Ambiguity

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13 papers in the last four weeks, up 30% on the four weeks before. 0.2% of all new papers.

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The Sword, Shield, and Achilles' Heel: Characterizing the Linguistic Inductive Bias of Large Language Models for Spatial Reasoning in Navigation Planning
May 29, 2026Xudong Zhang, Jian Yang, Shengkai Wang +5Large Language Model Planning Spatial Reasoning
1East China Normal University, China · 2Information Engineering University, China · 3Zhengzhou University, China
Do Large Language Models Encode Institutional Experience? Evidence from Cross-Linguistic Moral Reasoning Under Ambiguity
May 29, 2026Nattavudh PowdthaveeMoral Reasoning Cross-Lingual Consistency
School of Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
Casual as an Anchor: Resolving Supervision Misalignment in Formality Transfer Dataset
May 28, 2026Hyojeong Yu, Hyukhun Koh, Minsung Kim +1Stylistic Fidelity Motion-Language Alignment
Seoul National University Seoul, Korea
Localizing Input Uncertainty Quantification for Large Language Models via Shapley Values
May 27, 2026Seongjun Lee, Suwan Yoon, Changhee LeeLarge Language Model Uncertainty Uncertainty Quantification
Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University
Beyond Appearance: Can Multimodal Large Language Models Exploit Vertical Structure for Remote Sensing Natural Scene Understanding?
May 25, 2026Jing Huang, Duanchu Wang, Junjie Yang +5Visual Grounding Benchmarks Remote Sensing
School of Software Engineering, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, China · Shenyang Institute of Automation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, China · State Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Hybrid Augmented Intelligence, Xi’an Jiaotong University
Knowing but Not Showing: LLMs Recognize Ambiguity but Rarely Ask Clarifying Questions
May 24, 2026Jinyan Su, Claire CardieClarification Ambiguity
1Cornell University
Calibrating Probabilistic Object Detectors with Annotator Disagreement
May 23, 2026Zhi Qin Tan, Owen Addison, Yunpeng LiObject Detection Ground Truth
Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
Resolving Ambiguity in Composed Image Retrieval via Calibrated Interaction
May 23, 2026Amsisan Tran, Baogh Le, Tuan Kiet Pham +1Composed Image Retrieval Ambiguity
Amsisan Tran · Baogh Le · Tuan Kiet Pham +1
Structure-Guided Entity Resolution: Fine-Tuning LLMs for Robust Name Matching in Complex Linguistic Contexts
May 22, 2026Shivam Chourasia, Hitesh Kapoor, Nilesh PatilNamed-Entity Recognition Ambiguity
Dream Sports
When One Point Is Not Enough: Addressing Ambiguous Instances in Dimensionality Reduction by Splitting
May 22, 2026Diede P. M. van der Hoorn, Alessio Arleo, Fernando V. PaulovichDimensionality Reduction High-Dimensional
Eindhoven University of Technology
Resolving Representation Ambiguity in Feedforward Novel View Synthesis Transformer via Semantic-Spatial Decoupling
May 18, 2026Yihang Wu, Yihang Sun, Shaofeng Zhang +4Novel View Synthesis Spatial Tokens
Institute of Trustworthy Embodied Artificial Intelligence (TEAI), Fudan University · 3Sch. of Artificial Intelligence & Sch. of Computer Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University · University of Science and Technology of China +1
Don't Guess, Just Ask: Resolving Ambiguity in Referring Segmentation via Multi-turn Clarification
May 17, 2026Yuting Yang, Haichao Jiang, Tianming Liang +2Video Object Segmentation Ambiguity
School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, China · Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology, China · Key Laboratory of Machine Intelligence and Advanced Computing, Ministry of Education, China
Defining Cultural Capabilities for AI Evaluation: A Taxonomy Grounded in Intercultural Communication Theory
May 15, 2026Isar Nejadgholi, Masoud Kianpour, Krishnapriya Vishnubhotla +1Cultural Awareness Artificial Intelligence Evaluation
National Research Council, Canada · Toronto Metropolitan University, Canada · Mila, Quebec AI Institute, Canada
Evaluating Chinese Ambiguity Understanding in Large Language Models
May 15, 2026Junwen Mo, Yuanzhi Lu, Yifang Xue +2Ambiguity Semantic Entropy
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan · School of Software Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Panyu District, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
ChangeFlow -- Latent Rectified Flow for Change Detection in Remote Sensing
May 14, 2026Blaž Rolih, Matic Fučka, Filip Wolf +1Change Detection Remote Sensing
University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Computer and Information Science, Slovenia
Separating Intrinsic Ambiguity from Estimation Uncertainty in Deep Generative Models for Linear Inverse Problems
May 14, 2026Yuxin Guo, Dongrui Deng, Pulkit GroverCalibrated Uncertainty Bayesian Inverse Problems
1Neuroscience Institute, Carnegie Mellon University · 2Machine Learning Department, Carnegie Mellon University · Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University
Neurosymbolic Auditing of Natural-Language Software Requirements
May 13, 2026Bethel Hall, William EiersFormal Verification Neuro-Symbolic Framework
Stevens Institute of Technology
Revisiting Photometric Ambiguity for Accurate Gaussian-Splatting Surface Reconstruction
May 12, 2026Jiahe Li, Jiawei Zhang, Xiao Bai +4Surface Reconstruction Gaussian Splatting
School of Computer Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Complex Critical & Software Environment, Jiangxi Research Institute, Beihang University · School of Computing, National University of Singapore · State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beijing +2
VIP: Visual-guided Prompt Evolution for Efficient Dense Vision-Language Inference
May 12, 2026Hao Zhu, Shuo Jin, Wenbin Liao +4Open-Vocabulary Segmentation Visual In-Context Learning
Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · School of Computer Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · XJTLU +1
When Brains Disagree: Biological Ambiguity Underlies the Challenge of Amyloid PET Synthesis from Structural MRI
May 12, 2026Louise E. G. Baron, Ross Callaghan, David M. Cash +3Magnetic Resonance Imaging Ambiguity
Hawkes Institute, University College London, UK · Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK · AINOSTICS Ltd, Manchester, UK +3
Ambig-DS: A Benchmark for Task-Framing Ambiguity in Data-Science Agents
May 10, 2026Josefa Lia Stoisser, Marc Boubnovski Martell, Sidsel Boldsen +2Data Science Agents Agentic Benchmarks
Novo Nordisk London, UK
From Pixels to Concepts: Do Segmentation Models Understand What They Segment?
May 10, 2026Shuang Liang, Zeqing Wang, Yuxian Li +2Multiple Vision Tasks Ambiguity
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Hong Kong · CASIC · School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University +1
Contextual Plackett-Luce: An Efficient Neural Model for Probabilistic Sequence Selection under Ambiguity
May 9, 2026Noam Mizrachi, Nadav Har-Tuv, Shai Shalev-ShwartzSequence Modeling Model Selection
Mobileye
Do Benchmarks Underestimate LLM Performance? Evaluating Hallucination Detection With LLM-First Human-Adjudicated Assessment
May 8, 2026I. F. Atasoy, B. Mutlu, E. A. Sezer +1Citation Hallucination Detection Large Language Models(Llms
Department of Computer Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, 06800, Türkiye · Department of Computer Engineering, Ankara University, Ankara, 06830, Türkiye · Zephlen AI and Information Technologies Inc., Kocaeli, 41400, Türkiye
Flexible Routing via Uncertainty Decomposition
May 8, 2026Charlotte Peale, Siddartha Devic, Parikshit Gopalan +2Uncertainty-Aware Classification Learning-Augmented Algorithms
1Stanford University · University of Southern California · 3Apple
Understanding Annotator Safety Policy with Interpretability
May 6, 2026Alex Oesterling, Donghao Ren, Yannick Assogba +4Human Annotators Artificial Intelligence Safety
Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA · Apple, Seattle, WA, USA · Apple, Cambridge, MA, USA +1
To Fuse or to Drop? Dual-Path Learning for Resolving Modality Conflicts in Multimodal Emotion Recognition
May 6, 2026Yangchen Yu, Qian Chen, Jia Li +5Emotion Recognition Cross-Modal
School of Computer Science and Information Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China · School of Computing and Information Systems, Singapore Management University, Singapore · College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore +1
Posterior-First Neural PDE Simulation: Inferring Hidden Problem State from a Single Field
May 5, 2026Wenshuo Wang, Fan ZhangNeural Partial Differential Equation Solvers Field Evaluation
School of Future Technology, South China University of Technology, China · State Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, China · Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
VIDA: A Dataset for Visually Dependent Ambiguity in Multimodal Machine Translation
May 3, 2026Jingheng Pan, Xintong Wang, Longyue Wang +3Multimodal Benchmarks Ambiguity
Department of Informatics, Universität Hamburg · Alibaba Cloud · Taobao&Tmall, Alibaba Group
MOC-3D: Manifold-Order Consistency for Text-to-3D Generation
May 3, 2026Chenyang Fan, Junshi Cheng, Wen Yang +53D Generative Models Diffusion Priors
Chongqing Normal University Chongqing, China
GeoBlur: Epipolar Geometry Estimation from a Single Motion-Blurred Image
May 2, 2026Bao-Long Tran, Cuong Le, Fredrik Viksten +1Motion Blur Homography
Computer Vision Laboratory, Linköping University, Sweden
CHASE: Competing Hypotheses for Ambiguity-Aware Selective Prediction
May 2, 2026Kartik Jhawar, Yuhao Geng, Atul N. Parikh +1Ambiguity Abstention
Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science, NTU, Singapore 636921 · School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, NTU, Singapore 639798 · School of Materials Science and Engineering, NTU, Singapore 639798 +1
CGU-ILALab at FoodBench-QA 2026: Comparing Traditional and LLM-based Approaches for Recipe Nutrient Estimation
Apr 28, 2026Wei-Chun Chen, Yu-Xuan Chen, I-Fang Chung +1Diet Recipe
Institute of Biomedical Informatics, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan · Institute of Health Data Science, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan · Department of Artificial Intelligence, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan +1
Do LLMs Capture Embodied Cognition and Cultural Variation? Cross-Linguistic Evidence from Demonstratives
Apr 28, 2026Yu Wang, Emmanuele Chersoni, Chu-Ren HuangCross-Lingual Consistency Ambiguity
Department of Language Science and Technology · The Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Hung Lok Road, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong (China)
What Did They Mean? How LLMs Resolve Ambiguous Social Situations across Perspectives and Roles
Apr 27, 2026Qiming Yuan, Linyi Han, Nam Ling +1Ambiguity Complex Societies
Santa Clara University, USA
Small Language Model Helps Resolve Semantic Ambiguity of LLM Prompt
Apr 25, 2026Zhenzhen Huang, Chaoning Zhang, Fachrina Dewi Puspitasari +4LLM Reasoning Strategies Ambiguity
School of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Department of Electronic Engineering, Kyung Hee University
CLARITY: A Framework and Benchmark for Conversational Language Ambiguity and Unanswerability in Interactive NL2SQL Systems
Apr 24, 2026Tabinda Sarwar, Farhad Moghimifar, Cong Duy Vu Hoang +6Text-To-Sql Ambiguity
Oracle Corporation
Escaping the Agreement Trap: Defensibility Signals for Evaluating Rule-Governed AI
Apr 22, 2026Michael O'Herlihy, Rosa CatalàContent Moderation Agreement
Reddit, Inc.
Fourier Series Coder: A Novel Perspective on Angle Boundary Discontinuity Problem for Oriented Object Detection
Apr 22, 2026Minghong Wei, Pu Cao, Zhihao Chen +3Object Detection Fourier
School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, 100082, China
Dynamic Visual-semantic Alignment for Zero-shot Learning with Ambiguous Labels
Apr 20, 2026Jiangnan Li, Linqing Huang, Xiaowen Yan +3High Confidence Pseudo-Labels Latent Representation Alignment
College of Computer Science and Technology, Qingdao University · School of Computer Science, Shanghai JiaoTong University · Key Laboratory of Computing Power Network and Information Security, Ministry of Education, Shandong Computer Science Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences)
T-DuMpRa: Teacher-guided Dual-path Multi-prototype Retrieval Augmented framework for fine-grained medical image classification
Apr 19, 2026Zixuan Tang, Shen ZhaoMedical Image Classification Learnable Prototypes
School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
Beyond "I Don't Know": Evaluating LLM Self-Awareness in Discriminating Data and Model Uncertainty
Apr 19, 2026Jingyi Ren, Ante Wang, Yunghwei Lai +5Large Language Model Uncertainty Ambiguity
Dept. of Comp. Sci. & Tech., Institute for AI, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China · Institute for AI Industry Research (AIR), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
Jailbreaking Large Language Models with Morality Attacks
Apr 18, 2026Ying Su, Mingen Zheng, Weili Diao +1Large Language Model Jailbreaks Moral Reasoning
South China University of Technology1 · HKUST2 · Beihang University3
On the Rejection Criterion for Proxy-based Test-time Alignment
Apr 17, 2026Ayoub Hammal, Pierre Zweigenbaum, Caio CorroRejection Test Time
Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, LISN · INSA Rennes, IRISA, CNRS, Université de Rennes
Semantic Feature Analysis: Improving Agents Without Searching Over Rollouts
Apr 12, 2026Yuval David, Fabiana Fournier, Lior Limonad +1Deep Semantic Representations Rollout
IBM Software Innovation Lab Haifa, Israel
NRR-Phi: A Typed External Text-to-State Interface and Update Contract for Inspectable Ambiguity-State Maintenance
Jan 12, 2026Kei SaitoAmbiguity Natural Language Inference
Independent Researcher, Japan
NRR-Core: Non-Resolution Reasoning as a Computational Framework for Contextual Identity and Ambiguity Preservation
Dec 15, 2025Kei SaitoAmbiguity Disambiguation
Independent Researcher, Japan
Active Learning with Imperfect Labels: Optimal Labeler Assignment and Sample Selection
Dec 14, 2025Pouya Ahadi, Blair Winograd, Camille Zaug +3Active Learning Label Propagation
School of Industrial and Systems Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta, GA 30332, USA · Ford Motor Company
Investigating ECG Diagnosis with Ambiguous Labels using Partial Label Learning
Dec 11, 2025Sana Rahmani, Javad Hashemi, Ali EtemadElectrocardiogram Classification Electrocardiography
Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Queen’s University, Canada · School of Computing, Queen’s University, Canada
TOPO-Bench: An Open-Source Topological Mapping Evaluation Framework with Quantifiable Perceptual Aliasing
Oct 5, 2025Jiaming Wang, Jizhuo Chen, Diwen Liu +1Topology Perceptual Aliasing
Ask-to-Clarify: Resolving Instruction Ambiguity through Multi-turn Dialogue
Sep 18, 2025Xingyao Lin, Xinghao Zhu, Tianyi Lu +6Embodied Agents Visuomotor Control
College of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. · Shanghai Innovation Institute, Shanghai, China. · Mechanical Systems Control Lab, UC Berkeley, California, USA.
Representing and Detecting Label Ambiguity in IMU-Based Exercise Evaluation
Date pendingAndreas Spilz, Heiko Oppel, Michael MunzInertial Measurement Units Ambiguity
AI for Sensor Data Analytics Research Group, Ulm University of Applied Sciences, 89081 Ulm, Germany
Right Family, Wrong Skill: Evaluating Risk Exposure in Agent Skill Retrieval
Date pendingJiandong Ding, Honglei Ji, Ming Liu +1Reusable Agent Skills Agent Skill Retrieval
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. Shanghai, China · Department of Obstetrics Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine Shanghai, China
Capable but Careless: Do Computer-Use Agents Follow Contextual Integrity?
Date pendingAnmol Goel, Iryna GurevychComputer-Use Agents Disclosures
Ubiquitous Knowledge Processing Lab (UKP Lab), Department of Computer Science, TU Darmstadt and National Research Center for Applied Cybersecurity ATHENE

May 29, 2026, cs.CLJ/K move · Enter open · S save

The Sword, Shield, and Achilles' Heel: Characterizing the Linguistic Inductive Bias of Large Language Models for Spatial Reasoning in Navigation Planning

Xudong Zhang, Jian Yang, Shengkai Wang, Jiangpeng Tian+4

1East China Normal University, China · 2Information Engineering University, China · 3Zhengzhou University, China

Large Language Model Planning Spatial Reasoning Vision-Language Navigation Inductive Bias Ambiguity Topology

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Large Language Model (LLM)-based navigation systems commonly construct explicit spatial representations (e.g., topological graphs, semantic raster maps) and translate them into textual descriptions as LLMs' inputs. However, the linguistic structures of such text-based spatial representations and the choices of contextual features (e.g., topology, geometry) they contain are often treated as neutral engineering decisions rather than key factors that shape LLMs' behavior. To fill the gap, we propose a dual-interventional framework that disentangles linguistic structures from different contextual cues to evaluate the linguistic inductive bias of LLMs for navigation planning. In the framework, representation intervention varies the linguistic format and the degree of linguistic compression, clarifying when linguistic representations support or inhibit navigation planning. Context intervention, combined with contextual feature combination and conflict probing, explicitly clarifies the preferences and weaknesses of LLMs when processing different contextual cues. Experiments across diverse spatial reasoning tasks and multiple model scales reveal a consistent pattern: topological information is a sturdy shield and the backbone of robust planning; linguistic format is a double-edged sword whose effect depends on model size, task demands, and the compression level; and semantic information is a fatal Achilles' heel -- incorrect semantic cues can systematically derail the planning process. Overall, our study shows that effective text-based spatial representations in LLM-based navigation should preserve topological integrity, calibrate representational compression to model capacity, and ensure semantic correctness, rather than simply adopting a single representation. Our code is publicly available at https://github.com/jonesdong150/LLM-Navigation-Inductive-Bias.

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