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Oct 1, 2026cs.SE

Understanding Issues, Causes and Solutions in Open-Source LLM-based Multi-Agent Systems

With the advancement of LLM-based multi-agent systems (MAS), an increasing number of opensource projects are adopting multi-agent architectures as the foundation of their core functionality. Although research and practice on MAS have attracted considerable attention, limited studies have explored the challenges faced by practitioners of open-source LLM-based MAS, the causes of these challenges, and potential solutions. To address this gap,we conducted an empirical study to understand the issues that practitioners encounter when developing and using open-source LLM-based MAS, the possible causes of these issues, and potential solutions. We collected 22,848 closed issues from 21 open-source LLM-basedMASand applied a mixed automated and manual filtering approach to reduce the dataset to 944 issues related to LLM-based MAS.We then analyzed these issues to understand the frequent issues encountered by practitioners, their underlying causes, and potential solutions. Our study results show that (1) Orchestration & Execution Issue is the most common issue faced by practitioners, (2) Workflow Problem, Tool Integration Problem, and Memory Problem are identified as the most frequent causes of the issues, and (3) Optimize Workflow is the predominant solution to the issues. Based on the study results, we derive empirically grounded implications for practitioners and researchers aimed at improving orchestration, tool integration, and memory mechanisms in LLM-based MAS.

Asad Ur Rehman, Syed Mohammad Kashif, Ruiyin Li +3

School of Computer Science, Wuhan University, China · School of Computer Science & Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence and Smart Learning, Central China Normal University, China · M3S Empirical Software Engineering Research Unit, University of Oulu, Finland

Multi-Agent Large Language Model SystemsOpen-SourceAgentic Workflow Design
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Sep 30, 2026cs.LG

The Nixtlaverse: An Open-Source Ecosystem for Forecasting

Large forecasting applications often combine statistical, machine-learning, and neural models. These families solve the same problem but differ in fitted state, training procedures, and how they parallelize work. Forecasting software must therefore either hide these differences behind a single estimator interface, or keep the families in separate packages, forcing users to rewrite data preparation and evaluation for every package. We present the Nixtlaverse, an ecosystem of open-source Python libraries for time series forecasting, as a case study of a third design: all libraries share the same long-format panel data and keyed forecast outputs, while every model family keeps its own specialized implementation. We demonstrate this design through three use cases on the public M5 competition data. First, we evaluate statistical, machine-learning, and neural models, and an external engine from a separate ecosystem, in a single rolling-origin evaluation with per-series and hierarchy-weighted metrics. Second, we profile runtime and peak memory from 100 to 30,490 series and locate each family's bottleneck: statistical fitting scales approximately linearly in the number of series, feature construction dominates machine-learning memory, and neural training time is nearly independent of panel size under a fixed training budget. Third, we reconcile the forecasts of multiple engines, including the external one, over all 42,840 series of the M5 hierarchy, with sparse reconciliation where dense implementations exhausted memory. These use cases establish the costs, boundaries, and utility of shared data and output contracts. The Nixtlaverse has seen substantial public distribution, scholarly reuse, and adoption through other forecasting frameworks, and is released under permissive open-source licenses with public datasets, reproducible examples, and verifiable benchmark artifacts.

Olivier Sprangers, Max Mergenthaler Canseco, Marco Peixeiro +8

Nixtla, San Francisco, CA, United States

Data-Driven ForecastingOpen-SourceEcosystems
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Sep 28, 2026cs.LG

E3J: An Efficient and Open-Source Backend for Euclidean Equivariant Operations on GPU and TPU

We present e3j, a fast Euclid-equivariance backend for geometric deep learning applications with JAX bindings for GPU and TPU. Leveraging both optimized CUDA and Pallas kernels and algorithmic improvements, the library achieves state-of-the-art throughput and runtime on both forward and backward paths. On a machine learning interatomic potential (MLIP) use case, it outperforms established backends, measuring up to 34% speed-up over cuEquivariance on water box NPT simulation using MACE, while remaining fully open source. E3j achieves over 80% efficiency over the H100 maximum memory bandwidth on tensor product operations, and in many cases more than doubles throughput of message passing convolutions forward compared to previously available backends. In addition, with the release of dedicated Pallas TPU kernel, e3j opens the possibility of large scale equivariant deep learning workloads on TPU architectures, which has so far been difficult to achieve. Our benchmarks show that e3j also achieves over 80% of a TPUv6e memory bandwidth, up to one order of magnitude more than e3nn-jax. The library is available on GitHub, PyPI and is released under an open source Apache 2.0 license.

Olivier Peltre, Armand Picard, Adrien Pichard +6

InstaDeep · Prima Mente

Rotation EquivarianceCudaGeometric Deep LearningOpen-Source
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Sep 26, 2026cs.AI

RepoMAS: Solving Progressively Specified Tasks with Issue-Driven Multi-Agent Systems

LLM-based multi-agent systems (MASs) have shown strong potential for solving complex tasks, but most assume that task requirements are sufficiently specified before execution. In practice, user requests are often incomplete, and additional requirements may only become clear during reasoning, tool use, or execution. We refer to such problems as progressively specified tasks. To systematically study this setting, we introduce ProgSpec, a benchmark that evaluates final outputs against requirements explicitly stated in the initial request and additional requirements supported by the available task evidence. We further propose RepoMAS, an issue-driven multi-agent framework inspired by open-source project management. RepoMAS records newly discovered requirements, conflicts, and failures as structured Issues and uses them to revise the task specification and execution structure during problem solving. Across ProgSpec and five existing benchmarks, RepoMAS achieves the best performance. Further analyses show that its issue-driven revision and repository maintenance mechanisms consistently contribute to performance. These results highlight the importance of allowing MASs to revise not only how a task is solved, but also revise their explicit representation of task requirements during execution.

Yuchen Song, Andong Chen, Wenxin Zhu +2

Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China

Model-Based Multi-Agent SystemsOpen-Source
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Sep 24, 2026cs.CL

Low-Cost Assays for Measuring Model Behavior Across Vendors and Releases

Language models advise people, keep them company, and write software while they sleep. Measuring what they do is hard: behavior has to be sampled repeatedly across models, prompts and releases, most of it lives in unstructured text that has to be coded before it can be counted, and the result has to be legible and rigorous enough to meaningfully compare models and vendors. To address these constraints, we present a simple, cheap, scalable, and replicable model for studying model behavior. Each study is a frozen, public stimulus run identically on a cross-vendor panel, at a few dollars per model or less. Each reads its transcripts one of three ways, chosen by how much interpretation the behavior needs: exact match on a clamped reply, a codebook applied by LLM judges whose agreement with a human coder is reported per code, and an instrumented environment that records what an agent did independently of what it said. Run across four years of model releases from both frontier and open-source labs, these instruments find four things. Convergence: asked to pick a word, 27 of 44 models answer serendipity at least once in four tries. Resistance: a trailing "right?" moves endorsement by up to 32 points, and the sign flips from sycophantic to resistant as generations advance, keyed to the tag's surface form. House: whether a model holds a position under pressure tracks its generation, and how it holds tracks the lab that built it. Account: told to do something the documentation in their repository contradicts, some coding agents never went along silently and others always did, and the same model can change with the harness it runs in. Re-run on every release, batteries like these track how behavior is changing across vendors and over time.

Tapan Parikh

Cornell Tech

ReleaseOpen-Source
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Sep 24, 2026cs.CL

pylazaro: a Python package for anglicism extraction in Spanish

Lexical borrowings are words from one language that are introduced into another language. Identifying lexical borrowings in text is a relevant task for data-centric fields in Linguistics such as lexicography or corpus linguistics, but none of the standard libraries for text processing offers such a functionality. In this paper we present pylazaro, an open-source Python package for the automatic extraction of unassimilated lexical borrowings (mostly anglicisms) from Spanish text. pylazaro offers a single interface to five sequence labeling models that were trained using different libraries, so that users can run and switch between them without having to deal with the idiosyncrasies of each library. We describe the design and usage of the package, contrast the performance of its models with that of general-purpose LLMs (which perform poorly at this task: F1 below 0.40, compared to 0.86 for the best model in pylazaro) and report on its adoption: pylazaro has been downloaded more than 58,000 times and is the library behind Observatorio Lazaro, a resource that monitors anglicism usage in the Spanish press. pylazaro can be installed via PyPI, is documented in readthedocs and can be tried through a live demo hosted on HuggingFace Spaces.

Elena Alvarez-Mellado

Department of Linguistics Universidad Autónoma de Madrid

SpanishPythonExtractionOpen-SourceSequence Modeling
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Sep 23, 2026cs.LG

TNLearn: An Open Source Python Package for Task-based Neurons

The brain does not rely on a single type of neuron to perform all kinds of tasks; instead, it designs different neurons for different tasks. The concept of task-based neurons represents a paradigm shift compared to task-based architectures. It argues that solving a specific problem requires customized neurons, as task-based neurons capture useful prior knowledge from task-related data. To facilitate the use of task-based neurons in scientific research and industrial applications, we introduce TNLearn, an open-source Python package that provides automated construction of task-based neurons and networks, enabling smooth training of task-based networks. Comprehensive documentation, including technical exposition, API reference, and representative examples, is available online. TNLearn is open-sourced at https://github.com/NewT123-WM/tnlearn and has become a PyTorch ecosystem project.

Meng Wang, Tieyun Li, Juntong Fan +5

Shenzhen H&T Intelligent Control Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China · School of Mathematics, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China · Department of Data Science, The City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong +1

NeuronsPytorchOpen-Source
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Sep 16, 2026cs.CY

BurnRiSc: Toward Non-Invasive Burnout Screening in Open Source from Public Repository Signals

Burnout is a chronic occupational syndrome, and open source is close to a worst case for it: maintainers absorb unbounded demand with no manager to reallocate work and no organization to notice decline. The cost is not only personal. Burnout precedes withdrawal, and in projects sustained by a handful of maintainers, one departure can break infrastructure that thousands of downstream systems depend on. Yet the field has no way to see it coming: self-report inventories, the only existing measure, miss exactly the contributors most in need of detection and cannot be applied retroactively, so the field cannot even ask how common burnout is or what helps. We present BurnRiSc, a framework that operationalizes the Oldenburg Burnout Inventory's two dimensions, exhaustion and disengagement, as 14 behavioral and linguistic signals computed from GitHub activity and scored against each contributor's own history. The signals aggregate into two weighted dimension scores, with weights learned from labeled cases, and average into a monthly Burnout Risk Score (BRS). In a preliminary evaluation across 68 contributors in ten repositories (ten disclosed burnout cases, twelve comparable-volume collapses, and 46 comparison contributors), sustained BRS elevation precedes 6 of 10 disclosures by 6-15 months, 8 of 10 when adding peak BRS as a second criterion, and 10 of 10 over any prior time frame. We thus present BurnRiSc as evidence that burnout is screenable from public data.

Timofey Sanko, Yuan Tian, Mariam Guizani

Queen’s University Kingston, Ontario, Canada

Open-SourceDistressPrivate SignalsInventory ControlLinguistics
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Sep 15, 2026cs.LG

Lecture notes on Physics Informed Neural Networks, Neural Operators, and their applications

This is the set of lecture notes for the PhD course \href{https://www.unibz.it/en/faculties/engineering/phd-computer-science/study-course-offering/2025/36967}{\textit{Physics Informed Neural Network}, held at the University of Bozen/Bolzano} in the academic year 2025/2026. The goal of the course was to introduce the concept of Physics Informed Deep Neural Networks (PINN) and Neural Operators (NOs), discuss their implementation from scratch in PyTorch and using advanced ad-hoc developed open-source libraries such as NVIDia PhysicsNeMo to address real-world problems in various fields (engineering, physics, petroleum reservoir). We discuss recent topics such as Mixture-of-Models, Fourier Neural Operators, Physics-Informed Kolmogorov-Arnold Networks (PIKANs) and Fourier Neural Operators.

Alessandro Bombini

Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Firenze

Parametric Physics-Informed Neural NetworkFourier Neural OperatorsNeural OperatorsNeural NetworkOpen-Source
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Sep 11, 2026cs.RO

SwarmNxt: Open-source Software-Hardware Platform for Fast and Agile Aerial Swarms

Aerial robot swarms have the potential to transform time-critical safety, security, and search-and-rescue operations. By coordinating multiple robots, they can rapidly survey disaster sites, map collapsed or GPS-denied environments, and search cluttered areas faster than a single robot, reducing response times and minimizing risks to first responders. Realizing this potential, however, requires robust autonomous swarm navigation, which remains an active research challenge. Progress is further constrained by existing platforms, as commercial drones are often closed-source or lack the onboard computational resources needed for agile, vision-based collective flight. Moreover, developing, deploying, and maintaining software across multiple aerial robots requires significant engineering effort. To address these challenges, we present SwarmNxt, an open-source software platform built on the open-source OmniNxt drone hardware. SwarmNxt provides an end-to-end toolkit, including detailed hardware assembly instructions with a video tutorial, automation tools for parallel software deployment and swarm-wide updates, and a ROS 2-based framework for autonomous navigation. The platform integrates state-of-the-art control, planning, and depth estimation into a single ROS 2 multi-agent system, providing an open research infrastructure for physical swarm experimentation. We validate SwarmNxt through two real-world experiments: a six-drone swarm performing decentralized planning with high-speed inter-drone collision avoidance, and a four-drone swarm executing collective flight with onboard depth estimation in an obstacle-filled environment. Both experiments were run indoors with global position from external motion capture; perception, planning, and control run onboard.

Charbel Toumieh, Niel Mistry, Benjamin Jarvis +4

Laboratory of Intelligent Systems, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH1015 Lausanne, Switzerland · Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle SwarmsAutonomous DronesSwarmsHeterogeneous Robot TeamsAutonomous NavigationCollision Avoidance+2
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Sep 3, 2026cs.LG

RobustSeiz: An Open-Source Framework for Benchmarking the Robustness of EEG Seizure Detection Models

Despite strong performance on held-out electroencephalography (EEG) data, seizure detectors may fail under real-world acquisition variability, artifacts, and adversarial inputs. We introduce RobustSeiz, an open-source, model-agnostic framework that provides a standardized, reproducible protocol for stress-testing and comparing seizure detectors under controlled, clinically motivated distribution shifts before deployment. We standardize four public scalp-EEG corpora (CHB-MIT, TUSZ, Siena, and SeizeIT1) into BIDS-EEG trees and evaluate subject-independent detectors on held-out splits. Environment, noise, and adversarial transforms are swept over predefined hyperparameter grids. Each run reports sample- and event-level sensitivity, precision, F1, false positives per 24 h, Lead and Lag onset timing, and Monte Carlo dropout predictive agreement. RobustSeiz includes a Dockerized GPU pipeline, experiment registry, and full-evaluation and research-subset modes. We demonstrate the framework with a contemporary seizure detector on TUSZ across the complete implemented shift grid; an AWGN analysis illustrates how perturbation severity changes detection quality, onset timing, and predictive agreement. RobustSeiz provides a shared benchmarking standard for evaluating seizure-detector robustness under realistic clinical stressors, extending pre-deployment assessment beyond clean-data accuracy.

Mohammad Mohammadi, Alireza Zarei

Department of Mathematical Sciences, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Seizure DetectionElectroencephalographyStressOpen-Source
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Sep 1, 2026cs.AI

SSAKG 2.0: An Open-Source Package for Structural Associative Sequence Memory and Context-Based Retrieval

This article presents SSAKG 2.0, an open-source software package for constructing and operating Structural Sequential Associative Knowledge Graphs (SSAKGs). An SSAKG represents objects as graph vertices and ordered sequences as structural patterns of graph connections. The resulting sparse graph is used as an associative memory in which complete sequences can be reconstructed from a partial, unordered context. Version 2.0 introduces new algorithms that exploit individual bits of computer memory to efficiently search graph connections. The package is implemented in Python, while performance-critical graph operations are implemented in C and exposed through a Python interface. This hybrid implementation provides a flexible high-level programming environment while reducing the memory and computational overhead associated with large sparse graphs. The algorithms were evaluated using randomly generated numerical sequences, sequences derived from sentences in the NLTK corpus, and mRNA sequences. The experiments demonstrate the ability of the package to store and reconstruct sequences from partial contexts and provide a basis for evaluating the effects of graph density, sequence length, and memory size on retrieval performance. SSAKG 2.0 is distributed under the Apache 2.0 open-source license. The package includes documentation and reproducible examples and is publicly available through GitHub and the Python Package Index (PyPI).

Przemysław Stokłosa, Janusz A. Starzyk, Paweł Raif

Institute of Management and Information Technology Bielsko-Biała, Poland · University of Information Technology and Management Rzeszów, Poland · Silesian University of Technology Gliwice, Poland

Knowledge GraphsDense Associative MemoryMessenger RnaText CorporaOpen-Source
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Aug 31, 2026cs.CL

From Tool Use to Technological Agency: LoopCAT as a Local-First, Open-Source Tool for Translation Technology Education

Translation students need to learn both how to use translation technologies and how to judge the choices those technologies make available. This article presents LoopCAT, an Apache-2.0-licensed, local-first computer-assisted translation environment co-created with OpenAI Codex using GPT-5.5 and GPT-5.6, and proposes a framework connecting workflow competence, evaluative judgement, and technological agency. The account draws on repository history, implementation inspection, and the verification records of an identified development build. LoopCAT combines local project storage, translation memories, terminology, quality assurance, document exchange, and optional connections to local or hosted AI services. Its English, Catalan, and Turkish interface catalogs also make the application itself available as teaching material: students can translate English UI strings into another language, review the existing automatically generated target drafts, import their revisions, and test the interface. We organize these opportunities around four forms of participation: operating a workflow, evaluating outputs, inspecting and configuring mechanisms, and making or defending a bounded intervention. A six-session sequence, a UI-localization assignment, a placeholder example, and an assessment rubric specify how teachers could use the framework. The paper separates implemented capabilities from proposed educational benefits; it reports no new student-learning outcomes. It distinguishes the latest package checks from earlier regression evidence and sets out a protocol for classroom evaluation. LoopCAT provides an inspectable setting for teaching how translation decisions interact with data, interfaces, and software rules. Whether these activities improve judgement, transfer, or participation remains an empirical question.

Gokhan Dogru, Adrià Martín Mor

Universitat Pompeu Fabra · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona

Machine TranslationClassroomsMultilingual AgentsOpen-SourceTechnologyAgentic Workflow Design
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Aug 30, 2026cs.AI

An Open-Source, Event-Driven Pipeline for Cryptocurrency Market Data: Ingestion, Forecasting, and On-Chain Fraud Detection

Cryptocurrency markets generate high-frequency, multi-source data that is expensive to work with unless a team already has commercial-grade streaming and warehousing infrastructure in place. This paper describes a fully open-source pipeline that reproduces the behavior of a cloud-native, event-driven system -- file arrival triggering a message, a message triggering compute -- entirely on commodity hardware, using Apache Kafka and a filesystem-watching poller in place of managed cloud triggers. The pipeline partitions historical Gemini exchange data into hourly and minutely files, ingests them asynchronously through two independently grouped Kafka consumers (one for audit logging, one for Spark-triggered ETL), and lands cleaned output in a PostgreSQL warehouse with historical and aggregated schemas plus asset-specific data marts. We use the resulting Bitcoin data mart to compare a seasonal ARIMA model against a single-layer LSTM network for price forecasting, and separately apply Random Forest and Gradient Boosting classifiers, with additional engineered features, to the public Ethereum fraud detection benchmark introduced by Farrugia et al. We report the architecture, the modeling methodology, and the resulting metrics, and we are explicit about the limitations of comparing forecasts issued at different horizons and of evaluating fraud detection on a static, already-labeled dataset.

Basil Sajid Shaikh, Melrick Mascarenhas, Nuzhat Faiz Shaikh

Seattle, WA, USA · San Diego, CA, USA · Pune, India

Decentralized FinanceFraud DetectionOpen-Source
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Aug 5, 2026cs.LG

CheMLFlow: An Open-Source Platform for Cheminformatics and Materials Informatics Applications

CheMLFlow is an open-source platform for building and executing end-to-end, high-throughput, and agentic workflows for scientific and technological applications. CheMLFlow targets a common bottleneck in scientific machine learning development, where researchers often need to assemble data acquisition, curation, representation, model training, validation, screening, interpretation, and reporting into a reproducible pipeline, even when their primary research contribution concerns only one stage. CheMLFlow provides modular workflow components, ready-to-run reference pipelines, standardized artifacts, and evaluation outputs that reduce orchestration overhead and support benchmarking across methods and datasets. The platform is designed to be extensible, reproducible, and automation friendly, with pluggable representations and models, deterministic splits, explicit run artifacts, batch execution, and report generation. As scientific software increasingly moves toward agent assisted experimentation, CheMLFlow's configuration driven workflows and structured outputs also provide a practical interface for coding agents to help users construct experiments, inspect results, and summarize findings under human supervision. This article describes the system architecture, core workflows, and benchmarks that reach literature performance for quantum mechanical, physicochemical and bioactivity property prediction, and use cases involving time series datasets demonstrating applications beyond molecular chemistry datasets.

Brendan Smith, Susana Lopez-Moreno, Eric Dolores-Cuenca +3

Kernfield Labs, London, United Kingdom. · Department of Mathematics, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea. · Humanoid Olfactory Display Center, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea. +4

Scientific WorkflowsAgentic WorkflowsData-Driven Materials DiscoveryOpen-SourceScientific DiscoveryReproducibility
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Aug 5, 2026cs.CL

EmpaAva: An Open-source Agentic 3D-Avatar Empathetic Live Chatbot

This paper presents EmpaAva, to our knowledge the first open-source, agentic 3D-avatar empathetic chatbot, which carries empathetic response generation (ERG) from text-only exchanges into live, face-to-face interaction. Through a video-call-like interface, a user speaks to a 3D digital human that reads their affect from speech and optional vision, and replies with emotional speech, lip-synced facial motion, and photorealistic 3D Gaussian rendering. At its core, an LLM coordinates a Tri-Agent Architecture, in which perception, empathetic response planning, and embodied rendering form a closed loop, paired with a Response Planning layer that compiles each reply into an executable multimodal plan, keeping voice, expression, and rendering on one empathetic intent. Building on strong open-source modules, EmpaAva supplies the intelligence that binds them into one controllable, inspectable experience. In automatic and human evaluations, EmpaAva surpasses text-only, 2D talking-face, and multimodal avatar baselines in emotion understanding, response quality, and audio-visual consistency. We open-source EmpaAva with an online live demo.

Jie Yang, Wenhao Xu, Shuhui Lin +1

National University of Singapore · Tsinghua University · University of Oxford

Emotional Support Conversation TaskEmpathyAvatarsOpen-Source
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Aug 3, 2026cs.ET

Agentic Self-Healing for Data and AI Pipelines: An Affordable Vendor-Agnostic Architecture using Open-Source Software

Modern organizations rely on data, machine learning, and software delivery pipelines to move data, train models, deploy applications, refresh dashboards, and support business-critical decisions. However, these pipelines often fail because of data quality issues, schema changes, upstream source changes, infrastructure problems, orchestration failures, and model workflow issues. Existing ZeroOps, observability, and AI operations platforms can help teams detect incidents, investigate root causes, and in some cases recommend or execute fixes. However, many of these solutions are expensive, vendor-specific, or difficult for smaller teams to adapt across different tools and environments. This paper first compares existing off-the-shelf solutions for AI-assisted pipeline monitoring, root-cause analysis, and automated remediation, including their strengths, limitations, and practical trade-offs. Based on this comparison, we find that the main gap is architectural rather than technological: the required ingredients for self-healing pipelines already exist, but they are fragmented across vendor-specific platforms, observability tools, incident systems, and open-source components. We therefore propose an affordable, vendor-agnostic reference architecture for agentic self-healing pipelines using open-source and low-cost tools. The proposed architecture combines monitoring, pipeline metadata, incident history, deterministic policy checks, AI-assisted diagnosis, approval workflows, and controlled remediation actions to help teams detect, diagnose, repair, verify, and learn from pipeline issues with less manual effort. The goal is to provide a practical reference architecture that can be adapted across data engineering, machine learning operations, and software delivery environments.

Solomon Eshun, Dennis Murage, Sharleen Muoki +4

ishango.ai Accra, Ghana · ishango.ai Nairobi, Kenya · ishango.ai Berlin, Germany +2

Self-RepairIncident ResponseOpen-SourceMetadata
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Jul 30, 2026cs.AR

Open-Source LLM-Driven Formal Verification: A Multi-Agent Pipeline for RTL Repair

Verification consumes the majority of modern chip design effort, yet the formal verification tools that provide mathematical guarantees of correctness remain expensive and restrictively licensed. While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise for hardware design, existing approaches to RTL repair validate their results through simulation - which exercises only a subset of inputs - or rely on commercial tools, and few combine formal proof with an entirely open-source toolchain. In this paper, we present a multi-agent pipeline that couples an LLM with an open-source formal backend (Yosys, SymbiYosys, and Z3) to repair RTL through counterexample-guided iteration: the framework generates formal properties, verifies the design, and feeds counterexamples back to the LLM until the design is proved correct by k-induction or an iteration budget is exhausted. Through an ALU case study, we show that the pipeline can detect and repair a real functional bug with a formal proof of correctness. Across a six-benchmark suite, one design is repaired reliably, and we characterize four distinct failure modes: bounded-cover vacuity, specification ambiguity, temporal-logic bugs, and multi-property pressure. We frame this work as a feasibility study with a detailed failure analysis, and additionally report a practical limitation of the Yosys bind directive relevant to the open-source formal verification community.

Ha Trung Tran

Independent Researcher · Seattle, WA, USA

Formal VerificationHigh-Level SynthesisRegister Transfer LevelChip DesignOpen-SourceSignal Temporal Logic
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Jul 29, 2026cs.CR

HoF-Bench: Rediscovering Real AI-Discovered CVEs Without Frontier Models

LLM-based analyzers have begun finding real vulnerabilities in mature open-source projects: AISLE's analyzer is credited with more than 280 CVEs across 78 projects, including OpenSSL, curl, and GnuTLS. We introduce HoF-Bench (named after AISLE's public Hall of Fame), a benchmark built from 95 of these public AI-discovered CVEs across eight repositories pinned at vulnerable commits. Analyzers receive source and target-file scope but not CVE identifiers, descriptions, fixes, or expected mechanisms; a detector-blinded frontier-model judge credits only findings that identify the same code path, root cause, attack condition, and impact. A deliberately minimal LLM-based analyzer rediscovers up to 65 of the 95 CVEs (68%) under this strict protocol. No frontier model performs detection anywhere in the study. The ten detector backbones are five open-weight models (21B--284B total parameters, 3--13B active) and five proprietary small or "flash"-tier models. All of them run in the fixed scaffold with four repeated passes, an optional generated-context stage, and a replayable multi-round triage stage (7,600 model--CVE pass records). Difficulty is strongly structured by language; the CVEs missed by every model concentrate in C infrastructure code. HoF-Bench provides a compact test bed for comparing vulnerability scanners, their reliability across repeated runs, and the candidate volume they create. The dataset is available at https://huggingface.co/datasets/aisleinc/HoF-Bench.

Petr Simecek, Elnaz Babayeva, Jiri Balhar +23

AISLE, San Francisco, CA, USA and Prague, Czech Republic · Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic

Common Vulnerabilities And ExposureOpen-SourceFrontier ModelsFrontiers
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Jul 29, 2026cs.SE

A First Look at Coding Agents' Compliance with AI Contribution Rules in Open-Source Communities

Open source communities have been flooded with AI-generated contributions. In defense, they have written contribution rules to regulate coding agents' behavior, spanning from a total ban, mandatory disclosure, to verification gates and human sign-offs. Yet, whether coding agents read and follow those rules, and behave in open source repositories, remains unknown. To estimate real-world rule compliance of coding agents, we curate 106 issues from 49 repositories containing AI contribution rules into RepoComplianceBench. We judge the trajectory of each run against the repository's rules, measuring whether the agent refuses to contribute, discloses its assistance truthfully, clears the required verification gates, or escalates critical steps to a human. We also test if extra prompts, rule disclosure, or feedback from the compliance verifier help with the situation. Our experiments on four frontier models show that today's agents almost never proactively retrieve the contribution rules. Agents pick up disclosure and verification with reminder prompts, rule quotes, and verifier feedback; however, they never refuse to contribute in AI-banned repositories under any condition we tested. The status reveals that verification and disclosure issues are solvable with existing mechanisms, yet enforcing bans and human escalations remains an open problem.

Wenhao Yang, Runzhi He, Minghui Zhou

Peking University, Beijing, China

Coding AgentsComplianceOpen-SourceArtificial Intelligence Systems
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Jul 24, 2026cs.AI

RadHarmony: Radiological Data Handling in the Era of Agentic AI

Training deep learning models on radiological images requires integrating heterogeneous datasets across different sources, file formats, directory layouts, label schemas, and annotation types. We present RadHarmony, an open-source Python library that provides a unified API for loading, harmonizing, and augmenting radiological datasets, with a primary focus on chest radiographs and early support for computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RadHarmony standardizes metadata from 24 public datasets into a single tabular format, wraps MONAI's map-style datasets for deep-learning-ready sample delivery with optional on-disk caching, and supports classification labels, segmentation masks, bounding boxes, and radiology report text through a single interface, with an interactive visualization tool for dataset exploration and verification. To lower the barrier for integrating new datasets, RadHarmony introduces an AI-agent skill that guides the full integration workflow from raw data inspection through code generation and testing. We demonstrate the library's utility by pretraining RadHarmony-ViT, a reference vision transformer baseline that combines three heterogeneous chest radiograph datasets with no dataset-specific code. The code and pretrained model weights are available at https://github.com/f10409/RadHarmony.

Frank Li, Bardia Khosravi, Mohammadreza Chavoshi +5

Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. · Department of Radiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.

Medical Imaging DatasetsRadiology Report GenerationDeep LearningOpen-SourceBodhi
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Jul 21, 2026cs.AI

AgentDebugX: An Open-Source Toolkit for Failure Observability, Attribution, and Recovery in LLM Agents

LLM agent failures are difficult to debug because the step where an error surfaces is often not the one that caused it. Existing observability tools replay execution traces but provide little support for identifying the root cause or translating diagnosis into recovery. We present AgentDebugX, an open-source debugging framework that organizes debugging as a closed loop of Detect, Attribute, Recover, and Rerun. At its core, DeepDebug performs multi-turn root-cause diagnosis through global trajectory understanding, structure-guided investigation, and cross-examination. On the Who and When benchmark, DeepDebug achieves the best strict attribution accuracy among the evaluated methods on both tested open-weight backbones, reaching 28.8 percent exact agent-and-step accuracy on qwen3.5-9b versus 21.7 percent for the strongest single-pass baseline. On GAIA, DeepDebug repairs 13 of 73 failed tasks in a single rerun, compared with 4 to 6 for three decoupled self-correction baselines, improving overall accuracy from 55.8 percent to 63.6 percent. AgentDebugX exposes this workflow through a Python library, CLI, web console, and installable agentic skill, and provides an opt-in Error Hub for sharing scrubbed failure-diagnosis-repair bundles and reusing them as debugging memory.

Kunlun Zhu, Xuyan Ye, Zhiguang Han +9

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign · University of Toronto · Google +1

Model DebuggingLarge Language Model AgentsPartial ObservabilityOpen-Source
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Jul 15, 2026cs.AI

When Bots Join the Team: Bot Adoption and the Institutional Fabric of Open-Source Software Projects

AI agents are joining human teams, raising a basic question: when an automated agent becomes a regular participant, does group organization strengthen or weaken? We study this question in open-source software, where bots open pull requests, review code, and merge changes alongside people, leaving a public record of every interaction. Treating bots as participants rather than tools, we examine 2,991 GitHub projects for two years before and after each adopted its first bot. We measure three capabilities that institutional theory links to durable coordination - repeated engagement, social memory, and role differentiation - and two outcomes: conflict cascades and output distinctiveness. Bot adoption is followed by more repeated collaboration, greater recognition of specific bots in discussion, fewer conflict cascades, and more distinctive outputs. These changes cluster around adoption rather than accumulating gradually. Because we lack an untreated comparison group, we interpret the results as precisely timed associations, not causal effects. Two patterns are difficult for alternative explanations to account for: capabilities predict outcomes according to their function - coordination versus differentiation - rather than whether humans or bots provide them, and human-side capabilities account for the bot-conflict association but not the bot-distinctiveness association. The findings are consistent with a specific interpretation: predictable, rule-based agents can become part of a community's social infrastructure. The bot is the occasion; social organization is the mechanism.

Yongren Shi, Wenyi Gong

University of Arizona

TeamworkAdoptionArtificial Intelligence AgentsOpen-Source
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Jul 14, 2026cs.CV

Boogu-Image-0.1: Boosting Open-Source Unified Multimodal Understanding and Generation

We introduce Boogu-Image-0.1, an open-source unified multimodal understanding and generation model family, comprising Base, Turbo, Edit, and Edit-Turbo variants. It delivers competitive performance in high-quality text-to-image generation, fast inference, instruction-based editing, and bilingual (Chinese-English) text rendering. Closed-source multimodal systems like Nano-Banana-Pro and GPT-Image-2 achieve strong performance through system-level integration rather than a single model, yet their internal practices remain largely undisclosed. In this work, we demonstrate that targeted improvements in model understanding, data quality, and training pipelines, coupled with agentic inference-time scaling, can substantially enhance generation and editing performance even under highly constrained compute budgets. Comprehensive evaluations show that Boogu-Image-0.1 consistently matches or surpasses other open-source models across standard benchmarks, and achieves results approaching leading closed-source systems. Notably, this is accomplished with only 208.62 million unique images. The base model's theoretical training cost is only approximately $400K. We share practical discussions that we believe are valuable to the broader research community, and release weights, code, and recipes under Apache 2.0 to advance the open ecosystem for unified multimodal understanding and generation. Our code is available here: https://github.com/Boogu-Project/Boogu-Image.

Guoxuan Chen, Chufeng Xiao, Haoran Yang +30

Boogu Team

Modern Text-To-Image ModelsText-To-ImageMultimodal GenerationLarge Multimodal ModelsMultimodal UnderstandingFast Inference+1
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Jul 13, 2026cs.SE

AgentCheck: A Reproduce-Intervene-Mitigate Workbench for LLM Agents over MCP

Tool-using LLM agents are mostly evaluated assuming all tools work. When a tool times out, returns a week-stale value, or has its description poisoned in deployment, the developer needs a controlled way to reproduce the failure, test a fix, and confirm the fix worked before deployment. We present AgentCheck, an open-source web workbench that turns an MCP server into an intervention surface. AgentCheck runs an agent against its real tools and records every tool response, then re-runs the agent with the response perturbed by a fault (12 types) injector. Matching tool calls are replayed from cache, and later tool calls go live after the agent diverges. This yields a reproduce-intervene-confirm loop: the developer toggles a mitigation, re-runs against the identical fault, and sees if the failure goes away. Scoring has two parts: deterministic pass/fail rules, plus an LLM judge for interpretive labels, validated against human annotations. Across five agents, the best passes 105/120 scenarios and the weakest only 77. The failures are usually silent, confident use of incorrect tool outputs rather than crashes. On the weakest agent, a retry mitigation raises success on timeout error faults from as few as 30% of cases to 100%, whereas stale-data faults remain near 3-4 of 10 regardless of the mitigation. AgentCheck makes these failure modes reproducible, comparable, and verifiable before deployment.

Aritra Mazumder, Nusrat jahan Lia

University of Utah · University of Dhaka

Large Language Model AgentsRetryingModel Context ProtocolOpen-SourceGradient Staleness
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Jul 12, 2026cs.CL

Anamnesis: An Open-Source Platform for Large-Scale Backstory-Conditioned Survey Simulation

We present Anamnesis, an interactive system for demographically controllable survey simulation using large language models. Open-source and designed for non-technical users/researchers, Anamnesis enables the prototyping and stress-testing of survey instruments on virtual populations rather than real human subjects. The platform operationalizes the recently introduced Anthology and Alterity frameworks, which use structured narrative backstories to condition model responses, within a unified web interface. It supports open-ended generation, probabilistic demographic resampling, and multimodal (image and audio) surveys. We evaluate the system through two case studies: (1) replicating segments of Pew Research Center's American Trends Panel (ATP) on political typology and biomedical issues and (2) emulating human preference in the New Yorker Caption Contest. In both cases, Anamnesis produces opinion distributions that more closely match real-world survey data than standard persona-prompting baselines, offering a transparent, reproducible, and open-source alternative to proprietary simulation services.

Song-Ze Yu, Joseph Suh, Serina Chang +1

University of California, Berkeley

SurveyPopulation DynamicsNarrativesOpen-Source
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Jul 7, 2026cs.SE

Industry Classification of GitHub Repositories Using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS)

GitHub hosts hundreds of millions of public repositories, but the platform exposes no native mapping from repositories to standardized industry sectors. This gap limits empirical work on the geography of innovation, the industrial composition of open-source production, and the diffusion of new technologies across economic sectors. We present NAICS-GH, a publicly released corpus of 6,588 GitHub repositories drawn from source pools covering the United States, the European Union, and Australia, each labeled with a 2-digit sector from the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS 2022). Labels are produced by a retrieve-and-verify pipeline that combines BAAI/bge-large-en embeddings, FAISS retrieval, and GPT-4.1 rubric scoring. The pipeline narrows about 1.37 million source repositories to 31,178 candidate repository-sector pairs and retains 6,588 high-confidence labels with score at least 8. Re-running the retrieval pipeline end to end reproduces the candidate set to within 0.03 percent. On a 2,421-repository human-validated random sample, the released labels attain 96.98 percent precision, with Wilson 95 percent confidence interval [96.23, 97.59]. We benchmark six pretrained encoders on the released corpus; RoBERTa-large reaches 86.45 percent F1 and 86.35 percent accuracy on a held-out 20 percent test set. The dataset, Croissant metadata, pipeline code, prompts, and fine-tuned checkpoint are released under CC-BY-4.0 and MIT licenses.

Kevin Xu, Alexander Quispe

GitHub

Open-Source
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Jul 7, 2026cs.CL

Measuring the practice of shared-decision making (OPTION12): An Investigation into Open-sourced Smaller LLMs (OS-sLLMs) for Better Privacy and Sustainability

We present LLM4SDM, the first study of open-source smaller language models (OS-sLLMs) for automated assessment of shared decision making (SDM) using the Observer OPTION12 framework. Unlike previous work that relies on large commercial models and the shorter OPTION5 instrument, our study focuses on privacy-preserving locally deployable models and Dutch melanoma consultation transcripts. Using expert-annotated clinical consultations, we evaluate three general-domain and two medical-domain OS-sLLMs during a development-phase pilot study. Results show that general-domain models outperform medical-domain models, which exhibit substantial hallucination and instruction-following failures. Gemma3:12b achieves the strongest agreement with human annotations (Pearson r=0.51, Spearman \r{ho}=0.59). Item-level and qualitative analyses reveal systematic challenges related to temporal discourse reasoning, conversational role attribution, and evidence grounding. We further introduce a Judge-LLM consensus framework designed to support disagreement resolution among multiple models. Our findings suggest that while current OS-sLLMs cannot replace human annotators, they offer a promising foundation for privacy-preserving human-in-the-loop SDM assessment.

Tamara Wit, Lifeng Han, Carly Heipon +3

BDS, Leiden University Medical Centre, NL · The Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, LU, NL

Large Language Model DecisionsSmall Large Language ModelsDecisionsOpen-SourcePrivacySustainability
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Jul 3, 2026cs.AI

SupplyNetPy: An Open-Source Python Library for High-Fidelity Modeling and Simulation of Arbitrary Supply Chain and Inventory Networks

This paper introduces SupplyNetPy, an open-source, well-documented Python library for modeling and discrete-event simulation of supply chain networks with arbitrary multi-echelon structures. It supports multiple replenishment policies, perishable inventory, node disruptions, and stochastic demand and lead times. All components are extensible via inheritance. Users describe a supply chain as a graph with node and link attributes, while the library handles simulation, providing logs and extensive node and network level performance reports. This paper presents the motivation, design, key features, and architecture of SupplyNetPy, along with detailed validation results (against analytical benchmarks, a commercial tool, and a published case study). A key motivation behind SupplyNetPy's development is programmatic generation and simulation of complex models, enabling design-space exploration, what-if analysis, training data generation, and supply chain digital twins.

Tushar Lone, Neha Karanjkar

School of Mathematics and Computer Science, Indian Institute of Technology Goa, Ponda, Goa, INDIA

Supply Chain OptimizationInventory ControlNvidia Isaac SimOpen-SourceHigh-Fidelity
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Jul 2, 2026cs.SE

LLMoxie: Exploring Agentic AI for Scientific Software Development

In this paper, we describe LLMoxie, an institutional AI platform whose three-tiered architecture supports multi-cloud and on-premise inference, a LiteLLM/MLflow control plane for authentication, budgeting, PII masking, and observability, and an application augmentation layer for AI coding agents. Layered on top, an open-source RSE-Plugins ecosystem encodes accumulated RSE knowledge as a Plugin-Agent-Skill hierarchy spanning scientific Python practice, domain-specific knowledge, a six-phase research-and-implement workflow, and project lifecycle management. Scientific software is judged less by raw code quality than by whether it can be cited, audited, reproduced, and extended. Off-the-shelf AI coding agents, optimized against commercial software benchmarks, are poorly calibrated for this setting: they ignore the conventions of the scientific Python libraries they invoke, mishandle sensitive or embargoed data, and leave decision trails that are difficult to reconstruct after the fact. We report on twenty months of practice at a university-based research software engineering (RSE) center, where RSEs embedded across astronomy, earth and climate science, agriculture, and health projects worked to close this gap. We characterize the recurring infrastructure, governance, and process challenges of adopting Agentic AI inside a multi-domain RSE center, describe the platform and plugin design, and distill operational lessons from real scientific software deployments. Together, the platform and plugins shift AI coding agents from generic code generators into domain-aware collaborators that respect community norms and produce auditable provenance of technical reasoning.

Landung Setiawan, Anant Mittal, Cordero Core +5

eScience Institute University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA · eScience Institute Dept of Chemical Engineering University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA · eScience Institute Dept of Astronomy University of Washington Seattle, Washington, USA

Coding AgentsOpen-SourceCollaboration
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Jul 2, 2026cs.MA

Adoption and Ecosystem Health: A Longitudinal Analysis of Open-Source Multi-Agent Frameworks

Since ChatGPT's launch in November 2022, open-source agentic frameworks have proliferated, making framework selection important for engineering teams while obscured by popularity signals such as GitHub stars. This paper analyzes 15 major open-source AI agent framework repositories from late 2022 to early 2026, using 808,042 stars, 73,997 pull requests, 86,241 commits, and 987,330 user profiles to assess ecosystem health across awareness, adoption, and retention. Three findings emerge. First, headline popularity is unreliable. Star counts reflect hype cycles and inorganic activity. AutoGPT gained 111,967 stars in one month but converted fewer than 9 contributors per 1,000 stars, defined as contributor density in this research, compared with LangChain's 41. Lower-profile frameworks such as Pydantic-AI show higher contributor density, indicating deeper adoption. Second, mapping awareness against adoption shows that visibility and engagement diverge. MetaGPT and LangFlow have contributor density ratios below 5 even with their high visibility. Openai-agents-python's limited contributor base suggests institutional backing alone does not ensure community depth. By analyzing cross-framework contribution, we discover that LangChain functions as a shared infrastructure, attracting 82.5% of cross-ecosystem contributors. Third, retention drops most steeply in the first 30 days of initial contribution and stabilizes near 90 days. Overall, ecosystem health is better measured by contributor density, cross-ecosystem engagement, and retention than by stars alone. These metrics offer teams a more robust basis for framework evaluation.

Xi Zhang, Papi Menon, Vivian Chu +1

Cisco Systems · Indiana University

AdoptionOpen-SourceAi-Based FrameworkEcosystemsLongitudinal Data
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Jul 2, 2026cs.CV

CLABTOOLKIT: An Open-Source Toolkit for Routine Processing, Manipulation, and Visualization of Neuroimaging Data

Neuroimaging research requires manipulating heterogeneous data structures, including raw MRI volumes, volumetric parcellations, cortical surface meshes, tractograms, and connectivity matrices, across tools with incompatible interfaces and file formats, forcing researchers to repeatedly re-implement routine but technically demanding operations. We present CLABTOOLKIT, an open-source Python package that consolidates these operations into a single, coherent framework by representing volumetric, surface, and streamline data as interoperable Python objects. Five core data structures (Parcellation, Surface, AnnotParcellation, Tractogram, and Connectome) encapsulate common neuroanatomical entities and provide consistent methods for loading, processing, and exporting data across standard neuroimaging formats (e.g., NIfTI, GIFTI, FreeSurfer annotations, TCK/TRK), including connectome generation from a parcellation and scalar-map projection onto tractogram streamlines. Complementary modules support BIDS dataset management, FreeSurfer integration, diffusion MRI processing, morphometric analysis, graph-theoretical network analysis, and GPU-accelerated multi-panel visualization via PyVista. The toolkit comprises 19 modules organised into six layers, exposing 13 object-oriented classes with 234 methods and 207 standalone functions, and a JSON-based configuration system enables workflow customization without code changes. Unlike existing neuroimaging libraries, which typically address these tasks separately, CLABTOOLKIT combines color and lookup-table management, parcellation manipulation, multi-surface visualization, and tractography utilities within a single framework. CLABTOOLKIT is compatible with Python 3.9-3.12 and released under the Apache 2.0 license. Source code, documentation, and example workflows are available at https://github.com/connectomicslab/clabtoolkit.

Yasser Alemán-Gómez, Nino Hervé, Patric Hagmann

Connectomics Lab, Department of Radiology, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland · University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland

Multimodal NeuroimagingVisualizationOpen-SourceTracciaPartitioning
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Jul 2, 2026cs.SE

Decoupling Code Complexity from Newcomer Participation: A Causal Study of AI Coding Agent Adoption in OSS

Open-source projects depend on a steady inflow of newcomers. A growing concern is that AI coding agents (tools such as Cursor and Claude Code that write code from natural-language instructions) will crowd them out, by absorbing the simple tasks that beginners start with and by making code harder to read. We give this concern a causal answer. Using GitHub code search we identify 1,888 projects that adopted an agent, signaled by their first commit of a configuration file. We apply difference-in-differences against matched non-adopting controls, restricting the main analysis to the 603 adopters with a genuine pre-adoption period. We find no evidence of crowding-out: across estimators newcomer inflow shows no significant decline after adoption (point estimates run from a small increase to, under the most conservative trend specification, a slight and insignificant dip), onboarding and retention are unchanged, and a sparse, correlational beginner-task measure (good-first-issue labels, which we cannot test for parallel trends) shows no decline. The feared mechanism is real but decoupled: adoption raises per-function code complexity (about +11% on a cognitive metric for Python, a quarter of the prior estimate, and +3 to 4% in cyclomatic terms across all languages), yet in fixed-unit subsets where complexity rose (Python on the cognitive metric, and all languages on the cyclomatic metric), newcomer participation does not decline. These results suggest that, in established open-source projects, adopting an AI coding agent makes code modestly more complex but does not crowd out the human newcomers that a project depends on: the feared trade-off between AI assistance and human participation does not materialize.

Weiwei Xu, Xuanning Cui, Hengzhi Ye +1

School of Computer Science, Peking University, Beijing, China · Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies, Ministry of Education, China

Coding AgentsOpen-SourceCommitsParticipationDecoupling
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Jun 25, 2026cs.LG

Unified Zero-Shot Time Series Forecasting: A Darts Foundation

Since its initial release in 2020, Darts has become a widely used open-source Python library for time series analysis. A series of foundation models have recently claimed accuracy improvements in zero-shot forecasting, promising a paradigm shift from training custom models to harnessing pre-trained general-purpose forecasters. Foundation models, however, are often released as isolated packages with fragmented interfaces and limited interoperability with common tooling, making joint evaluation and integration within complete pipelines difficult. In Darts, we developed a unified FoundationModel\texttt{FoundationModel} class collection (Chronos-2, TimesFM 2.5, TiRex, PatchTST-FM) that provides standardized, full-cycle forecasting interfaces with minimal external dependencies for integrating foundation models into the ecosystem. Existing Darts pipelines can now use foundation models with only a name change; new pipelines can use them for zero-shot or fine-tuned forecasting, uncertainty estimation, and backtesting, combined with data processing and evaluation tooling, all within a unified framework.

Zhihao Dai, Dennis Bader, Alain Gysi

Energy and Power Group, Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, UK · Unit8 SA, Switzerland

Zero-Shot ForecastingData-Driven ForecastingFoundation ModelZero-ShotOpen-Source
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Jun 25, 2026cs.MA

Glite ARF: Verifier-Driven Research with Parallel LLM Coding Agents

LLM coding agents make it tempting to automate empirical research by delegating experiments to them directly, but naive delegation does not scale to large projects: low-rate instruction lapses compound into broken, irreproducible artefacts. To address this problem, we present Glite ARF, an open-source Python framework for running many LLM coding agents in parallel on a research repository without sacrificing reproducibility or auditability. The framework defines a three-role stack: a human researcher chooses which hypotheses to test, coding agents (Claude Code, Codex CLI) implement individual tasks under a fixed structure, and deterministic Python verifier scripts enforce task isolation, immutability of completed work, a corrections overlay, and a materialised project overview. We call this verifier-driven research: the rules of the research process live in code that fails loudly when violated, not in prose that agents are merely asked to follow. Using Glite ARF, we developed our submission to the BEA 2026 vocabulary-difficulty shared task, placing first in the closed track and second in the open track on all three target languages (Spanish, German, Mandarin) and reducing the official baseline RMSE by 29.9% (closed) and 35.9% (open). The campaign comprised 273 tracked tasks (146 experiment runs) across 129 feature sets, run by up to twelve parallel agents orchestrated from a single laptop - with some model training on rented A100s - at approximately $450 in LLM API spend ($498 total third-party cost), and structured per-fold provenance let us catch and strip four target-leaking feature sets, correcting an implausible 0.609 RMSE to 0.802. Across three campaigns in three domains, the framework's structural machinery adds only about 1% of wall-clock time. Framework and a public demo project accompany this paper.

Vassili Philippov, Pavel Katunin, Dmitry Andreev +2

1Glite · School of Biosciences, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK

Open-Source
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Jun 23, 2026cs.SE

Detecting AI Coding Agents in Open Source: A Validated Multi-Method Census of 180 Million Repositories

Generative AI coding agents are entering the open-source supply chain, yet their diverse and often invisible traces leave their prevalence poorly understood. We introduce a multi-layered detection framework that integrates configuration-file scanning, commit-message analysis, author-identity matching, and bot-signature lookup across World of Code (180M+ Git repositories), classifying agent traces into four behavioral types. No single method captures more than a fraction of activity: multi-method detection identifies 850,157 Claude Code commits in one snapshot, of which bot-account lookup_the signal most adoption studies rely on_recovers only 28,154 (3.3%), a 30x relative-recall gap, so single-signal prevalence estimates are biased low by at least this factor. Every detection pattern is hand-validated (495 labels) with per-cell precision and Wilson confidence intervals. Across snapshots from December 2024 to April 2026, commit-attributed agents generate over 320,000 commits per month; Claude Code leads (886,122 commits across 17,295 projects) and dominates silent, configuration-file-only adoption (21,078 projects). Compared against an independent pull-request census (AIDev), the two channels capture nearly disjoint agent populations_a PR census misses 79% of commit-detected Claude Code adopters and essentially all Codex adopters_and different kinds of work: PR-deployed cloud agents (Codex, Cursor) surface as feature work, while commit-deployed in-editor agents (Claude Code, OpenHands, Aider) surface as maintenance. The observed work profile follows deployment and detection mode rather than the tool itself, so no single channel is representative.

Arsham Khosravani, Audris Mockus

Coding AgentsArtificial Intelligence DetectionCommitsOpen-SourceAuthorshipGenerative Artificial Intelligence+2
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Jun 22, 2026cs.AI

AOHP: An Open-Source OS-Level Agent Harness for Personalized, Efficient and Secure Interaction

AI agents are driving a new software paradigm, with the ability to autonomously call tools, extract information, manage memory, and complete tasks that span applications and data sources. Most existing end-user operating systems, however, are designed for application-centric workflows and offer little native support for AI agents. This mismatch limits the wider adoption of agents and leads to execution overhead and safety risks when running agents on conventional systems. While the concept of agent-native operating systems is emerging, the research community lacks an open testbed to explore the architectural primitives desired for agent-mediated interaction. We present AOHP (Android Open Harness Project), an OS-level agent harness built on the Android Open Source Project (AOSP). The core design principle of AOHP is to treat agents as first-class OS actors, enabling adaptive user interfaces and agent-friendly runtime environments. AOHP preserves the mature Android software and hardware ecosystem while introducing three agent-oriented system mechanisms: personalized service composition, efficient agent interfaces, and secure information flow. Based on preliminary experiments on challenging tasks covering key capabilities of OS agents, AOHP shows clear advantages in task completion (+21.12% completion rate), execution cost (-51.55% token cost), and security-policy compliance.

Shanhui Zhao, Jiacheng Liu, Guohong Liu +13

Tsinghua University · Peking University · The University of Hong Kong

Artificial Intelligence AgentsAgent HarnessOpen-SourceSmooth ExecutionPersonalization
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Jun 22, 2026cs.RO

A Vendor-Agnostic LiDAR Data Conversion System with Multi-Signal Detection and Multi-Format Output

LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) sensors capture the surrounding environment as dense 3D point clouds by measuring the time-of-flight of emitted laser pulses, making them foundational across autonomous vehicles, robotics, and large-scale mapping. PCAP (Packet Capture) files from these sensors are the starting point of most 3D perception pipelines, yet internal packet structures, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) port conventions and encoding schemes differ enough across manufacturers that no single tool reads them all. Ouster, Velodyne, Hesai, and Livox each require their own SDK (Software Development Kit), their own environment setup, and their own conversion workflow. Supporting all four means maintaining four disconnected pipelines with no shared infrastructure. The pipeline described here takes a raw PCAP as input and handles vendor identification automatically, scoring six independent file characteristics through a weighted multi-signal approach to determine the source sensor. C++ SDKs handle Ouster and Velodyne, while Hesai and Livox rely on Python-based dpkt parsing where no open source SDK exists. From there, a single command writes output to any of five industry-standard formats. We tested on real outdoor captures. Ouster peaks at 2.08M points per second, Velodyne at 1.47M, both running through native C++ packet decoding. Hesai and Livox land at 110K and 150K respectively, where Python-layer parsing introduces overhead that compounds under sustained load. The 8-10x gap held consistently across runs. Tested on a consumer-grade i3 with 8GB RAM, no vendor configuration required

Param Patel, Jay Dave, Pratyush Chakraborty

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India · Department of Computer Science and Information Systems, BITS Pilani, Hyderabad Campus, Telangana, India

Two-Dimensional Light Detection And Ranging3D PerceptionCapture ProtocolOpen-Source
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Jun 21, 2026cs.SD

Kiwano: A Cutting-Edge Open-Source Toolkit for Speaker Verification

In this paper, we present Kiwano, an open-source toolkit designed to advance research and evaluation for speaker verification. Kiwano provides a lightweight yet extensible framework built on PyTorch, offering standardized recipes, pretrained models, and integration of several widely used speaker verification architectures. The toolkit emphasizes reproducibility, by delivering transparent training pipelines, unified evaluation protocols and ready-to-use baselines across multiple corpora. Beyond conventional training and inference, Kiwano includes tools for benchmarking, experiment tracking and rapid prototyping of new architectures. To foster community adoption, the toolkit is distributed under the Apache 2.0 license, accompanied by comprehensive documentation and reproducible experiments. By lowering entry barriers and standardizing evaluation practices, Kiwano contributes a valuable resource for both academic research and applied development in speaker verification. The toolkit is publicly available at: https://github.com/kiwano-toolkit/kiwano/

Mickael Rouvier, Pierre Michel Bousquet

1Avignon University, LIA, UPR 4128, France

Automatic Speaker VerificationSpeakerOpen-SourcePytorch
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Jun 19, 2026cs.SE

ATLAS: Agentic Taxonomy of Large-Scale Software Ecosystems

The open-source ecosystem on GitHub lacks a systematic hierarchical taxonomy of software repositories. GitHub Topics, the dominant organizational mechanism, is flat, inconsistent, and covers only 67% of projects. We present ATLAS, the first framework that automatically constructs a hierarchical taxonomy for software repositories and classifies projects into it end-to-end. By combining LLM global knowledge with real repository distributions, ATLAS proposes meaningful splitting dimensions and iteratively corrects those that fail to accommodate real projects. A Designer Agent proposes splitting dimensions while a Classifier Agent assigns repositories; a self-corrective refinement loop uses classification failures to drive dimension revision through escalating strategies. We evaluate ATLAS on 54,387 GitHub repositories against six baselines spanning four paradigms, two downstream tasks, and three model families. On a stratified 2,001-repository benchmark, ATLAS achieves a Taxonomy Quality F-score (TQF) of 83.13%, outperforming the best baseline by 15 percentage points (on the full 54k corpus the approximate TQF is 73.0%, a gap driven by Path Granularity's all-or-nothing scoring on longer paths rather than lower classification accuracy). It is the only method to simultaneously achieve high structural quality and high practical applicability. On downstream tasks, ATLAS enables alternative discovery with P@1 = 85.71%, surpassing even human-curated lists (62.34%), and achieves the highest P@1 for repository retrieval. The taxonomy further reveals structural ecosystem trends that are difficult to obtain from flat tags or similarity methods: the shift from libraries to AI/ML applications (now 61% of newly community-adopted projects) becomes visible only through hierarchical, type-based categorization. An interactive taxonomy explorer is available at https://atlas-taxonomy.netlify.app/

Junyi Lu, Mengyao Lyu, Jiahui Wu +6

Institute of Software, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China · Nanyang Technological University, Singapore +2

TaxonomyOpen-SourceAtlasSoftware
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Jun 15, 2026cs.CR

ARVO: Atlas of Reproducible Vulnerabilities for Open-Source Software

Achieving reproducibility, quantity, and diversity in vulnerability datasets has long been viewed as an inherent three-way trade-off, where improving one dimension often comes at the cost of the others. In practice, reproducibility has been the dimension most often neglected. This has limited what can be automatically extracted from historical bug datasets, and has reduced their utility for downstream security research. In this work, we propose a method to produce a new security dataset which ensures reproducibility for diverse vulnerabilities at scale by identifying the key obstacles to large-scale bug reproduction and addressing them with general solutions. Using this method, we introduce full reproducibility to the largest open source software vulnerability dataset (OSS-Fuzz) and construct the ARVO dataset (an Atlas of Reproducible Vulnerabilities in Open-source software). ARVO is a large-scale dataset consisting of over 6,100 real-world vulnerabilities across 311 projects. Focusing on reproducibility, ARVO differs from existing datasets by providing each vulnerability in a form that can be consistently rebuilt, triggered, and analyzed across versions. Reproducibility also enables automatic identification of the corresponding patch for each vulnerability and supports direct interaction with vulnerabilities after code changes, capabilities that existing large-scale datasets do not provide. In our evaluation, ARVO successfully reproduces 81% of vulnerabilities and achieves 89.4% accuracy on the located patches. We also discuss ARVO's influence on both upstream practices and downstream security research.

Xiang Mei, Jordi Del Castillo, Pulkit Singh Singaria +8

Arizona State University · New York University · University of New South Wales +1

Open-SourceAtlas
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Jun 15, 2026q-bio.QM

MultiMolecule: a modular ecosystem for biomolecular sequence-model workflows

Biomolecular sequence models are increasingly reused outside the studies in which they were introduced, but public checkpoints rarely preserve the execution context needed to inspect source-defined behavior, adapt models to new assays, compare models under shared task definitions or deploy biological predictions. MultiMolecule is an open-source Python ecosystem that turns heterogeneous RNA, DNA and protein sequence-model releases into complete, source-checked model-family implementations with shared loading, workflow and prediction interfaces. The Resource state reported here includes 53 complete model-family implementations with 112 standardized model checkpoints, together with 16 curated dataset resources released through 39 public dataset repositories and 10 user-facing prediction pipelines. Standardized components are linked to source provenance, conversion or preparation code, source-reference checks, Extended Data summaries and public documentation, allowing users to inspect what was standardized, what behavior was checked and how each component enters training, evaluation, inference or deployment. By shifting reuse from repository-specific checkpoints to executable implementations connected to standardized checkpoints, curated datasets, Runner workflows and biological prediction pipelines, MultiMolecule provides common infrastructure for preserving source-defined model behavior, adapting models to new assays, enabling controlled evaluation and deploying biomolecular predictions.

Zhiyuan Chen

1*DanLing Team.

BioinformaticsIntermediate CheckpointsModular FrameworkAgentic Workflow DesignOpen-Source
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Jun 13, 2026cs.HC

Cloze: An Open Research Platform for Studying Human-AI Conversations in Mental Health Contexts

Cloze is an open-source web platform for conducting controlled, monitored studies of human-AI conversation in mental health research contexts. Consumer large language model (LLM) products such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Gemini are built for individual productivity, and offer researchers little experimental control, inconsistent data export, and no shared safety scaffolding that holds across providers. Cloze gives research teams a single environment in which they configure which models participants converse with, how the AI is instructed, how conversations are scheduled over time, and which safety constraints apply unconditionally, while every message is captured with full provenance (model version, prompt configuration, timing). The platform currently supports OpenAI, Anthropic, Google, and locally hosted open-weight models served through Ollama behind a unified interface, and runs in the cloud or fully on premises so that participant data need never leave an institution. Cloze is research infrastructure for building an evidence base on human-AI interaction in mental health contexts. It is not a therapeutic product.

Matthew Flathers, Francesco Cipriani, John Torous

Division of Digital Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA · Division of Language Sciences and Linguistics, University College London, London

Mental HealthOpen-Source
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Jun 12, 2026cs.SE

Regulating the Machine Contributor: Governance and Policy Alignment in Open Source

AI-assisted software development has moved from line-level autocomplete to agents that can plan changes, edit files, and submit pull requests with limited human supervision. Open-source software, however, evolves through a process designed for humans: contributor agreements, codes of conduct, and review norms all assume a legally accountable person who can attest to provenance and answer reviewer questions. Autonomous and semi-autonomous AI contributors strain those assumptions, and the 2025-2026 record of agent-driven incidents, AI-generated nuisance volume, and platform-level shutdowns shows that the gap is operationally consequential. Several open-source organisations have responded with contribution policies, but the result is fragmented, and its alignment with emerging AI governance frameworks (EU AI Act, NIST AI RMF with the UC Berkeley Agentic AI Profile, ISO/IEC 42001 and 23894) is unmapped at the contribution level. We compare policies across six organisations (SymPy, LLVM, matplotlib, OpenInfra, the Apache Software Foundation, and the Linux Foundation) using Most-Similar Systems Design with indicator-based coding and process tracing for SymPy and LLVM. From this we derive a six-dimensional taxonomy (disclosure, responsibility, human oversight, licensing, enforcement, maintainer workload), an ordinal Policy Maturity Score, and a mapping of documented agent incidents onto the dimensions each policy fails to govern. Aligning the dimensions with the regulatory frameworks above identifies overlapping gaps neither side currently closes, and we close by sketching the shape of a harmonised tiered framework and the empirical evaluation needed to calibrate it.

Jassem Manita, Aziz Amari

Faculty of Sciences of Tunis (FST), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia · National Institute of Applied Science and Technology (INSAT), University of Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia

Artificial Intelligence GovernanceArtificial Intelligence RiskOpen-SourceGovernanceAi-NativeArtificial Intelligence Systems
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Jun 12, 2026cs.SE

tap: A File-Based Protocol for Heterogeneous LLM Agent Collaboration

Existing multi-agent software development systems have proposed many forms of agent collaboration, including role-based collaboration and automated code review. However, many systems assume a common runtime, a central conversation server, or the same API family. Under these assumptions, LLM agents from different vendors cannot easily exchange messages directly from their own execution environments while dividing development and review work on a shared codebase. This paper presents tap, a file-based collaboration protocol that allows Claude (Anthropic) and Codex (OpenAI) to collaborate on one codebase without shared memory or an identical runtime. The core of tap is a file-first design that preserves markdown files with metadata as original messages, combines a file inspection path (file communication, Tier 1) with real-time notification paths for Claude and Codex (real-time communication, Tier 2), and isolates work through separate git worktrees. Even if real-time notification fails or a receiver restarts, the message file remains available and the same content can be inspected again. In a 27-day, 37-generation self-applied operation where tap was used to develop and review itself, we collected 209 tap-related pull requests and 717 operational artifacts. An analysis of 375 review artifacts showed that the share of reviews recording at least one defect or requested change was 69.8% for heterogeneous model pairs and 53.1% for homogeneous model pairs. These results show that tap, which combines file-based message preservation with real-time notification, operates in a real production repository, and that combining heterogeneous models and execution environments can broaden review perspectives. tap is distributed as the open-source npm package @hua-labs/tap (v0.5.2).

Minseo Kim

HUA Labs, Seoul, Republic of Korea

CollaborationMulti-Agent CommunicationOpen-SourceReview
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Jun 10, 2026cs.RO

AerialClaw: An Open-Source Framework for LLM-Driven Autonomous Aerial Agents

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are increasingly used in inspection, search and rescue, environmental monitoring, and emergency response. However, most UAV applications still rely on pre-defined command sequences or task-specific pipelines, where developers manually connect perception, planning, flight control, simulation, logging, and safety modules. This limits the flexibility, reproducibility, and extensibility of autonomous aerial systems. This paper presents AerialClaw, an open-source software framework that enables UAVs to operate as decision-making aerial agents rather than merely command-following platforms. Given a natural-language mission, AerialClaw allows an LLM-based agent to understand the task, maintain context, invoke executable aerial skills, observe perception and runtime feedback, and iteratively update its decisions in a closed loop. The framework adopts a modular brain-skill-runtime architecture, combining hard skills for atomic UAV operations, Markdown-based soft skills for reusable task strategies, document-driven agent state and capability boundaries, memory-driven reflection, safety-oriented runtime validation, and platform-agnostic execution adapters. AerialClaw supports lightweight mock execution, PX4 SITL with Gazebo, and AirSim-based simulation, together with a web console, pluggable model backends, example missions, simulation assets, and staged deployment scripts. By combining standardized aerial skills, document-driven agent state, memory, and closed-loop LLM decision-making, AerialClaw provides a reproducible and extensible open-source framework for building UAV systems that can interpret missions, make decisions, execute skills, and adapt their behavior from feedback.

Ke Li, Jianfei Yang, Luyao Zhang +8

Xidian University Xi’an, China · Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology Xi’an, China

Unmanned Aerial VehiclesOpen-SourceLarge Language Model Decisions
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Jun 10, 2026cs.SE

Agents All the Way Down; A Methodology for Building Custom AI Agents from Substrate to Production

Custom AI agents areagents that live inside their own application, talk to their own data and tools, enforce their own security boundaries, and carry their own brand and audit trail. What separates them from the general-purpose tier is fit, not capability: each is built for one job, by the engineer who will maintain it. No published practice sets out how to build one end to end. The pieces are everywhere (function-calling APIs, the Model Context Protocol, code agents to pair with), but the practice that chains them lives in podcasts, blogs, and leaked system prompts. This paper writes that practice down as a methodology, Agents All the Way Down: two preconditions crossed once and kept, then three practices repeated for the agent's life. The preconditions are (P1) Substrate, the LLM as a software component, framed as tools, then system, then messages under prompt-caching; and (P2) Building blocks: function calling, MCP, CLI orchestration, the liteshell pattern, the agent loop, skills, characters, hooks, and scaffolding. The practices are (P3) prototype with a general-purpose agent; (P4) harvest, fold, and ship the result as a CLI, the Turtle pattern; and (P5) agent-tests-agent, in which a general-purpose agent drives it through behavioural scenarios, a complement to classical testing, not a replacement. The working loop is P3 to P4 to P5 and back, and one corollary falls out for free: multi-agent orchestration is just CLI composition. The methodology is framework-free by construction. It was distilled from the AAC, a custom agent for the open-source LAMB platform, built in about ten days by one developer with an AI pair-programmer and in production . We present it as a transferable practice, independent of any language or framework.

Marc Alier Forment, Juanan Pereira, Francisco José García-Peñalvo +1

Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), Barcelona, Spain · Universidad del País Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain · Universidad de Salamanca (USAL), Salamanca, Spain

Artificial Intelligence AgentsMethodologyOpen-Source
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Jun 10, 2026cs.LG

Bergson: An Open Source Library for Data Attribution

Data attribution is a promising field in interpretability that aims to explain model behavior through the influence of its training data, with applications including debugging undesirable model behavior and training dataset curation. However, significant engineering effort is required to perform it at scale, and many cutting edge techniques lack open-source tooling and support. Bergson is an open source library that aims to enable faster progress in the field by providing a host of techniques that scale to very large language models and pre-training datasets. The library natively supports on-disk gradient stores and multi-node distributed training, and provides quality of life tools for researchers. Finally, we introduce the first open-source implementations of three leading data attribution methods: MAGIC, SOURCE, and TrackStar. The library is available at https://github.com/EleutherAI/bergson .

Lucia Quirke, Louis Jaburi, David Johnston +6

EleutherAI · Independent

InterpretabilityOpen-SourceGradient Component
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Jun 7, 2026cs.CV

PairWise Image Finder: An Open-source Tool for Finding Visually Aligned Street-Level Image Pairs for Urban Perception Studies

Change detection and scene recognition techniques have been widely applied to Street View Imagery (SVI) to understand changes in scenes across the years. However, metadata alone is often insufficient to reliably find visually aligned image pairs. This study introduces the PairWise image finder, a tool that integrates feature detection and matching, supported by semantic segmentation masks to quantify the visual alignment of two images of varying time periods. The tool outputs the share of matched key features, the matched feature distance and coverage, and the alignment of semantic masks, which enables the user to filter image pairs depending on the alignment quality and use case. The visually aligned pairs derived from the tool can be used to accurately study explicit longitudinal change and help reduce manual effort for perception studies. The usability of the tool is demonstrated through a comparison of longitudinal changes, highlighting the importance of perspective when quantifying changes. The proposed method provides a scalable and open tool for researchers and stakeholders to find high-quality image pairs for urban analysis, perception and related applications.

Jussi Torkko

Digital Geography Lab, Department of Geosciences and Geography, University of Helsinki, PO Box 64 (Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2), 00014, Helsinki, Finland

Change DetectionQuery ImageUrban EnvironmentsSemantic SegmentationOpen-Source
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Jun 2, 2026cs.CV

StandardE2E: A Unified Framework for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Datasets

Autonomous driving has shifted from modular perception-prediction-planning stacks toward end-to-end (E2E) models that map sensor inputs directly to vehicle control, often regularized by auxiliary tasks such as 3D detection, motion forecasting, and HD-map perception. Progress is driven by a fast-growing ecosystem of sensor-rich driving datasets, yet each ships its own file formats, APIs, coordinate conventions, and modality coverage, leaving cross-dataset experimentation and even basic per-dataset preprocessing to be re-implemented per project. We present StandardE2E, a framework that provides a single unified interface over E2E driving datasets. StandardE2E (i) standardizes per-dataset preprocessing under one shared data schema; (ii) combines multiple datasets in a single PyTorch DataLoader for cross-dataset pretraining, auxiliary-task supervision, and scenario-level filtering; and (iii) reduces adding a new dataset to a single per-dataset mapping from raw frames to the canonical schema, leaving the entire downstream pipeline unchanged. The framework supports six datasets out of the box: Waymo End-to-End, Waymo Perception, Argoverse 2 Sensor, Argoverse 2 LiDAR, NAVSIM (OpenScene-v1.1), and WayveScenes101, and is released as the open-source standard-e2e Python package, available at https://github.com/stepankonev/StandardE2E.

Stepan Konev

Naturalistic Driving DataWaymo Open Motion DatasetAutonomous DrivingUnified FrameworkOpen-Source
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May 30, 2026cs.HC

A Four-Tier Communication Architecture and Sim-to-Real Validation of a Graphical Open-Source Platform for Robotic Engineering Education

The persistent challenge in scaling authentic manipulator education within university laboratories is a structural dichotomy: commercial digital twins are often cost-prohibitive and rigidly scripted, whereas open-source robotics middleware (ROS) imposes steep technical and syntax barriers for novices. To resolve this logistical and educational friction, this paper proposes a scalable four-tier communication architecture tailored for sustainable robotic curricula. Rather than focusing on software application design, our study examines the underlying data exchange mechanisms required to bridge visual conceptual environments with physical robotic endpoints, utilizing the Graphical Open-Source Platform (GOSP) as a reference implementation. Our work details the framework's technical integration of 3D visual armature modeling with a robust ROS middleware backend, emphasizing the serialization, routing, and encapsulation of intricate communication routines. Preliminary sim-to-real validation using multi-axis spatial trajectories confirms that encapsulating these communication pipelines provides sufficient fidelity and a hardware-agnostic pathway. By bridging virtual design and physical execution, our architectural blueprint offers a viable infrastructure for engineering education.

Thien Tran, Khang Duong, Minh Tran +3

Deakin University, Australia · RMIT University, Vietnam · Swinburne University of Technology, Australia

Robot Operating SystemSim-To-Real GapOpen-Source
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May 29, 2026cs.CL

Bundesrecht: An Open Library and Corpus for German Statutory Reference Processing

Statutory references are central to legal language understanding, but are difficult to process automatically, as they appear in compact and variable surface forms, may combine multiple targets, use special abbreviations, and often point to lower-level units. Existing tools for German focus either on parsing references from legal documents or accessing statutory text once citations are explicit. This paper introduces bundesrecht, an open resource for German statutory reference processing, consisting of a software library and a structured corpus of German federal law. The library parses, normalizes, and resolves German statutory references, mapping raw citation strings to structured objects, expanding compact references into canonical forms, and linking them to statutory provisions. The accompanying dataset preserves the internal hierarchy of statutes from laws to fine-granular subclauses. We evaluate the parser and normalizer on 2,944 annotated German legal references using strict exact-match and micro information extraction metrics. We further evaluate canonical reference deduplication and show that normalized references group real citation surface variants far more reliably than string matching. bundesrecht is the first open resource that covers German statutory reference processing as an end-to-end pipeline, from raw citation string to resolved statutory provision, and is available on PyPI.

Harshil Darji, Martin Heckelmann, Christina Kratsch +1

Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft Berlin, Germany · Hasso-Plattner Institute / University of Potsdam, Germany

GermanText CorporaCitationsNatural Language ProcessingOpen-Source
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May 26, 2026cs.AI

Agyn: An Open-Source Platform for AI Agents with Scalable On-Demand Execution, Agent Definition as a Code, and Zero-Trust Access

As organizations move toward production deployments of AI agents, which execute non-deterministic workflows, maintain stateful sessions, and often operate with privileged access to internal services, the engineering challenge shifts from building individual agents to operating them at scale with proper isolation, governance, and security. In this paper we present Agyn, an open-source platform designed around three key principles tailored for agent workloads: a signal-driven, stateful serverless runtime on Kubernetes; a Terraform provider for agent and harness definition; and a security model grounded in zero-trust and least-privilege principles. Agyn is agent-agnostic, model-agnostic, and cloud-agnostic.

Nikita Benkovich, Vitalii Valkov

Agyn, Inc. · Mila AI e-Lab

Agentic DeploymentsKubernetesArtificial Intelligence AgentsCloudScalabilityOpen-Source
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May 21, 2026cs.LG

Open Multimodal Datasets and Open-Source Software for Data-Driven Modeling of Multiphase Transport and Thermal Systems

Data-driven modeling is becoming central to multiphase transport, electronics cooling, acoustic diagnostics, and thermal-fluid digital twins, but progress is limited by fragmented datasets and raw instrument files that are difficult to decode, reuse, or benchmark. This paper presents an open ecosystem of multimodal datasets and open-source software packages developed by the Nano Energy and Data-Driven Discovery (NED3) Laboratory for reproducible AI-enabled thermal-fluid research. We introduce a spatial-plus-temporal dimensionality framework, denoted S+TD, to classify datasets by the dimensionality of measured or simulated fields, including 0+0D point values, 0+1D time series, 1+0D profiles, 2+0D images, 2+1D videos, 3+0D volumetric fields, and multimodal combinations. We organize public NED3 datasets spanning boiling images, acoustic and thermal measurements, high-speed videos, infrared thermography, thermal-resistance measurements, CFD-generated fields, design files, and acoustic-emission data. We also describe complementary software packages, including BubbleID, SeqReg, CFDTwin, IRISApp, decode-wfs, AELab, and FlowLab, which support computer vision, sequence regression, surrogate modeling, infrared analysis, waveform decoding, acoustic-emission analysis, and multimodal diagnostics. Particular emphasis is placed on SeqReg, a general sequence-regression library for 0+1D, 1+1D, and 2+1D data, with applications such as nonintrusive heat-flux estimation. Finally, we discuss future community efforts to build interoperable thermal-fluid databanks and curated AI/ML tool libraries that connect datasets, metadata, decoders, baselines, benchmarks, and physically interpretable models.

Christy Dunlap, Hari Pandey, Stephen Pierson +6

Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA

Multimodal DatasetData-DrivenHeat DiffusionLatent TransportOpen-SourceAcoustic
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May 20, 2026cs.CL

How Far Will They Go? Red-Teaming Online Influence with Large Language Models

As large language model (LLM)-based agents increasingly participate in online discourse, red-teaming their capacity to support political influence campaigns is critical for information integrity. In pursuit of this goal, we focus on locally deployed open-source LLMs, as opposed to frontier API-only models, given their superior alignment with the operational constraints of privacy-conscious malicious actors deployed in social media environments. We introduce an empirical red-teaming framework for measuring LLM Overton Windows (OWs), defined as the range of political opinions a model can reliably express on controversial topics, and for quantifying how simple natural-language jailbreaks expand that range. We evaluate more than 30 LLMs spanning 10 model families and five countries of origin. We find systematic asymmetries in political expressivity: open-source LLMs are typically more willing to generate left-leaning social media content, OWs tend to contract inversely to model size, and regional differences are substantial despite uneven representation in the open-source ecosystem. Jailbreak potency also varies sharply across model families, motivating a workflow for identifying effective combinations of jailbreak techniques. Taken together, our results establish a practical framework for auditing the political steerability of open-source LLMs and for helping future researchers design stronger countermeasures against LLM-enabled influence campaigns.

Daniel C. Ruiz, Anna Serbina, Ashwin Rao +2

Information Sciences Institute University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA

Social InfluenceSocial Media Timeline DynamicsJailbreak AttacksMalicious AgentsOpen-Source
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May 14, 2026cs.RO

Chrono-Gymnasium: An Open-Source, Gymnasium-Compatible Distributed Simulation Framework

High-fidelity physics simulation is essential for closing the sim-to-real gap in robotics and complex mechanical systems. However, the computational overhead of high-fidelity engines often limits their use in data-intensive tasks like Reinforcement Learning (RL) and global optimization. We introduce Chrono-Gymnasium, a distributed computing framework that scales the high-fidelity multi-body dynamics of Project Chrono across large-scale computing clusters. Built upon the Ray framework, Chrono-Gymnasium provides a standardized Gymnasium interface, enabling seamless integration with modern machine learning libraries while providing built-in synchronization and messaging primitives for distributed execution. We demonstrate the framework's capabilities through two distinct case studies: (1) the training of an RL agent for autonomous robotic navigation in complex terrains, and (2) the Bayesian Optimization of a planetary lander's design parameters to ensure landing stability. Our results show that Chrono-Gymnasium reduces wall-clock time for high-fidelity simulations without sacrificing physical accuracy, offering a scalable path for the design and control of complex robotic systems.

Bocheng Zou, Harry Zhang, Khailanii Slaton +5

University of Wisconsin-Madison

Physics SimulationRigid-Body DynamicsSkillgymOpen-Source
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May 14, 2026cs.CV

ClickRemoval: An Interactive Open-Source Tool for Object Removal in Diffusion Models

Existing object removal tools often rely on manual masks or text prompts, making precise removal difficult for non-expert users in complex scenes and often leading to incomplete removal or unnatural background completion. To address this issue, we present ClickRemoval, an open-source interactive object removal tool built on pretrained Stable Diffusion models and driven solely by user clicks. Without additional training, hand-drawn masks, or text descriptions, ClickRemoval localizes target objects and restores the background through self-attention modulation during denoising. Experiments show that ClickRemoval achieves competitive results across quantitative metrics and user studies. We release a complete software package at https://github.com/zld-make/ClickRemoval under the Apache-2.0 license.

Ledun Zhang, Yatu Ji, Xufei Zhuang +1

Inner Mongolia University of Technology Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China

Video Object RemovalRemovalText-To-Image Diffusion ModelsDiffusion ModelsObjectsOpen-Source
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May 11, 2026cs.SE

Natural Language based Specification and Verification

Recent frontier large language models (LLMs) have shown strong performance in identifying security vulnerabilities in large, mature open-source systems. As LLM-generated code becomes increasingly common, a natural goal is to prevent such models from producing vulnerable implementations in the first place. Formal verification offers a principled route to this objective, but existing verification pipelines typically require specifications written in rigid formal languages. Prior work has explored using LLMs to synthesize such specifications, with limited success. In this paper, we investigate a different approach: using LLMs both to generate specifications and to verify implementations compositionally when the specifications are expressed in natural language. Our preliminary results suggest that this approach is promising.

Zhaorui Li, Chengyu Song

University of California Riverside

Large Language Model SafetyVulnerable CodeNatural LanguageOpen-Source
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May 11, 2026cs.AI

LLARS: Enabling Domain Expert & Developer Collaboration for LLM Prompting, Generation and Evaluation

We demonstrate LLARS (LLM Assisted Research System), an open-source platform that bridges the gap between domain experts and developers for building LLM-based systems. It integrates three tightly connected modules into an end-to-end pipeline: Collaborative Prompt Engineering for real-time co-authoring with version control and instant LLM testing, Batch Generation for configurable output production across user-selected prompts ×\times models ×\times data with cost control, and Hybrid Evaluation where human and LLM evaluators jointly assess outputs through diverse assessment methods, with live agreement metrics and provenance analysis to identify the best model-prompt combination for a given use case. New prompts and models are automatically available for batch generation and completed batches can be turned into evaluation scenarios with a single click. Interviews with six domain experts and three developers in online counselling confirmed that LLARS feels intuitive, saves considerable time by keeping everything in one place and makes interdisciplinary collaboration seamless.

Philipp Steigerwald, Mara Stieler, Jennifer Burghardt +2

Technische Hochschule Nürnberg Georg Simon Ohm, Nürnberg, Germany · Faculty of Computer Science, Centre for Artificial Intelligence (KIZ) · Faculty of Social Sciences, Institute for E-Counselling

Large Language Models(LlmsAutomatic Prompt OptimizationCollaborationOpen-SourceProvenance
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May 8, 2026cs.DC

Dooly: Configuration-Agnostic, Redundancy-Aware Profiling for LLM Inference Simulation

Selecting the optimal LLM inference configuration requires evaluation across hardware, serving engines, attention backends, and model architectures, since no single choice performs best across all workloads. Profile-based simulators are the standard tool, yet they hardcode their operation set to a specific configuration and re-profile every operation from scratch, making exploration prohibitively expensive. This cost stems from a missing structural understanding: every input dimension of each operation is fixed by the model configuration or determined by the incoming request. Many model-configuration values (e.g., head size, layer count) recur across models, so the same operation runs in many configurations; a single sweep over the request-dependent dimensions can serve them all. We present Dooly, which exploits this structure to achieve configuration-agnostic, redundancy-aware profiling. Dooly performs a single inference pass, labels each input dimension with its origin via taint propagation, and selectively profiles only operations absent from its latency database; stateful operations such as attention are isolated by reusing the serving engine's own initialization code, eliminating manual instrumentation. It builds latency regression models based on the database, which becomes a drop-in backend for existing simulators. Across two GPU platforms, three attention backends, and diverse model architectures, Dooly achieves simulation accuracy within 5% MAPE for TTFT and 8% for TPOT while reducing profiling GPU-hours by 56.4% across 12 models compared to the existing profiling approach. We have open-sourced Dooly at https://github.com/dooly-project.

Joon Ha Kim, Geon-Woo Kim, Anoop Rachakonda +1

University of Texas at Austin

ProfilingLLM Inference OptimizationDeep Learning ArchitecturesOpen-SourceIntrinsic Dimensionality
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