Statistical Inference

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6 papers in the last four weeks, up 50% on the four weeks before. 0.1% of all new papers.

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  1. A Statistical Inference Framework for PMI Estimation and SGNS Word Embeddings

    Oct 4, 2026Zhongqi FanStatistical InferenceMutual Information

    Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University

  2. A Statistical Perspective on Knowledge Distillation: Foundations, Classical Methods, and Large Language Model Extensions

    Sep 27, 2026Luyang Fang, Haoran Lu, Jiazhang Cai +4Knowledge DistillationResidual Distillation

    Department of Statistics, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA · Department of Biostatistics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, USA

  3. Conditional Predictive Sufficient Statistics for Visual Representation Learning

    Sep 25, 2026Yuzhou HongPixel-Level PredictionStatistical Inference

    Zhejiang Sci-Tech University

  4. Membership Inference via Pairwise Likelihood Ratios

    Sep 14, 2026Shengjie Niu, Zebin Yun, Yeheng Ge +1Membership Inference AttacksMembership Inference

    The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China · Tel Aviv University, Israel

  5. A Statistical Approach to Estimating Sample Size of Machine Learning Models

    Sep 10, 2026Dat Phan-Trong, Sunil Gupta, Svetha VenkateshSample SizeStatistical Inference

    Deakin Applied Artificial Intelligence Initiative, Deakin University, Australia

  6. A statistical approach to bias in zero-shot learning: the lens of handwriting recognition

    Sep 9, 2026Clarence Chew, Gim Siang Chia, Sukalpa Chanda +2Handwritten Text RecognitionHandwriting

    Department of Mathematics National University of Singapore · Dept of Comp Sc & Comm Østfold University College · Statistics and Mathematics Unit Indian Statistical Institute

  7. Towards a Statistical Understanding of Mixture-of-Experts

    Sep 3, 2026Siyuan He, Bokai Yang, Jie Hu +2Statistical InferenceApproximation

    Qiuzhen College, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. · KLATASDS-MOE, School of Statistics, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China. · Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China. +1

  8. Benchmarking Language Models for Statistical Problem Formulation

    Sep 2, 2026Chen Wang, Junzhe Zhao, Xin Cong +2Large Language Model BenchmarksStatistical Inference

    Department of Statistics and Data Science, Tsinghua University

  9. Debiased Inference for AI-Generated Data without Gold-Standard Labels: Identification via Multiple Imperfect Measurements

    Aug 18, 2026Naoki Egami, Sooahn ShinStatistical InferenceLarge Language Model Annotations

    Department of Political Science and Statistics and Data Science Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139 · Department of Political Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139

  10. When Do Anchor-Based Pointwise LLM Rerankers Help? Retriever Quality, Statistical Scope, and Anchor Design

    Aug 11, 2026Utshab Kumar Ghosh, Shubham ChatterjeeLarge Language Model RerankingStatistical Inference

    Missouri University of Science and Technology Rolla, MO, USA

  11. To Describe or Construct Statistical Learning Models Using the Category-theoretical Language

    Aug 4, 2026Congwei SongStatistical InferenceLearnability

  12. Beyond Accuracy: A Multidimensional Evaluation of Statistical Reasoning in Large Language Models

    Aug 4, 2026Monnie McGee, Mateo Langston Smith, Julian CabreraLLM Reasoning StrategiesStatistical Inference

    Department of Statistics and Data Science Southern Methodist University · Research Technology Services Southern Methodist University

  13. Statistically Supported LLM Ingredient and Recipe Data Collection in Computational Nutrition

    Jul 25, 2026James Izzard, Hassan Eshkiki, Fabio CaraffiniDietRecipe

    Swansea University, Department of Computer Science, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8EN, Wales, UK

  14. An Integrated Deep Learning and Statistical Framework for Whole-Network Gene--Environment Association with Leaf Vascular Architecture

    Jul 23, 2026Geran Zhao, Yangsheng Wang, Xiaotian Dai +1Tomato DiseasesDeep Learning Framework

    Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York 13902, USA · Department of Mathematics, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois 61790, USA

  15. An Introduction to Bayesian and Frequentist Simulation-Based Inference with Machine Learning

    Jul 23, 2026Maximilian Dax, Theo Heimel, Gilles LouppeBayesian InferenceBayesian

    ELLIS Institute Tübingen, Max Planck Institute for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen AI Center, Tübingen, Germany · CP3, Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium · Montefiore Institute, University of Liège, Belgium

  16. Statistical Inference for Rank Allocation in Low-Rank Adaptation

    Jul 22, 2026Yihang Gao, Vincent Y. F. TanStatistical Inference

    Department of Mathematics, National University of Singapore · Department of Mathematics and Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore

  17. Directional Kernel Mean Difference: A Fast Signed Statistic for Univariate Distribution Comparison

    Jul 22, 2026Shijie Zhong, Jiangfeng FuMaximum Mean DiscrepancyKernel Method

    School of Power and Energy Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an, Shanxi 710129

  18. Dimension-Calibrated Unexplained Mass: An Interpretable Drift Statistic for Contamination Monitoring in Data Streams

    Jul 18, 2026Behnam AsadiGaussian Mixture ModelsUnsupervised Detection

  19. Publicly-Verifiable Certificates for Statistical Algorithms

    Jul 17, 2026Michael Ngo, Michael P. KimZero-Knowledge ProofsCertificates

    MIT · Research completed while at Cornell University, supported by the Bowers Undergraduate Research Experience (BURE) and the Dean Archer Undergraduate Research Program. · Cornell University

  20. A Shortcut to Statistically Steady-State Turbulence with Flow Matching

    Jul 14, 2026Gianluca Galletti, Gerald Gutenbrunner, William Hornsby +5Turbulent FlowsGenerative Models

    Institute for Machine Learning, JKU Linz · United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, Culham campus · Mistral AI

  21. Solution of the Hempel's statistical ambiguity problem and Causal AI

    Jul 14, 2026Evgenii VityaevStatistical Inference

    Sobolev Institute of Mathematics of the SB RAS, Koptuga 4, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.

  22. Geometric mean-based pairwise comparison method with the reference values -- statistical approach

    Jul 10, 2026Konrad Kułakowski, Jacek SzybowskiPrioritizationStatistical Inference

    AGH University of Krakow, WEAiIB, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Poland · AGH University of Krakow, WMS, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Poland

  23. Failures and Successes to Learn a Core Conceptual Distinction from the Statistics of Language

    Jul 5, 2026Zhimin Hu, Jeroen van Paridon, Gary LupyanStatistical InferenceCognitive Science

    Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, USA

  24. evalci: A Python Library for Statistically Rigorous Comparison of Language Model Evaluations

    Jul 5, 2026Shreyas K ChandrahasLarge Language Model EvaluationMmlu-Pro

  25. Statistical validation and full-sphere extension of a Bayesian model for human static sound localisation

    Jun 23, 2026Roberto Barumerli, Fabian Brinkmann, Emanuele Zanoni +3Sound Source LocalizationSpeaker

    Dyson School of Design Engineering, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom · Audio Communication Group, Technische Universität Berlin, Germany · Department of Industrial Systems Technology and Management, University of Padova, Vicenza, Italy

  26. Neural Networks as Linear Regression: An Introduction for Statisticians

    Jun 22, 2026Abigail Loe, Susan Murray, Zhenke WuNeural NetworkStatistical Inference

    Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Macalester College, Saint Paul, Minnesota, U.S.A. · Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

  27. StatABench: Dataset and Framework for Evaluating Statistical Analysis Capabilities of LLMs

    Jun 22, 2026Youxin Zhu, Yixuan Ding, Peng Lai +3Statistical InferenceTool-Grounded Reasoning

    Southern University of Science and Technology · The University of Hong Kong · Alibaba Group +1

  28. Statistical Inference for Misspecified Contextual Bandits

    Jun 21, 2026Yongyi Guo, Ziping XuContextual Bandit FrameworkStatistical Inference

    Department of Statistics, University of Wisconsin–Madison · School of Data Science and Society, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill

  29. Statistical Properties of Training & Generalization

    Jun 18, 2026Itay Lavie, Noam Levi, Yonatan KahnPhysics-Informed LearningInductive Bias

    John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA · Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel · Department of Physics, University of Toronto and Vector Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada

  30. Ablation, Statistical Inference, and Validation for KV-Cache Compression

    Jun 14, 2026Paolo D'Alberto, Ashish Siarasao, Elliott Delaye +1Key-Value Cache CompressionResidual Vector Quantization

    Advanced Micro Devices, Inc.

  31. Identification and Inference for Algorithmic Frontiers with Selective Labels

    Jun 12, 2026Yiqi Liu, Francesca Molinari, Amilcar VelezSelection BiasAlgorithmic Fairness

    Department of Economics, Cornell University

  32. Interpretable Neural Marked Statistics for Cosmological Inference

    Jun 9, 2026Federico Semenzato, Benjamin D. Wandelt, Michele Liguori +1CosmologyStatistical Inference

    Dipartimento di Fisica Galileo Galilei, Universit`a di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy · INFN Sezione di Padova, I-35131 Padova, Italy · Department of Physics and Astronomy, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, Baltimore, MD, 21218, USA +2

  33. Vector Space of Cycles

    Jun 6, 2026Moo K. Chung, Anass B. El-Yaagoubi, Hernando OmbaoRecurrenceStatistical Inference

    Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA · Statistics Program, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia

  34. Hypothesis-Disciplined Multi-Agent Automated Formalization of Asymptotic Statistical Theory

    Jun 3, 2026Tingzhou Wei, Zeyu Zheng, Ethan X. Fang +1AutoformalizationFormalization

    Department of Biostatistics & Bioinformatics, Duke University · Department of Mathematical Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University · Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health

  35. Bandit Simulation for Average Reward Inference

    May 30, 2026Samya Praharaj, Chih-Yu Chang, Koulik Khamaru +1BanditsConfidence Intervals

    Rutgers University · Imperial College London

  36. Statistical Analysis of using the Shapley Value for Sensor Anomaly Localization with Accurate Classifiers

    May 30, 2026Xubin Fang, Rick S. BlumShapley ValueLogical Anomalies

    Electrical and Computer Engineering Department of Lehigh University

  37. Multi-Agent Conformal Prediction with Personalized Statistical Validity

    May 30, 2026Martin V. Vejling, Christophe A. N. Biscio, Adrien Mazoyer +2Online Conformal PredictionHeterogeneity

    Department of Electronic Systems Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark · Department of Mathematical Sciences Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark · Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France

  38. Generative Models and Statistical Validation

    May 28, 2026Sascha Diefenbacher, Sofia Palacios Schweitzer, Gregor KasieczkaGenerative ModelsStatistical Inference

    Institut für Theoretische Physik, Universität Heidelberg, Germany · Physics Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, USA · NHETC, Department of Physics & Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA +1

  39. Diffusion Models Are Statistically Optimal for Learning Low-Dimensional Multi-Modal Distributions

    May 28, 2026Jingda Wu, Changxiao CaiLow-Dimensional StructureScore-Based Diffusion Model

    Department of Industrial and Operations Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA.

  40. The Importance of Being Statistically Earnest: A Critical Re-evaluation of GSM-Symbolic

    May 27, 2026Dominika Agnieszka Długosz, Arlindo Oliveira, Natalia Díaz-RodríguezLLM Reasoning StrategiesReasoning Skills

    Instituto Superior Técnico & INESC-ID, Universidade de Lisboa, Portugal · Dept. of Computer Science and AI & DaSCI Institute, Universidad de Granada, Spain

  41. Privately Estimating Monotone Statistics in Polynomial Time

    May 27, 2026Gavin Brown, Ephraim Linder, Mahbod Majid +1Optimal Sample ComplexityStatistical Inference

    University of Wisconsin–Madison · Boston University · MIT Mathematics +1

  42. When prompt perturbations break your A/B test: A valid statistical test for generative surveying

    May 26, 2026Hayden Helm, Carey PriebeSurveyTwo-Sample Testing

    Helivan · Johns Hopkins University

  43. Statistical Inference for Stochastic Gradient Descent Beyond Finite Variance

    May 25, 2026Jose Blanchet, Peter Glynn, Wenhao YangStochastic Gradient DescentConfidence Intervals

    Management Science and Engineering, Stanford University

  44. STaT: Resolving Shape Distortion in Non-Stationary Time Series via Tri-Modal Synergy

    May 25, 2026Hui Cheng, Jinsheng Guo, Zhenhao Weng +2Multivariate Time Series ForecastingNon-Stationarity

    Hefei University of Technology Hefei, China

  45. Causality as the Statistical Conscience of Artificial Intelligence: From Pearl's Ladder to Trustworthy Machines

    May 22, 2026Ernest FokouéCausal InferencesCausal Reasoning

    School of Mathematics and Statistics, College of Science Rochester Institute of TechnologyMay Rochester, New York 14623, USA

  46. When Does Model Collapse Occur in Structured Interactive Learning?

    May 19, 2026Yuchen Wu, Kangjie Zhou, Weijie SuCollapseGenerative Models

    School of Operations Research and Information Engineering, Cornell University · Department of Statistics, Columbia University · Department of Statistics and Data Science, University of Pennsylvania

  47. Physics-informed simulation framework for realistic sonar image generation and statistical validation

    May 19, 2026Kamal Basha S, Athira NambiarForward-Looking SonarGeometric Bathymetric Data

    Department of Computational Intelligence, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Chennai, India

  48. StatQAT: Statistical Quantizer Optimization for Deep Networks

    May 18, 2026Mehmet Aktukmak, Daniel Huang, Ke DingQuantization-Aware TrainingDeep Network

    Intel

  49. Error-Decomposed Class-Conditional Fusion for Statistically Guaranteed Hard-Category Robust Perception

    May 17, 2026Guowei Luo, Ziqi Shi, Zhao XieUncertainty-Aware FusionCollaborative Fusion

    Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, China · Lishui University, Lishui, China

  50. Wahkon: A Statistically Principled Deep RKHS Superposition Network

    May 13, 2026Yongkai Chen, Wenxuan Zhong, Ping MaReproducing Kernel Hilbert SpacesKolmogorov-Arnold Networks

    Department of Statistics, Harvard University · Department of Statistics, University of Georgia

  51. XAI and Statistical Analysis for Reliable Intrusion Detection in the UAVIDS-2025 Dataset: From Tree to Hybrid and Tabular DNN Ensembles

    May 13, 2026Iakovos-Christos Zarkadis, Christos DouligerisIntrusion DetectionDrone Detection

    University of Piraeus Athens, Greece · Dept. of Informatics University of Piraeus Piraeus, Greece

  52. Learning U-Statistics with Active Inference

    May 12, 2026Xiaoning Wang, Yuyang Huo, Liuhua Peng +1Statistical InferenceEmpirical Risk Minimization

    School of Statistics and Data Sciences, LPMC, KLM-DASR and LEBPS, Nankai University, Tianjin, China · School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia

  53. Post-ADC Inference: Valid Inference After Active Data Collection

    May 12, 2026Shuichi Nishino, Tomohiro Shiraishi, Teruyuki Katsuoka +1Statistical InferencePost-Hoc

    Nagoya University · RIKEN

  54. Neural Statistical Functions

    May 11, 2026Daniel Xu, Yuxin Xie, Minghao Guo +2Statistical InferenceSummary Statistics

    Columbia University · MIT CSAIL

  55. Consistency as a Testable Property: Statistical Methods to Evaluate AI Agent Reliability

    May 11, 2026Harsh Raj, Niranjan Orkat, Suvrorup Mukherjee +3Agentic EvaluationsTrustworthy Artificial Intelligence

    Northeastern University · University of P´ecs · University of Michigan +2

  56. Statistical inference with belief functions: A survey

    May 8, 2026Fabio CuzzolinStatistical InferenceSurvey

    Institute for AI, Data Analysis and Systems (AIDAS) · School of Engineering, Computing & Mathematics, Oxford Brookes University

  57. Optimizing Social Utility in Sequential Experiments

    May 7, 2026Ander Artola Velasco, Stratis Tsirtsis, Manuel Gomez-RodriguezBayesian Experimental DesignUtility Maximization

    Max Planck Institute for Software Systems, Kaiserslautern, Germany · Hasso Plattner Institute, Potsdam, Germany

  58. A Statistical Framework for Algorithmic Collective Action with Multiple Collectives

    May 7, 2026Claudio Battiloro, Pietro Greiner, Dario Rancati +3Collective BehaviorsStatistical Inference

    Harvard University · Mila and LawZero · Institute of Science and Technology Austria +2

  59. CITE: Anytime-Valid Statistical Inference in LLM Self-Consistency

    May 7, 2026Hirofumi Ota, Naoto Iwase, Yuki Ichihara +2Large Language Model ReliabilityLLM Reasoning Strategies

    arXiv:2605.05873v1

  60. Unsupervised Machine Learning for Detecting Structural Anomalies in European Regional Statistics

    May 4, 2026Bogdan OanceaUnsupervisedOutliers

    Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Romania · National Institute for Research and Development for Biological Sciences, Bucharest, Romania