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 48160 Derio, Spain · Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany +7
Structured Extrema Errors in Classical Surrogates for Viscous Burgers: A Physics-Consistent Interpretation
Sep 7, 2026Youssef OubariSurrogate Models One-Dimensional Viscous Burgers Equation
IMT Atlantique, France
Online Surrogate Repair: Decoupling High-Fidelity Feedback from Search Length in Closed-Loop Discovery
Sep 7, 2026Xiaotang Feng, Philip Torr, Bruno AndreisMachine Learning Surrogates Surrogates
Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford · Department of Physics, University of Oxford · Slater Labs
Input convex neural networks as surrogates in mathematical optimisation
Aug 10, 2026Yu Liu, Jan Kronqvist, Fabricio OliveiraMixed-Integer Programming Nonconvex
Department of Mathematics and Systems Analysis, School of Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland · Department of Mathematics, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden · DTU Management, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
Adaptive KappaSharp: Condition-Number Shaping for Preferential Bayesian Optimization
Aug 8, 2026Ketong Shao, Jialu Wang, Xuekai Pei +1Bayesian Optimization Hessian
University of California, Berkeley · 2Independent · 3Wuhan University
Surrogate Substitution Preserves PHI Detectability: A Multi-Detector Equivalence Study
Aug 4, 2026Qiming Bao, Sherry J. H. Feng, Kim Chester Eugenio +1De-Identification Substitute
Custodian Labs
DASH: Decoupled Adaptive Surrogate - Acquisition Harness for Automated Bayesian Optimization
Aug 1, 2026Changquan Zhao, Yuxiang Sun, Ruihao Zhu +2Bayesian Optimization Surrogates
Global College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · Antai College of Economics and Management, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China · SC Johnson College of Business, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
Frugal Bayesian Optimization: Scalable Surrogates for Data- and Resource-Limited Discovery
Jul 31, 2026Panagiotis Krokidas, Christoforos Rekatsinas, Vassilis Sioros +3Bayesian Optimization Surrogate Models
Institute of Informatics and Telecommunications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos", Agia Paraskevi, Greece. · Department of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, University of Patras, Patras Greece. · Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. +4
Efficient LLM Adversarial Training via Low-Rank Defense and Circuit-Guided Surrogates
Jul 31, 2026Weiyi He, Yuping Lin, Jiliang Tang +1Adversarial Training Model Fine-Tuning
Michigan State University
Surrogate assisted diversity estimation in neural ensemble search
Jul 29, 2026Alexandr Udeneev, Petr Babkin, Oleg BakhteevNeural Architecture Search Ensemble
Optimization with Dynamic Constraint Learning (DCL)
Jul 28, 2026Ezgi Oztekin, Figen Oztoprak, S. Ilker BirbilConstrained Optimization Uncoupled Learning
Department of Mathematics, Gebze Technical University · Department of Industrial Engineering, Gebze Technical University · Amsterdam Business School, University of Amsterdam
Fast, accurate, and differentiable: a neural-network surrogate for NRSur7dq4 precessing binary black hole waveforms
Jul 27, 2026Michael Pürrer, Ashwin Girish, Lucy M. Thomas +2Gravitational Waves General Relativity
Department of Physics, East Hall, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA · Institute for AI & Computational Research, Carothers Library, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA · 3TAPIR, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA +2
Multimodal Auto-regressive Transformer Surrogate for Modeling Variable Operations and Quantifying Uncertainty in Geological Carbon Storage
Jul 26, 2026Yifu Han, Louis J. DurlofskySurrogate Models Surrogates
Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
Continuous surrogates versus threshold Boolean networks for modeling Arabidopsis ISR gene regulation
Jul 25, 2026Gonzalo A. RuzRegulatory Networks Surrogate Models
Facultad de Ingenier´ıa y Ciencias, Universidad Adolfo Ib´a˜nez · Millennium Nucleus for Social Data Science (SODAS) · Millennium Nucleus in Data Science for Plant Resilience (PhytoLearning) +1
Explainable quantum-compressed machine learning for complex fluid flows
Jul 23, 2026Xiao Xue, Maida Wang, Mingyang Gao +2Quantum Machine Learning Quantum Annealing
Centre for Computational Science, University College London, London, UK · Leibniz Supercomputing Centre of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Boltzmannstraße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany · Centre for Advanced Research Computing, University College London, London, UK
Learning a System-Level Surrogate for Hydraulic Excavators: A Simulation-to-Real LSTM Approach
Jul 17, 2026Shuai Wang, Shen Wang, Qiang Wang +4Autonomous Driving Simulation Human-In-The-Loop
National Engineering Research Center of Mobile Network Technologies, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China · Yaowu (Shenzhen) Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518052, China
Efficient Sequential Calibration with $O(T^{2/3-ε})$ Error Bound
Jul 14, 2026Zihan ZhangCalibrated Uncertainty Surrogates
Department of CSE, HKUST
SurrogateShield: Beyond Redaction for High-Utility, Privacy-Preserving LLM Interactions
Jun 28, 2026Sherwin Vishesh JathannaAnonymization Surrogates
Arizona State University Tempe, Arizona, USA
The Scissors Effect: When Resize-Based Input Diversity Helps or Hurts Transfer Attacks
Jun 21, 2026Yuhang Jiang, Xiaojing ChenTransfer Learning Imagenet
University of Trento · Anhui University
SurGE: Surrogate Gradient-guided Evolution for Co-design of Legged Robots with Parallel Elasticity
Jun 20, 2026Yulun Zhuang, Yue Qin, Justin Lu +4Co-Design Legged Robots
Department of Robotics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA · Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
Surrogate Assisted Pedestrian Protection Design via a Foundation Model Orchestrated Workflow
Jun 16, 2026Osamu Ito, Akihiko Katagiri, Yoshikazu Nakagawa +3Surrogate Models Pedestrian
Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0188, Japan
Towards Fast GNN Surrogates for CO2 Migration in Complex Geological Formations
Jun 15, 2026Rodrigo S. Luna, Thiago H. N. Coelho, Luiz S. L. Neto +8Surrogate Models Geological Semantic Understanding
Systems and Computer Engineering and High Performance Computing Center, NACAD - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro · Civil Engineering and High Performance Computing Center, NACAD - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro · Mechanical Engineering and High Performance Computing Center, NACAD - COPPE, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro +1
Statistical Foundations of LLM-based A/B Testing: A Surrogacy Framework for Human Causal Inference
Jun 15, 2026Joel Persson, Mårten Schultzberg, Sebastian AnkargrenSurrogates Machine Learning Surrogates
Spotify USA, Inc. New York, NY, USA · Spotify AB Stockholm, Sweden
Model Stealing Through the Lens of Model Multiplicity
Jun 13, 2026Eliott Baltz, Satoshi Hara, Ulrich AïvodjiSurrogates Model Evaluation
§ÉTS, Mila : Montréal · ‡The University of Electro-Communications : Tokyo
Learning Where to Simulate: Generative Active Sampling for Online PDE Surrogate Training
Jun 8, 2026Pierre Cesar, Sofya Dymchenko, Abhishek Purandare +1Surrogate Models Machine Learning Surrogates
DATAMOVE · Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Inria, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG, Grenoble, France
Drifting Models for Surrogate Flow Modeling
Jun 5, 2026Chris R. Jung, Markus Dörr, Natalie Jüngling +3Computational Fluid Dynamic Queryable Sector Flow Fields
Center for Machine Learning (ZML) 2Institute for Flow in Additively Manufactured Porous Structures (ISAPS) Heilbronn University of Applied Sciences, 74081 Heilbronn, Germany
ParetoPilot: Zero-Surrogate Offline Multi-Objective Optimization via Infer-Perturb-Guide Diffusion
Jun 3, 2026Ruiqing Sun, Sen Yang, Dawei Feng +3Multi-Objective Optimization Optimal Design
College of Computer Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha 410073, China · Bioinformatics Center of AMMS, Beijing 100080, China
Correcting Neural Operator Spectral Bias via Diffusion Posterior Sampling with Sparse Observations
Jun 2, 2026Niccolò Perrone, Fanny Lehmann, Stefania Fresca +1Neural Operators Neural Partial Differential Equation Solvers
Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, CNRS, ENS Paris-Saclay · Laboratoire de Mécanique Paris-Saclay UMR 9026 · 8-10 rue Joliot Curie, 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France +5
GPU Forecasters: Language Models as Selective Surrogates for Kernel Runtime Optimization
May 29, 2026Zaid Khan, Justin Chih-Yao Chen, Jaemin Cho +2Graphics Processing Unit Kernels LLM Inference Optimization
UNC Chapel Hill · AI2 · Johns Hopkins University +1
Physics-Informed Coarsening for Multigrid Graph Neural Surrogates
May 29, 2026Amir Bazzi, David Cardinaux, Ramy Nemer +3Surrogate Models Surrogates
1CEMEF, Mines Paris – PSL, Sophia Antipolis, France · 2Aubert et Duval, France · 3Transvalor, Mougins, France.
Geometry-Aware Control Barrier Functions for Collision Avoidance via Bernstein Polynomial Approximations
May 29, 2026Siwon Jo, Yanze Zhang, Yupeng Yang +1Control Barrier Functions Collision Avoidance
GRASP Laboratory, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA · Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA · Department of Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
Generative Models and Statistical Validation
May 28, 2026Sascha Diefenbacher, Sofia Palacios Schweitzer, Gregor KasieczkaGenerative Models Statistical Inference
Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany · Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA · NHETC, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA +1
Deep Learning Surrogates for Emulating Stochastic Climate Tipping Dynamics
May 20, 2026Adeline Hillier, Jennifer Sleeman, Jay Brett +3Surrogate Models Global Climate Models
Johns Hopkins Applied Physics Laboratory Hopkins University · Johns
Towards Code-Oriented LM Embeddings for Surrogate-Assisted Neural Architecture Search
May 15, 2026Pranav Somu, Advay Balakrishnan, Stepan Kravtsov +2Neural Architecture Search Text Embeddings
Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, Georgia, USA · Georgia Tech Research Institute Atlanta, Georgia, USA
Locale-Conditioned Few-Shot Prompting Mitigates Demonstration Regurgitation in On-Device PII Substitution with Small Language Models
May 13, 2026Anuj Sadani, Deepak KumarSubstitute Small Large Language Models
Keeping Score: Efficiency Improvements in Neural Likelihood Surrogate Training via Score-Augmented Loss Functions
May 12, 2026Alexander Shen, Mikael KuuselaSurrogates Uncertainty Score
Department of Statistics and Data Science Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh, PA 15213
Learning plug-in surrogate endpoints for randomized experiments
May 12, 2026Alessandro-Umberto Margueritte, Ahmet Zahid Balcıoğlu, Jesse Krijthe +2Machine Learning Surrogates Surrogates
AstraZeneca · Chalmers University of Technology and University of Gothenburg · TU Delft +1
Discovery of Interpretable Surrogates via Agentic AI: Application to Gravitational Waves
May 11, 2026Tousif Islam, Digvijay Wadekar, Tejaswi Venumadhav +4Gravitational Waves Surrogates
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara, Kohn Hall, Lagoon Rd, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. · Center for Gravitational Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA. · Department of Physics, University of California at Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. +5
FedSurrogate: Backdoor Defense in Federated Learning via Layer Criticality and Surrogate Replacement
May 11, 2026Fatima Z. Abacha, Sin G. Teo, Yuanxiang Wu +2Federated Learning Fewer Surprising Backdoors
The University of Manchester, UK · Institute for Infocomm Research, A*STAR, Singapore · Monash University, Australia +1
ORTHOBO: Orthogonal Bayesian Hyperparameter Optimization
May 7, 2026Maresa Schröder, Pascal Janetzky, Michael Klar +1Variance Reduction Monte Carlo
LMU Munich · Munich Center for Machine Learning · Bosch Center for Artificial Intelligence
Retain-Neutral Surrogates for Min-Max Unlearning
May 7, 2026Junhao Cai, Dohun Kim, Dowon Kim +4Exact Unlearning Surrogate Gradient
Korea University
Block-Wise Differentiable Sinkhorn Attention: Tail-Refinement Gradients with a Gap-Aware Dustbin Bridge
Apr 28, 2026Dylan FordeFused Sinkhorn-Localized Similarity Bridge
Independent Researcher
Teacher Forcing as Generalized Bayes: Optimization Geometry Mismatch in Switching Surrogates for Chaotic Dynamics
Apr 28, 2026Andre Herz, Daniel Durstewitz, Georgia KoppeChaos Pac-Bayesian Theory
Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Germany · Dept. of Theoretical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health (CIMH), Mannheim, Germany · Hector Institute for AI in Psychiatry and Dept. of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, CIMH, Mannheim, Germany +1
Geometric Characterisation and Structured Trajectory Surrogates for Clinical Dataset Condensation
Apr 23, 2026Pafue Christy Nganjimi, Andrew Soltan, Danielle Belgrave +3Patient Trajectories Synthetic Data
Department of Engineering Science University of Oxford, UK · Nuffield Department of Primary Care University of Oxford, UK · GlaxoSmithKline2026 London, UK +1
Neural Shape Operator Surrogates -- Expression Rate Bounds
Apr 20, 2026Helmut Harbrecht, Christoph SchwabNeural Operators Partial Differential Equations
No Certificate, No Categorical Speech Act: A Brouwerian Assertibility Constraint for Public Reason
Mar 4, 2026Michael JülichEpistemology Certificates
aihorizon R&D, Munich, Germany.
Bound to Disagree: Generalization Bounds via Certifiable Surrogates
Feb 26, 2026Mathieu Bazinet, Valentina Zantedeschi, Pascal GermainGeneralization Bounds Surrogate Models
1Département d’informatique et génie logiciel, Université Laval, Québec, Qc, Canada · 2ServiceNow Research, Montreal, Qc, Canada
GeoTransolver: Learning Physics on Irregular Domains Using Multi-scale Geometry Aware Physics Attention Transformer
Dec 23, 2025Corey Adams, Rishikesh Ranade, Ram Cherukuri +1Geometric Constraints Spatio-Temporal Transformers
NVIDIA Corporation, Santa Clara, US
Graph-Based Bayesian Optimization for Quantum Circuit Architecture Search with Uncertainty Calibrated Surrogates
Dec 10, 2025Prashant Kumar Choudhary, Nouhaila Innan, Muhammad Shafique +1Variational Quantum Circuits Quantum Circuits
Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India · eBRAIN Lab, Division of Engineering, New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD), Abu Dhabi, UAE · Center for Quantum and Topological Systems (CQTS), NYUAD Research Institute, NYUAD, Abu Dhabi, UAE
Fine-Tune, Then Rectify
Nov 23, 2025Zikun Ye, Jinglong Zhao, Lei WangModel Fine-Tuning Reweighting
Foster School of Business, University of Washington, Seattle, WA · Questrom School of Business, Boston University, Boston, MA
Counterfactual Operator Relevance for PDE Discovery: Screening, Pruning, and Identifiability
Jun 25, 2025Ronald KatendePartial Differential Equations Identifiability
Department of Mathematics Kabale University Kikungiri Hill, Katuna Road, 317, Kabale, Uganda
Predictions as Surrogates: Revisiting Surrogate Outcomes in the Age of AI
Jan 16, 2025Wenlong Ji, Lihua Lei, Tijana ZrnicMachine Learning Surrogates Posterior Predictive Distribution
Stanford University

Sep 23, 2026, cs.LGJ/K move · Enter open · S save

Probabilistic and Geometry Aware Neural Surrogate of Scrape Off Layer Plasma Simulations

Gabriele Gianuzzo, Stefan Dasbach, Fleur Hendriks, Sven Wiesen+1

Eindhoven University of Technology · DIFFER

Surrogate Models Surrogates Solver Iterations Geometry-Aware

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Fast surrogates for tokamak boundary-plasma simulation are typically deterministic regressors mapping a global operating point to a flattened vector of cell values. Near the divertor detachment transition the steady state is not reliably single-valued. A point estimate must average over qualitatively different plasma states, and it arrives with no statement of confidence. Moreover, the flattened vector representation discards the geometric structure of the SOLPS-ITER mesh. This work addresses both problems. We unroll the curvilinear mesh into three fixed-size image tensors whose layout preserves cell adjacency and inverts exactly, letting a convolutional network act on the geometry without loss of information. A conditional flow matching model, well suited to highly sensitive systems, is then trained on this representation. The result is an efficient, scalable surrogate that captures multiple plausible outcomes even at sensitive operating points. Along a gas-puff scan, the predictive distribution splits into a hot and a cold mode across an early regime transition. A further check on synthetic data with an injected bifurcation of known size confirms the model recovers both branches rather than their average.

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